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Barriers to Success: The Mediating Role of Intellectual Imposter Phenomenon in the Effect of Perfectionist Personality Structure on Workplace Happiness

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 42, 463 - 482, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1286986

Öz

Perfectionism and intellectual imposter phenomenon, which correspond to emotions of inadequacy growing in one’s inner journey, are among the most significant barriers to achievement. Through data collected from academicians working in higher education institutions, the study aims to uncover the role of intellectual imposter in the effect of perfectionist personality structure on workplace happiness. For this aim 433 academicians specializing in various disciplines are contacted using an electronic questionnaire method. SPSS and AMOS are used to analyze the collected data. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and hypothesis testing are carried out using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). According to the findings, perfectionism has a good effect on intellectual imposter phenomenon while having a negative effect on workplace well-being. As a result, academics with a perfectionist personality structure are more likely to experience intellectual imposter phenomenon, which affects their job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is discovered that imposter has a full mediating role in the effect of dissatisfaction on workplace well-being, which is one of the sub-dimensions of perfectionism. The study is significant in terms of constructing a model that exposes the issue of intellectual imposter phenomenon exhibited in high achievers who are unable to absorb and embrace their own accomplishments. The fact that no other study has been conducted to investigate the three variables addressed within the scope of this constructed model suggests that the research would make substantial contributions to the literature.

Etik Beyan

For this study the approval of ethical committee no 135/9 dated 11.04.2023 was taken from the Ethical Committee, Süleyman Demirel University.

Kaynakça

  • Abdollahi, A., Hosseinian, S., Panahipour, H., Najafi, M. ve Soheili, F. (2019). Emotional intelligence as a moderator between perfectionism and happiness. School Psychology International, 40(1), 88-103.
  • Alparslan, A. M. (2016). Emek işçilerinde fazladan rol davranışının öncülü: İş tatmini mi işyerinde mutluluk mu? 13.
  • Arleo, E. K., Wagner-Schulman, M., McGinty, G., Salazar, G. ve Mayr, N. A. (2021). Tackling impostor syndrome: A multidisciplinary approach. Elsevier.
  • Aygün, N. ve Topkaya, N. (2022). Akademik erteleme ve akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 61, 189-208.
  • Badri, S. K. Z., Kong, M. Y., Wan Mohd Yunus, W. M. A., Nordin, N. A. ve Yap, W. M. (2021). Trait emotional intelligence and happiness of young adults: The mediating role of perfectionism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10800.
  • Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Barr-Walker, J., Werner, D. A., Kellermeyer, L. ve Bass, M. B. (2020). Coping with impostor feelings: Evidence based recommendations from a mixed methods study. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 15(2), 24-41.
  • Borynack, Z. A. (2004). Contextual influences in the relationship of perfectionism and anxiety: A multidimensional perspective. The University of Oklahoma.
  • Bravata, D. M., Watts, S. A., Keefer, A. L., Madhusudhan, D. K., Taylor, K. T., Clark, D. M., Nelson, R. S., Cokley, K. O. ve Hagg, H. K. (2020). Prevalence, predictors, and treatment of impostor syndrome: A systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1252-1275.
  • Bryman, A., ve Cramer, D. (1999). Aggregating variables Exploratory factor analysis. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS Release 8 for Windows: For Social Scientists, 271-285.
  • Buchanan, L. (2006). Impostor syndrome. Inc. Magazine, September, 37-38.
  • Burmaoğlu, S., Polat, M. ve Meydan, C. H. (2013). Örgütsel davranış alanında ilişkisel analiz yöntemleri ve Türkçe yazında aracılık modeli kullanımı üzerine bir inceleme.
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  • Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International journal of testing, 1(1), 55-86.
  • Cevizci, A. (1997). Felsefe sözlüğü [Dictionary of philosophy]. Ekin Yayınları.
  • Chapman, A. (2017). Using the assessment process to overcome Imposter Syndrome in mature students. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 41(2), 112-119.
  • Clance, P. R. (1985). The impostor phenomenon: Overcoming the fear that haunts your success. Peachtree Pub Limited.
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  • Cokley, K., Stone, S., Krueger, N., Bailey, M., Garba, R. ve Hurst, A. (2018). Self-esteem as a mediator of the link between perfectionism and the impostor phenomenon. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 292-297.
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Başarının Önündeki Engeller: Mükemmeliyetçi Kişilik Yapısının İşyeri Mutluluğu Üzerindeki Etkisinde Entelektüel Sahtekârlık Fenomeninin Aracılık Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 42, 463 - 482, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1286986

