Araştırma Makalesi
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SOCIAL CAPITAL CONCEPT AND THE COMPARISON OF FUNDAMENTAL PERSPECTIVES

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 17, 114 - 129, 13.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.283179

Öz

There has been the need of research of relations and
their effects due to growing importance of social relations in social and
economic life. Alongside with the economic and physical capital, non-financial
capital types that are human, cultural and social capital accepted as the
neo-classic capital theories in social and economic transactions. Particularly in
economic relations, increase of information communication technologies, outnumbered
interactions of individuals with others and naturally excess weak ties in life
have resulted in the quest of trust in the relations. Social capital theory has
been developed due to mentioned reasons since 1990s. By time, the theory’s
scope has been expanded and studied in different academic fields. It has also
produced its own new micro theories. As a consequence, the characteristics and the
types of social capital theory have been diversified. In this paper, the
individual and collective characteristics of social capital theory are
assessed. The differences of social capital theory from other capital types are
mentioned. The historical development of the theory is explained along with the
critics and individual/collective characteristics. The bonding and bridging
social capital concepts, which are subjected to change based on the
individual’s positions in the relations, are clarified. The negative results on
individuals and society of this capital type are mentioned as well. 

Kaynakça

  • Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2000). Social Capital: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications (pp. 89–115). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 2. Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. The Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.
  • 3. Altay, A. (2007). Bir Kamu Malı Olarak Sosyal Sermaye ve Yoksulluk İlişkisi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 7(1), 337–362.
  • 4. Baker, W. E. (1990). Market Networks and Corporate Behavior. American Journal of Sociology, 96(3), 589–625.
  • 5. Başak, S., & Öztaş, N. (2010). Güven Ağbağları, Sosyal Sermaye ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 27–56.
  • 6. Borgatti, S. P., & Kidwell-Lopez, V. (2012). Network Theory. In J. Scott & P. J. Carrington (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis (pp. 40–54). London: SAGE Publications.
  • 7. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/bourdieu-forms-capital.htm
  • 8. Burt, R. (2000). The network structure of social capital. Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, 345–423.
  • 9. Burt, R. (2002). Bridge Decay. Social Networks, 24, 333–363.
  • 10. Burt, R. S. (1992a). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. USA: Harvard University Press.
  • 2. Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. The Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.
  • 11. Burt, R. S. (1992b). The Social Structure of Competition. In N. Nohria & R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • 12. Burt, R. S. (2008). Structural Holes versus Network Closure as Social Capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital Theory and Research (4th Editio, pp. 31–56). New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.
  • 13. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(1988), S95. http://doi.org/10.1086/228943
  • 14. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Social Forces, 69(2), 993. http://doi.org/10.2307/2579680
  • 15. Coleman, J. S. (2000). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications (pp. 43–68). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 16. DiMaggio, P. (1992). Nadel’s Paradox Revisited: Relational and Cultural Aspects of Organizational Structure. In N. Nohria & R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action (pp. 118–142). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • 17. Döğerlioğlu, Ö. (2005). Sosyal Ağlar ve Örgütsel Başarı: Yerleşiklik Teorisi. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 20(235), 36–41. http://doi.org/10.3848/iif.2005.235.4520
  • 18. Erdoğan, E. (2006). Sosyal sermaye, güven ve Türk gençliği, 1–39. Retrieved from http://urbanhobbit.net/PDF/Sosyal Sermaye_emre erdogan.pdf
  • 19. Field, J. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • 20. Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. Third World Quarterly, 22(1), 7–20. http://doi.org/10.1080/713701144
  • 21. Gürsakal, N. (2009). Sosyal Ağ Analizi. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • 22. Karagül, M., & Dündar, S. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye ve Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma. Akdeniz İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (12), 61–78.
  • 23. Kilduff, M., & Tsai, W. (2003). Social Networks and Organizations. London: SAGE Publications.
  • 24. Krackhardt, D. (1992). The Strength of Strong Ties: The Importance of Philos in Organizations. In N. Nohria & R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action (pp. 216–239). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • 25. Lappé, F. M., & du Bois, P. M. (1997). Building social capital without looking backward. National Civic Review, 86(2), 119–128. http://doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100860205
  • 26. Leana, C. R., & Van Buren III, H. J. (1999). Social Capital and Employment. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 538–555.
  • 27. Lesser, E. L. (2000). Leveraging Social Capital in Organizations. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital (pp. 3–16). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 28. Lin, N. (2008). Building A Network Theory of Social Capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital Theory and Research (4th Editio, pp. 3–30). New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.
  • 29. Lin, N., Cook, K., & Burt, R. S. (2008). Social capital: Theory and research (4th Editio). USA: Transaction Publishers.
  • 30. Lin, N., Fu, Y., & Hsung, R.-M. (2008). The Position Generator: Measurement Technques for Investigation of Social Capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital Theory and Research (4th Editio, pp. 57–81). New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.
  • 31. Lowndes, V., & Wilson, D. (2001). Social capital and local governance: exploring the institutional design variable. Political Studies, 49(4), 629–647.
  • 32. Nelson, R. E. (1989). The Strength of Strong Ties: Social Networks and Intergroup Conflict in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), 377–401. http://doi.org/10.2307/256367
  • 33. Newton, K. (2001). Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy. International Political Science Review, 22(2), 201–214. http://doi.org/10.1177/0192512101222004
  • 34. OECD. (2001). The Well-being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/site/worldforum/33703702.pdf
  • 35. Özdemir, A. A. (2008). Sosyal Ağ Özellikleri Bakış Açısıyla Sosyal Sermaye ve Bilgi Yaratma İlişkisi: Akademisyenler Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Alan Araştırması. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 81–102.
  • 36. Paxton, P. (1999). Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 105(1), 88–127. http://doi.org/10.1086/210268
  • 37. Portes, A. (1998). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 1–24. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1
  • 38. Portes, A. (2000a). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications (pp. 43–67). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 39. Portes, A. (2000b). The two meanings of social capital. Sociological Forum, 15(1), 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007537902813
  • 40. Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

