Gıda ve Enerji Üretimini Birleştiren Arazilerde Verimlilik Analizi: Komşuköy Agrivoltaik Çiftlik Modeli

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 443 - 460, 22.07.2024

Bilge Şentürk Duygu Kuzyaka Ömer Yalçın Uğur M. Akyıldız Murat Eröz Talat Özden

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1430853

Öz

Amaç: Enerjisa Üretim ortaklığıyla İstanbul, Türkiye’de kurulan ilk yükseltilmiş sabit panel sistemine sahip Komşuköy Agrivoltaik Çiftlik sahasında gerçekleştirilen tarım ve enerji üretim faaliyetlerini inceleyen bu çalışmanın temel amacı, arazinin ikili kullanımı (elektrik ve biyokütle üretimi) sonucunda arazi verimliliğindeki değişimi ortaya koymaktır.
Yöntem: Arazi verimliliğinin hesaplamasında esas alınan yöntem “arazi eş değer oranı (LER)”dır.
Bulgular: Agrivoltaik sistemde arazi eşdeğer oranının (LER) farklı bitki türlerine göre 1,33 ve 3,30 arasında değiştiği; buna göre agrivoltaik sistemlerin, gıda ve elektrik üretiminin ayrı arazilerde gerçekleştirildiği durumlara göre %33-%230 arasında daha az arazi varlığına ihtiyaç duyduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Özgünlük: Komşuköy Agrivoltaik Çiftlik, Türkiye’de sabit çift-yüzlü panel sistemi ile tasarlanmış öncül bir agrivoltaik uygulama alanıdır. Ülkemizde agrivoltaik sistemlerin performansını verimlilik yaklaşımı ile değerlendiren ilk araştırma olarak diğer pilot çalışmalarından temel farkı; biyoçeşitlilik ve ilaçsız tarıma yönelik sürdürülebilir tarım tekniklerine dayanan bir sistem üzerine odaklanmasıdır. Literatür, çoğunlukla konvensiyonel tarım tekniklerine ve monokültür ürünlere odaklanmış olup bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir bir çiftlik modeli örneği sunmaktadır. Ayrıca önceki agrivoltaik araştırmalar arasında henüz çalışılmamış bir ürün grubu olan tıbbi ve aromatik bitki örneğinin incelenmesi sonucunda bu ürün grubunun yetiştiriciliği hakkında literatüre önemli bir katkı sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sürdürülebilir Tarım, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Agrivoltaik Sistemler (TarımGES), Arazi Verimliliği, Arazi Eşdeğer Oranı (LER)

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar tarafından bu çalışmada bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan edilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışmada TarımGES (agrivoltaik sistem) kurulumu aşamasındaki tedarik süreçlerinde (panel, konstrüksiyon, batarya, bağlantı malzemeleri vb.) Enerjisa Üretim tarafından fon desteği sağlanmıştır.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, çalışmadaki bazı üç boyutlu grafiklerin oluşturulmasında verdiği destekten dolayı ODTÜ Mimarlık Bölümünden Dilara Güney’e ve verilerin bilimsel alanda değerlendirilmesi için göstermiş olduğu çabadan dolayı Enerjisa Üretim’den Mehmet Evren Eynehan’a teşekkür eder.

The Analysis on Dual Land Use Efficiency: Integrating Food and Energy Production in A Case Study of the Komşuköy Agrivoltaic Farm Model

Öz

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the changes in land productivity resulting from the dual use of land (both electricity and biomass production) in the Komşuköy Agrivoltaic farm which is the first site with an elevated fixed-panel system in Istanbul, Türkiye, established in partnership with Enerjisa.
Methodology: The method employed in calculating land productivity is the "Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)”.
Findings: The land equivalent ratio (LER) in the Agrivoltaic system varies between 1,33 and 3,30 for different plant species. Accordingly, Agrivoltaic systems indicate a need for 33% to 230% less land compared to situations where food and electricity production are carried out on separate plots.
Originality: Komşuköy Agrivoltaic Farm is the first Agrivoltaic implementation designed with a fixed dual-sided panel system in Türkiye. Distinguishing itself from other pilot studies, this research is the preliminary one both for evaluating the performance of Agrivoltaic systems using a productivity approach in Türkiye and for focusing on biodiversity, natural inputs, and sustainable farming techniques for pesticide-free agriculture while most studies in the worlwide literature concentrate on conventional farming techniques and monoculture products, this research contributes as an example of a sustainable farm model, spesifically for providing a significant contribution on the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sustainable Agriculture, Renewable Energy, Agrivoltaic Systems (AgriPV), Land Productivity, Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)

Etik Beyan

It was declared by the author(s) that scientific and ethical principles have been followed in this study and all the sources used have been properly cited.

Destekleyen Kurum

Enerjisa has provided funding support for the procurement processes during the installation phase of AgriPV (agrivoltaic system), including panels, construction, batteries, connection materials, etc.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Dilara Güney from Department of Architecture at METU for her support in creating some three-dimensional graphics in the study, and Mehmet Evren Eynehan from Enerjisa Üretim for his efforts in scientific evaluation of the data.

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