Survival in food environment: Bacterial quorum sensing

Abstract

The usage of some intracellular and intercellular signal molecules by bacteria for communication is defined as Quorum Sensing (QS). There are biosensor tests that are developed towards understanding the presence of signal molecules, which are produced by various Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, and to determine the mechanism of biofilm formation via QS mechanism in the field of food industry. The food spoilage and biofilm formation are of significant problems that the food industry faces, and are almost impossible to overcome with traditional approaches. Since QS signals were proven to have significant roles on bacterial pathogenicity and on food spoilage, blockage of these signals in foodborne bacteria may provide steps for protection against QS related phenotypes responsible for food spoilage. In this review, information is provided on QS and its mechanism, role of signal molecules produced by food spoilage bacteria that are important for the food industry, QS and biofilm formation, detection of QS signals via biosensors, and the new research on food preservatives developed as QS inhibitors.

Keywords

• quorum sensing
• food spoilage
• biofilm

Gıda ortamında hayata tutunma: Bakteriyel çoğunluk algılama

Öz

Bakterilerin hücre içi ve hücreler arası iletişim amacı ile birtakım sinyal molekülleri kullanımına ‘Quorum Sensing (QS) / Çoğunluk Algılama’ adı verilmektedir. Gıda endüstrisi alanında, çeşitli Gram negatif ve Gram pozitif bakterilerin ürettiği sinyal moleküllerinin varlığının ve QS sistemi ile biyofilm oluşturma mekanizmalarının anlaşılmasına yönelik olarak geliştirilen biyosensör çalışmaları bulunmaktadır. Gıda bozulması ve biyofilm oluşumu, gıda endüstrisinin yüzyüze kaldığı ve geleneksel yaklaşımlarla alt edilmesi neredeyse mümkün olmayan önemli sorunlardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. QS sinyallerinin bakteriyel patojenite ve gıda bozulmasında önemli görevleri olmasından dolayı gıda kaynaklı bakterilerde QS sinyallerinin bloke edilmesi yolu ile gıda bozulmasından sorumlu olan QS ilişkili fenotiplere karşı korunma sağlanabilmesi yolunda adımlar atılmaktadır. Bu derleme makalesinde, QS ve mekanizması, gıda endüstrisi yönünden önem taşıyan bazı bakteriler tarafından üretilen sinyal moleküllerinin gıda bozulmasında üstlendikleri roller, QS ve biyofilm oluşumu, biyosensörler ile QS sinyallerinin tespiti, QS inhibitörleri olarak geliştirilen yeni gıda koruyucuları konusunda yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çoğunluk algılama
• gıda bozulması
• biyofilm

Kaynakça

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