Öz

Kişinin içsel yolculuğunda derinleşen yetersizlik duygularına karşılık gelen mükemmeliyetçilik ve entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeni başarının önündeki en büyük engeller arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, yükseköğretim kurumlarında görev yapmakta olan akademisyenlerden toplanan veriler üzerinden mükemmeliyetçi kişilik yapısının işyeri mutluluğu üzerindeki etkisinde entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeninin rolü ortaya konulmuştur. Bu amaç doğrultusunda farklı anabilim dallarında uzmanlaşmış 433 akademisyene elektronik anket yöntemi aracılığıyla ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizinin (DFA) uygulanmasında ve hipotezlerin test edilmesinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeni mükemmeliyetçilikten pozitif yönde etkilenmekte, işyeri mutluluğunu ise negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Buna göre mükemmeliyetçi kişilik yapısına sahip olan akademisyenlerin entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomenini deneyimleme olasılıkları daha yüksektir ve bu durum da işyerindeki mutluluklarını azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca mükemmeliyetçiliğin alt boyutlarından olan tatminsizliğin işyeri mutluluğu üzerindeki etkisinde sahteliğin tam aracılık rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, kendi başarılarını içselleştiremeyen ve bir türlü kabul edemeyen yüksek başarılı kişilerde görülen entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeni sürecini ortaya koyan bir model geliştirilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Geliştirilen bu model kapsamında ele alınan üç değişkenin bir arada incelendiği başka çalışmaya rastlanılmaması bu araştırmanın alanyazına önemli katkılar sağlayacağını düşündürtmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan 135/9 sayılı ve 11.04.2023 tarihli etik kurul onayı alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdollahi, A., Hosseinian, S., Panahipour, H., Najafi, M. ve Soheili, F. (2019). Emotional intelligence as a moderator between perfectionism and happiness. School Psychology International, 40(1), 88-103.
  • Alparslan, A. M. (2016). Emek işçilerinde fazladan rol davranışının öncülü: İş tatmini mi işyerinde mutluluk mu? 13.
  • Arleo, E. K., Wagner-Schulman, M., McGinty, G., Salazar, G. ve Mayr, N. A. (2021). Tackling impostor syndrome: A multidisciplinary approach. Elsevier.
  • Aygün, N. ve Topkaya, N. (2022). Akademik erteleme ve akademik mükemmeliyetçilik ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 61, 189-208.
  • Badri, S. K. Z., Kong, M. Y., Wan Mohd Yunus, W. M. A., Nordin, N. A. ve Yap, W. M. (2021). Trait emotional intelligence and happiness of young adults: The mediating role of perfectionism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10800.
  • Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Barr-Walker, J., Werner, D. A., Kellermeyer, L. ve Bass, M. B. (2020). Coping with impostor feelings: Evidence based recommendations from a mixed methods study. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 15(2), 24-41.
  • Borynack, Z. A. (2004). Contextual influences in the relationship of perfectionism and anxiety: A multidimensional perspective. The University of Oklahoma.
  • Bravata, D. M., Watts, S. A., Keefer, A. L., Madhusudhan, D. K., Taylor, K. T., Clark, D. M., Nelson, R. S., Cokley, K. O. ve Hagg, H. K. (2020). Prevalence, predictors, and treatment of impostor syndrome: A systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1252-1275.
  • Bryman, A., ve Cramer, D. (1999). Aggregating variables Exploratory factor analysis. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS Release 8 for Windows: For Social Scientists, 271-285.
  • Buchanan, L. (2006). Impostor syndrome. Inc. Magazine, September, 37-38.
  • Burmaoğlu, S., Polat, M. ve Meydan, C. H. (2013). Örgütsel davranış alanında ilişkisel analiz yöntemleri ve Türkçe yazında aracılık modeli kullanımı üzerine bir inceleme.
  • Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionist’s script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 14(6), 34-52.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International journal of testing, 1(1), 55-86.