SOSYAL SERMAYE KURAMI VE TEMEL BAKIŞ AÇILARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 17, 114 - 129, 13.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.283179

Öz



Sosyal ilişkilerin sosyal ve
ekonomik hayattaki artan öneminin kavranmasıyla ilişkiler ve etkilerinin
araştırılması gerekliliğini doğmuştur. Sosyal ve ekonomik işlemlerde ekonomik
ve fiziki sermayenin yanı sıra parasal olmayan beşeri, kültürel ve sosyal sermaye
türleri de neo-klasik sermaye kuramları olarak kabul edilmiştir. Özellikle
ekonomik hayattaki ilişkilerde bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin artması,
bireylerin geçmiştekinden daha fazla bireyle ve doğal olarak daha zayıf
bağlarla bağlantı kurması güven unsurunun aranmasına neden olmuştur. Belirtilen
gelişmeler 1990’lardan itibaren sosyal sermayeye katkıda bulunmuştur. Sosyal
sermaye zamanla kapsamını genişletmiş ve farklı disiplinlerle çalışılabilir
hale gelmiştir. Bu sermaye türü aynı zamanda yeni mikro kuramların doğmasını da
sağlamıştır. Bu durum sosyal sermayenin özellikleri ve türleri bakımından
çeşitlenmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada sosyal sermayenin bireysel ve
kolektif yönleri ve bu ayrımın özellikleri ele alınmaktadır. Sosyal sermayenin,
diğer sermaye türlerinden farklılıklarına yer verilmektedir. Sosyal sermayenin
tarihsel süreçteki gelişimi yine bireysel ve kolektif yönleriyle harmanlanarak
eleştirilerle birlikte değerlendirilmektedir. Bireylerin ilişkilerdeki konumuna
bağlı olarak değişen dayanışmacı ve aracı sosyal sermaye kavramları
açıklanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu sermaye türünün birey ve toplum açısından
olumsuz sonuçlarına değinilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2000). Social Capital: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications (pp. 89–115). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 2. Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. The Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.
  • 3. Altay, A. (2007). Bir Kamu Malı Olarak Sosyal Sermaye ve Yoksulluk İlişkisi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 7(1), 337–362.
  • 4. Baker, W. E. (1990). Market Networks and Corporate Behavior. American Journal of Sociology, 96(3), 589–625.
  • 5. Başak, S., & Öztaş, N. (2010). Güven Ağbağları, Sosyal Sermaye ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 27–56.
  • 6. Borgatti, S. P., & Kidwell-Lopez, V. (2012). Network Theory. In J. Scott & P. J. Carrington (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis (pp. 40–54). London: SAGE Publications.
  • 7. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/bourdieu-forms-capital.htm
  • 8. Burt, R. (2000). The network structure of social capital. Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, 345–423.
  • 9. Burt, R. (2002). Bridge Decay. Social Networks, 24, 333–363.
  • 10. Burt, R. S. (1992a). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. USA: Harvard University Press.
  • 2. Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. The Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.
  • 11. Burt, R. S. (1992b). The Social Structure of Competition. In N. Nohria & R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • 12. Burt, R. S. (2008). Structural Holes versus Network Closure as Social Capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital Theory and Research (4th Editio, pp. 31–56). New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.
  • 13. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(1988), S95. http://doi.org/10.1086/228943
  • 14. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Social Forces, 69(2), 993. http://doi.org/10.2307/2579680
  • 15. Coleman, J. S. (2000). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications (pp. 43–68). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 16. DiMaggio, P. (1992). Nadel’s Paradox Revisited: Relational and Cultural Aspects of Organizational Structure. In N. Nohria & R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action (pp. 118–142). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • 17. Döğerlioğlu, Ö. (2005). Sosyal Ağlar ve Örgütsel Başarı: Yerleşiklik Teorisi. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 20(235), 36–41. http://doi.org/10.3848/iif.2005.235.4520
