Determination of pyrrolizidine alkoloids in oregano (Origanum onites) produced in Denizli by LC-MS Q-TOF method

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 93 Sayı: 2, 115 - 123, 15.06.2022

Seda Dicle Korkmaz , Özlem Küplülü

https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.1037994

Cited By: 1

Öz

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in certain plant species create contamination, especially in production areas, and pose a risk to public health with the consumption of foods. Due to their sensitivity to intoxications, it has hepatotoxic, pneumotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects in all age groups, especially in infants and children. In this study, the presence and level of PAs and N-oxide compounds in oregano grown in Denizli, which has an important share in Turkey's oregano export, were investigated by LC-MS Q-TOF to determine potential public health risks. In the study, a total of 3 processed and packaged oregano samples taken from different enterprises producing oregano in Denizli and 8 unprocessed (stem) oregano samples from different regions of Denizli (11 samples ) were used as material. Identification and quantification of PAs and PANOs compounds in the samples were done by LC-MS Q-TOF. A total of 280 ±22 µg/kg of europine and europine N-oxide were determined in a processed packaged sample from the analyzed samples. According to the analysis results; PA value in oregano samples was determined below the PA limit value (<1000 µg/kg) specified in the regulation no 2020/2040/EU. It was determined that the samples did not pose a risk to public health in terms of PAs. However, the fact that no PAs was found in the processed and packaged sample in which europin was detected and in the intact oregano samples taken from the same region indicates PAs contamination caused by weed and seed pieces, albeit in trace amounts, during the processing of oregano. It is reported that the PAs limit value for plant-derived foods are specified in the Commission Regulation No 2020/2040/EU, and this value going to be 1000 µg/kg for oregano with the regulations to be made in 2022. It is thought that this study will lay the ground work for PAs regulations within the scope of the Turkish Food Codex.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denizli, LC-MS Q-TOF, Oregano, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Denizli ilinde üretilen kekiklerde (Origanum onites) pirolizidin alkaloidlerinin LC-MS Q-TOF yöntemi ile belirlenmesi

Öz

Belirli bitki türlerinde bulunan Pirolizidin alkaloidleri (PA), özellikle üretim alanlarında kontaminasyon oluşturarak gıdaların tüketimiyle halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. PA'lar, intoksikasyonlara duyarlılıklarından dolayı başta bebek ve çocuklar olmak üzere tüm yaş gruplarında hepatoksik, pnömotoksik, genotoksik, mutojenik, teratojenik ve karsinojenik etkilidir. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin kekik ihracaatında önemli payı olan Denizli’de yetiştirilen kekiklerde (Origanum onites) PA ve N-oksit (PANO) bileşiklerinin varlığının ve düzeyinin LC-MS Q-TOF ile araştırılarak potansiyel halk sağlığı risklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Denizli’de kekik üretimi yapan farklı işletmelerden alınan işlenmiş, paketlenmiş 3 kekik örneği ile Denizli ilinin farklı bölgelerine ait işlenmemiş 8 kekik örneği olmak üzere toplam 11 örnek materyal olarak kullanıldı. Örneklerde PA ve PANO bileşiklerinin tanımlanması ve miktarlandırılması LC-MS Q-TOF ile yapıldı. Analize alınan örneklerden işlenmiş bir örnekte, europine ve europine N-oksit toplam 280 ±22 µg/kg tayin edildi. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; kekik örneklerindeki PA değeri, 2020/2040/AB sayılı regülasyonda belirtilen PA limit değerin (1000 µg/kg) altında saptandı. Örneklerin, PA yönüyle halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturmadığı belirlendi. Ancak europin saptanan işlenmiş ve paketlenmiş örnek ile aynı bölgeden alınan bütünlüğü bozulmamış kekik örneklerinde PA'ya rastlanmamış olması kekiğin işlenme aşamasında iz miktarda da olsa yabani ot ve tohum parçalarından kaynaklanan kontaminasyonunu işaret etmektedir. Çalışma, alkaloid kontaminasyonunu önlemek amacıyla kekik üretiminde işlenme sürecinin önemini ve ürünün yabani otlardan arındırılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bitki kaynaklı gıdalar için PA sınır değerlerinin 2020/2040/AB sayılı Komisyon Tüzüğü’nde belirtildiği, 2022 yılında yapılacak düzenlemelerle kekik için bu değerin 1000µg/kg olacağı bildirilmektedir. Çalışmanın Türk Gıda Kodeksi kapsamında PA düzenlemelerine zemin oluşturacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denizli, Kekik, LC-MS Q-TOF, Pirolizidin alkaloidleri

Kaynakça

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