  • Cevizci, A. (1997). Felsefe sözlüğü [Dictionary of philosophy]. Ekin Yayınları.
  • Chapman, A. (2017). Using the assessment process to overcome Imposter Syndrome in mature students. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 41(2), 112-119.
  • Clance, P. R. (1985). The impostor phenomenon: Overcoming the fear that haunts your success. Peachtree Pub Limited.
  • Clance, P. R. ve Imes, S. A. (1978a). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241.
  • Clance, P. R. ve Imes, S. A. (1978b). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241.
  • Clance, P. R. ve OToole, M. A. (1987). The imposter phenomenon: An internal barrier to empowerment and achievement. Women & Therapy, 6(3), 51-64.
  • Cokley, K., Stone, S., Krueger, N., Bailey, M., Garba, R. ve Hurst, A. (2018). Self-esteem as a mediator of the link between perfectionism and the impostor phenomenon. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 292-297.
  • Cowman, S. E. ve Ferrari, J. R. (2002). “Am I for real?” Predicting impostor tendencies from self-handicapping and affective components. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 30(2), 119-125.
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  • Ferrari, J. R. ve Thompson, T. (2006). Impostor fears: Links with self-presentational concerns and self-handicapping behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(2), 341-352.
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  • Gardner, S. K. ve Holley, K. A. (2011). “Those invisible barriers are real”: The progression of first-generation students through doctoral education. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44(1), 77-92.
  • Gaudreau, P. ve Verner-Filion, J. (2012). Dispositional perfectionism and well-being: A test of the 2\times 2 model of perfectionism in the sport domain. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 1(1), 29.
  • Gravois, J. (2007). You’re Not Fooling Anyone. Chronicle of Higher Education, 54(11).
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. ve Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7. Baskı). Pearson. Hallahan, TA, Faff, RW, McKenzie, MD (2004). An empirical investigation of personal financial risk tolerance. Financial Services Review-Greenwıch, 13(1), 57-78.
  • Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology: A journal of Human Behavior.
  • Harvey, J. C. (1981). The impostor phenomenon and achievement: A failure to internalize success. Temple University.
  • Henning, K., Ey, S. ve Shaw, D. (1998). Perfectionism, the impostor phenomenon and psychological adjustment in medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy students. Medical Education, 32(5), 456-464.
  • Hewitt, P. L. ve Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 456.
  • Hicks, R. E., Kenny, B., Stevenson, S., ve Vanstone, D. M. (2022). Risk factors in body image dissatisfaction: Gender, maladaptive perfectionism, and psychological wellbeing. Heliyon, 8(6), e09745.
  • Hollender, M. H. (1965). Perfectionism. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 6(2), 94-103.
  • Hutchins, H. M. (2015). Outing the imposter: A study exploring imposter phenomenon among higher education faculty. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 27(2), 3-12.
  • Hutchins, H. M., Penney, L. M. ve Sublett, L. W. (2018). What imposters risk at work: Exploring imposter phenomenon, stress coping, and job outcomes. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 29(1), 31-48.
  • Hutchins, H. M. ve Rainbolt, H. (2017). What triggers imposter phenomenon among academic faculty? A critical incident study exploring antecedents, coping, and development opportunities. Human Resource Development International, 20(3), 194-214.
  • Johnson, R. A. ve Wichern, D. W. (1998). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. 4th Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
  • Karababa, A. (2012). Psikolojik danışmanlarda olumlu mükemmelliyetçilik ve olumsuz mükemmelliyetçilik düzeylerinin iş doyumu ve yaşam doyumunu yordamadaki rolü [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi.
  • Kelly, J. D. (2015). Your best life: Perfectionism—The bane of happiness. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 473, 3108-3111.
