Evaluation of Yield, Quality, and Micronutrient Traits of Colored Wheat Genotypes

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the biofortification potential of purple pericarp and blue aleurone wheat genotypes in terms of yield, technological quality, and micronutrient content under irrigated Central Anatolian conditions. Ten colored wheat genotypes along with two commercial varieties (Altındane and Esperia) were tested at two locations (Konya Central and Gözlü) using a randomized complete block design with four replications. In addition to yield performance, technological quality traits (thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content, Zeleny sedimentation, kernel hardness, starch, total phenolic content, dietary fiber, and alveograph energy) were analyzed. Micronutrient contents (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg) were determined by ICP-MS in selected genotypes (Selçuklu Mavisi, Çatalhöyük Kırmızısı, Altındane, Esperia). Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic and locational effects on grain yield (P<0.01). The highest average yields were recorded for Esperia (672.3 kg/da), Altındane (620.2 kg/da), and Selçuklu Mavisi (580.0 kg/da). Selçuklu Mavisi stood out with high alveograph energy (249.7 J) and Zeleny sedimentation (41.0 mL). Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between protein and starch (r=-0.82) and a positive relationship between protein and total phenolic content (r=0.68). PCA analysis indicated that Esperia and Selçuklu Mavisi shared a similar technological quality profile. Micronutrient analyses revealed that Selçuklu Mavisi had a zinc content of 46.6 ppm, approximately twice that of commercial varieties. This value exceeds that of Akbar-19 (38.4 ppm), a biofortified variety widely cultivated in Pakistan. In conclusion, the Selçuklu Mavisi genotype combines high yield, superior technological quality, and remarkable micronutrient content, offering significant potential as a genetic resource in colored wheat breeding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Colored wheat
• Biofortification
• Zinc
• Selçuklu Mavisi
• Technological quality

Destekleyen Kurum

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM)

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/Ü/22/A7/P1/5920

Etik Beyan

Since plant material (wheat genotypes) was used in this study, there is no research requiring ethics committee approval. The colored wheat genotypes used in this study were developed within the scope of the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) and do not contain any genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Throughout the research process, scientific ethical principles and national/international legal regulations were fully complied with. There is no conflict of interest among the authors.

Renkli Buğday Genotiplerinde Verim, Kalite ve Mikro Besin Elementi Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, mor perikarplı ve mavi aleuronlu buğday genotiplerinin sulama koşullarında verim, teknolojik kalite ve mikro element içerikleri bakımından biyolojik zenginleştirme potansiyellerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. On renkli buğday genotipi ile iki ticari çeşit (Altındane ve Esperia), iki lokasyonda (Konya Merkez ve Gözlü) tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak test edilmiştir. Verim performanslarının yanı sıra, teknolojik kalite özellikleri (bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı, Zeleny sedimentasyon, tane sertliği, nişasta, toplam fenolik madde, diyet lif ve alveograf enerjisi) analiz edilmiştir. Seçilen genotiplerde (Selçuklu Mavisi, Çatalhöyük Kırmızısı, Altındane, Esperia) mikro element (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg) içerikleri ICP-MS ile belirlenmiştir. Varyans analizi, tane verimi üzerinde genotip ve lokasyon etkilerinin önemli olduğunu göstermiştir (P<0.01). En yüksek ortalama verim Esperia (672.3 kg/da), Altındane (620.2 kg/da) ve Selçuklu Mavisi'nde (580.0 kg/da) kaydedilmiştir. Selçuklu Mavisi, yüksek alveograf enerji (249.7 J) ve Zeleny sedimentasyon (41.0 ml) ile öne çıkmıştır. Korelasyon analizi, protein ile nişasta arasında negatif (r = -0.82), protein ile toplam fenolik içerik arasında pozitif (r = 0.68) ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. PCA analizi, Esperia ve Selçuklu Mavisi'nin benzer teknolojik kalite profiline sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Mikro element analizleri, Selçuklu Mavisi'nin 46.6 ppm çinko içeriği ile ticari çeşitlerin yaklaşık iki katı değere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu değer, Pakistan'da yaygın olarak yetiştirilen biyolojik zenginleştirilmiş Akbar-19 çeşidinin (38.4 ppm) üzerindedir. Sonuç olarak, Selçuklu Mavisi genotipi, yüksek verim, üstün teknolojik kalite ve dikkat çekici mikro element içeriğini bir araya getirerek renkli buğday ıslahında önemli bir genetik kaynak potansiyeli sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Renkli buğday
• Biyolojik zenginleştirme
• Çinko
• Selçuklu Mavisi
• Teknolojik kalite

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/Ü/22/A7/P1/5920

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada bitkisel materyal (buğday genotipleri) kullanıldığından, etik kurul izni gerektiren bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan renkli buğday genotipleri, Uluslararası Kışlık Buğday Islah Programı (IWWIP) kapsamında geliştirilmiş olup, herhangi bir genetiği değiştirilmiş organizma (GDO) içermemektedir. Araştırma sürecinde bilimsel etik ilkelerine ve ulusal/uluslararası yasal düzenlemelere tamamen uyulmuştur. Yazarlar arasında herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.

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