Comparison Materials of Bumper Beams for Passenger Cars Using Crash Analyses

Abstract

Frontal accidents, which account for most of the accident types to which passenger vehicles are subjected, emphasize the bumper component. The vehicle's radiator, cooling system, engine, and other components are all protected by the bumper part, thus it needs to be a part that can give safety and great energy absorption to stop any impacts. The material and design of the item are the two most crucial factors that must be improved to offer safety and maximum energy absorption. The goal of using less energy is to employ appropriate design and materials and provide transportation and consumption sites. Within the framework of this study, material optimization employing various materials and collision simulation analyses were done to maximize the collision endurance of the cars. The mesh structure was obtained using the Hypermesh tool, and the part design was produced using Catia V5. The simulation outputs were examined using Oasys-Suite, while the simulations themselves were examined using Ansys Ls-Dyna. Force-moment-time graphs, deformation, and stress data of the materials were obtained. According to the obtained results, the material expressed as MAT1 gave better results compared to the material expressed as MAT2 in terms of the material's resistance to deformation and its capacity to absorb impact energy.

Keywords

• Bumper
• Crashworthiness
• Safety
• Steel Materials

Yolcu Araçları için Tampon Kirişlerinin Çarpışma Analizleri ile Malzeme Karşılaştırması

Öz

Yolcu araçlarının maruz kaldığı kazaların büyük bir kısmını oluşturan önden çarpışmalar, tampon bileşeninin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Tampon, aracın radyatörü, soğutma sistemi, motoru ve diğer bileşenlerini korumaktadır. Bu nedenle, tamponun çarpışma etkilerini durdurabilecek güvenlik sağlayan ve yüksek enerji emilim kapasitesine sahip bir bileşen olması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, güvenlik ve maksimum enerji emilimi sağlamak için en kritik iki faktör, bileşenin malzeme seçimi ve tasarımıdır. Enerji tüketimini azaltma hedefi doğrultusunda uygun tasarım ve malzemelerin kullanımı, taşıma ve tüketim noktalarına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, araçların çarpışma dayanımını en üst düzeye çıkarmak amacıyla çeşitli malzemeler kullanılarak malzeme optimizasyonu yapılmış ve çarpışma simülasyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Parça tasarımı Catia V5 yazılımı kullanılarak oluşturulmuş, ağ yapısı Hypermesh aracı ile elde edilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçları Oasys-Suite yazılımı ile analiz edilmiş, simülasyonların kendisi ise Ansys Ls-Dyna kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu süreçte malzemelere ait kuvvet-moment-zaman grafikleri, deformasyon ve gerilme verileri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, MAT1 olarak ifade edilen malzeme, MAT2 olarak ifade edilen malzemeye kıyasla deformasyona direnç ve darbe enerjisini emme kapasitesi açısından daha iyi performans göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tampon
• Çarpışma Dayanımı
• Güvenlik
• Çelik Malzemeler

Kaynakça

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