  • Kinman, G. ve Grant, L. (2022). Being ‘good enough’: Perfectionism and well-being in social workers. The British Journal of Social Work, 52(7), 4171-4188.
  • Klibert, J. J., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. ve Saito, M. (2005). Adaptive and maladaptive aspects of self-oriented versus socially prescribed perfectionism. Journal of College Student Development, 46(2), 141-156.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
  • Kolligian Jr, J. ve Sternberg, R. J. (1991). Perceived Fraudulence in Young Adults: Is There an’Imposter Syndrome’? Journal of Personality Assessment, 56(2), 308-326.
  • Kumar, S. ve Jagacinski, C. M. (2006). Imposters have goals too: The imposter phenomenon and its relationship to achievement goal theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(1), 147-157.
  • Langford, J. ve Clance, P. R. (1993). The imposter phenomenon: Recent research findings regarding dynamics, personality and family patterns and their implications for treatment. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 30(3), 495.
  • Leary, M. R., Patton, K. M., Orlando, A. E. ve Wagoner Funk, W. (2000). The impostor phenomenon: Self-perceptions, reflected appraisals, and interpersonal strategies. Journal of Personality, 68(4), 725-756.
  • Levine, S. L. ve Milyavskaya, M. (2018). Domain-specific perfectionism: An examination of perfectionism beyond the trait-level and its link to well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 74, 56-65.
  • Liu, L., Han, Y., Lu, Z., Cao, C. ve Wang, W. (2022). The relationship between perfectionism and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students: The mediating roles of self-compassion and impostor syndrome. Current Psychology, 1-9.
  • McClain, S., Beasley, S. T., Jones, B., Awosogba, O., Jackson, S. ve Cokley, K. (2016). An examination of the impact of racial and ethnic identity, impostor feelings, and minority status stress on the mental health of Black college students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 44(2), 101-117.
  • McGregor, L. N., Gee, D. E. ve Posey, K. E. (2008). I feel like a fraud and it depresses me: The relation between the imposter phenomenon and depression. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 36(1), 43-48.
  • Miller, A. L. ve Speirs Neumeister, K. L. (2017). The influence of personality, parenting styles, and perfectionism on performance goal orientation in high ability students. Journal of Advanced Academics, 28(4), 313-344.
  • Nelson-Jones, R. (2010). Theory and practice of counselling and therapy. Sage.
  • Newman, B. N., Strickler, J. G., O’brien, C., Lui, T. ve Lynch, M. (2019). Deconstructing perfectionism in college students: Patterns of behavior, emotion, and cognition. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 106-111.
  • Özdemir, G. (2015). Başarılarımın sahibi ben değilim: Sosyal kimlik, sosyal baskınlık ve sistemi meşrulaştırma kuramları perspektifinden sahtekâr fenomeni [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Uludağ Üniversitesi.
  • Parkman, A. (2016). The imposter phenomenon in higher education: Incidence and impact. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 16(1), 51.
  • Peteet, B. J., Montgomery, L. ve Weekes, J. C. (2015). Predictors of imposter phenomenon among talented ethnic minority undergraduate students. The Journal of Negro Education, 84(2), 175-186.
  • Polach, J. L. (2004). Understanding the experience of college graduates during their first year of employment. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(1), 5-23.
  • Rohrmann, S., Bechtoldt, M. N. ve Leonhardt, M. (2016). Validation of the impostor phenomenon among managers. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 821.
  • Sakulku, J. ve Alexander, J. (2011). The imposter syndrome. International Journal of Behavioral Science, 6(1), 75-97.
  • Sanford, A. A., Ross, E. M. R. M., Blake, S. J. ve Cambiano, R. L. (2015). Finding courage and confirmation: Resisting impostor feelings through relationships with mentors, romantic partners, and other women in leadership. Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, 35, 31-41.