  • 18. Erdoğan, E. (2006). Sosyal sermaye, güven ve Türk gençliği, 1–39. Retrieved from http://urbanhobbit.net/PDF/Sosyal Sermaye_emre erdogan.pdf
  • 19. Field, J. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • 20. Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. Third World Quarterly, 22(1), 7–20. http://doi.org/10.1080/713701144
  • 21. Gürsakal, N. (2009). Sosyal Ağ Analizi. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • 22. Karagül, M., & Dündar, S. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye ve Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma. Akdeniz İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (12), 61–78.
  • 23. Kilduff, M., & Tsai, W. (2003). Social Networks and Organizations. London: SAGE Publications.
  • 24. Krackhardt, D. (1992). The Strength of Strong Ties: The Importance of Philos in Organizations. In N. Nohria & R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action (pp. 216–239). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • 25. Lappé, F. M., & du Bois, P. M. (1997). Building social capital without looking backward. National Civic Review, 86(2), 119–128. http://doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100860205
  • 26. Leana, C. R., & Van Buren III, H. J. (1999). Social Capital and Employment. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 538–555.
  • 27. Lesser, E. L. (2000). Leveraging Social Capital in Organizations. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital (pp. 3–16). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 28. Lin, N. (2008). Building A Network Theory of Social Capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital Theory and Research (4th Editio, pp. 3–30). New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.
  • 29. Lin, N., Cook, K., & Burt, R. S. (2008). Social capital: Theory and research (4th Editio). USA: Transaction Publishers.
  • 30. Lin, N., Fu, Y., & Hsung, R.-M. (2008). The Position Generator: Measurement Technques for Investigation of Social Capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital Theory and Research (4th Editio, pp. 57–81). New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.
  • 31. Lowndes, V., & Wilson, D. (2001). Social capital and local governance: exploring the institutional design variable. Political Studies, 49(4), 629–647.
  • 32. Nelson, R. E. (1989). The Strength of Strong Ties: Social Networks and Intergroup Conflict in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), 377–401. http://doi.org/10.2307/256367
  • 33. Newton, K. (2001). Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy. International Political Science Review, 22(2), 201–214. http://doi.org/10.1177/0192512101222004
  • 34. OECD. (2001). The Well-being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/site/worldforum/33703702.pdf
  • 35. Özdemir, A. A. (2008). Sosyal Ağ Özellikleri Bakış Açısıyla Sosyal Sermaye ve Bilgi Yaratma İlişkisi: Akademisyenler Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Alan Araştırması. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 81–102.
  • 36. Paxton, P. (1999). Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 105(1), 88–127. http://doi.org/10.1086/210268
  • 37. Portes, A. (1998). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 1–24. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1
  • 38. Portes, A. (2000a). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. In E. L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications (pp. 43–67). USA: Butterworth - Heinemann.
  • 39. Portes, A. (2000b). The two meanings of social capital. Sociological Forum, 15(1), 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007537902813
  • 40. Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hülya Ağcasulu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Mart 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Ağcasulu, H. (2017). SOSYAL SERMAYE KURAMI VE TEMEL BAKIŞ AÇILARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 8(17), 114-129. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.283179

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