  • Sapmaz, F. (2006). Üniversite öğrencilerinin uyumlu ve uyumsuz mükemmelliyetçilik özelliklerinin psikolojik belirti düzeyleri açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • Saruhan, Ş. C. ve Özdemirci, A. (2011). Bilim, felsefe ve metodoloji: Araştırmada yöntem problemi-SPSS uygulamalı. Beta.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. ve Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • September, A. N., McCarrey, M., Baranowsky, A., Parent, C. ve Schindler, D. (2001). The relation between well-being, impostor feelings, and gender role orientation among Canadian university students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 141(2), 218-232.
  • Shcherbakova, J. G. (2001). Moderating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between perfectionism and depression among college students. Mississippi State University.
  • Skinner, B. F. (1975). Comment on Watts’s “BF Skinner and the Technological Control of Social Behavior”. American Political Science Review, 69(1), 228-229.
  • Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J. ve Ashby, J. S. (2001). The revised almost perfect scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34(3), 130-145.
  • Stoeber, J. ve Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295-319.
  • Stoeber, J. ve Stoeber, F. S. (2009). Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 530-535.
  • Stone, S., Saucer, C., Bailey, M., Garba, R., Hurst, A., Jackson, S. M., Krueger, N. ve Cokley, K. (2018). Learning while Black: A culturally informed model of the impostor phenomenon for Black graduate students. Journal of Black Psychology, 44(6), 491-531.
  • Suh, H., Gnilka, P. B. ve Rice, K. G. (2017). Perfectionism and well-being: A positive psychology framework. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 25-30.
  • Teber, D. (2021). Mükemmeliyetçilik ve işkolik olma durumunun psikolojik iyi olma haline etkisi: Bir alan çalışması.
  • Thomas, M., ve Bigatti, S. (2020). Perfectionism, impostor phenomenon, and mental health in medicine: A literature review. International Journal of Medical Education, 11, 201.
  • Thompson, T., Davis, H. ve Davidson, J. (1998). Attributional and affective responses of impostors to academic success and failure outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 381-396.
  • Thompson, T., Foreman, P. ve Martin, F. (2000). Impostor fears and perfectionistic concern over mistakes. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(4), 629-647.
  • Topping, M. E. ve Kimmel, E. B. (1985). The imposter phenomenon: Feeling phony. Academic Psychology Bulletin.
  • Ural, A., ve Kılıç, İ. (2006). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1996). Happy life-expectancy: A comprehensive measure of quality-of-life in nations. Social Indicators Research, 39, 1-58.
  • Vergauwe, J., Wille, B., Feys, M., De Fruyt, F. ve Anseel, F. (2015). Fear of being exposed: The trait-relatedness of the impostor phenomenon and its relevance in the work context. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(3), 565-581.
  • Wang, K. T., Sheveleva, M. S. ve Permyakova, T. M. (2019). Imposter syndrome among Russian students: The link between perfectionism and psychological distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 143, 1-6.
  • Want, J. ve Kleitman, S. (2006). Imposter phenomenon and self-handicapping: Links with parenting styles and self-confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(5), 961-971.
  • Yalvaç Arıcı, H. (2020). Mutluluk tarihi. Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9, 217-243.
  • Young, V. (2011). The secret thoughts of successful women: Why capable people suffer from the impostor syndrome and how to thrive in spite of it. Currency.
Toplam 98 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Begüm Yalçın 0000-0002-3149-4854

Rukiye Çelik 0000-0002-2538-0228

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 42

Kaynak Göster

APA Yalçın, B., & Çelik, R. (2024). Başarının Önündeki Engeller: Mükemmeliyetçi Kişilik Yapısının İşyeri Mutluluğu Üzerindeki Etkisinde Entelektüel Sahtekârlık Fenomeninin Aracılık Rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 15(42), 463-482. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1286986

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