Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Practice and Legitimacy of Misyār Marriage: A Critical Analysis within Islamic Law

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 254 - 270, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2023.9.2.06

Öz

The family, as an institution dating back to the dawn of humanity, holds a paramount position in the lives of individuals from birth to death, providing them with initial education, guidance, and emotional support. In Islamic jurisprudence, the family is esteemed as a sacred sanctuary akin to a protective fortress. Islamic law places significant emphasis on the family, establishing meticulous and dependable provisions that safeguard the interests of all parties involved, preserving their rights, and ensuring the continuity of generations to foster the establishment and endurance of this vital institution. At the heart of the family unit lies the institution of marriage, which is the foundation upon which society's foundation is built. Families founded upon sturdy ethical principles and values are better equipped to fulfill their expected roles and contribute positively to the broader community. In contrast, families with frail foundations and unstable dynamics can become a burden not only to the family itself but also to the community, ultimately affecting the well-being of individuals within them. In light of these considerations, it becomes imperative to investigate and scrutinize the practice of "misyār marriage," a phenomenon that has gained prominence, particularly in Gulf nations. It has shown inclinations to spread to other Islamic states. This form of marriage has sparked discussions and debates regarding its compatibility with Islamic jurisprudence and its harmony with the desires of individuals under specific conditions. This study aims to unveil the similarities and divergences between misyār marriages and traditional marriages practiced in society, emphasizing examining their legitimacy within the framework of the conditional theory of Islamic family law. Despite historical gaps in understanding this practice, our study aims to evaluate misyār unions compared to established matrimonial norms, shedding light on their dynamics, implications, and societal significance. The research delves deep into contemporary Islamic contexts. It thoroughly examines references from the Qur'an, the Sunnah (traditions and practices) of the Prophet Muhammad, and the opinions of classical and modern Islamic scholars. Throughout this extensive inquiry, the study maintains a critical yet impartial stance in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by misyār marriage. Furthermore, it seeks to provide an outlook based on conditional theory for assessing the genuineness and validity of misyar marriages in challenging situations, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the distinct dynamics and consequences associated with such unions. This research strives to advance the understanding of the merits and demerits of misyar marriages within Muslim societies. Additionally, it aims to foster constructive discourse and deliberate reflection on the intricacies of Islamic family structures and relationships. Ultimately, this research serves as a bridge, connecting Sharia principles, the perspectives of Islamic scholars, and the evolving landscape of contemporary society, thus enabling a more profound grasp of the adverse effects of misyar marriages rather than their short-term benefits.

Kaynakça

  • Abū Zahrah, Muḥammad. Uṣūl Al-Fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī, 1997.
  • Aḥmad, Bilāl. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Ḥall Qadīm Li-Mushkilat Jadīdah.” Majallat Al-Mujtamaʻ (September 1997), 37-49.
  • Al, Khalīj Online. “Aṭfāl Al-Misyār Bi-al-Saʻūdīyah Fatīl Qunbulat Mudammirah Yuāṣil Alishtʻāl” (2 December 2019). https://alkhaleejonline.net
  • Ali, Arif. “Zawāj al-Misyār: Ruʼyah Islāmīyah.” Tajdid IIUM 13 (February 2003), 127–156.
  • Maeena, Tariq. “License to Have Multiple Partners without Much Responsibility.” Saudi Gazette (10 September 2019). https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/576887
  • Nasr, Tofol Jassim. “Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Women and Misyar Marriage: Evolution and Progress in the Arabian Gulf.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 12/3 (March 2011), 43–57.
  • Anīs, Ibrāhīm et al. Al-Muʻjam al-Wasīṭ. Cairo: Dār al-Daʻwah, 4th Ed., 2004.
  • Ashqar, Usāmah ʻUmar Sulaymān. Mustajaddāt Fiqhīyah Fī Qaḍāyā Al-Zawāj Wa-al-Ṭalāq. Jordan: Dār al-Nafāʼis, 1st Ed., 2012.
  • Barakāt. “ʻĀṣifat Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Waṭan al-ʻArabī 1111 (June1998), 17-30.
  • Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʻAlī al-. Sunan Al-Bayhaqī al-Kubrá. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Dardīr, Abū al-Barakāt Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Al-Sharḥ al-Ṣaghīr ʻalá Aqrāb al-Masālik Ilā Madhhab al-Imām Mālik. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻārif, 2008.
  • Dimashqī, ʻIrfān ibn Salīm al-ʻAshshā Ḥassūnah al-. Nikāḥ Al-Misyār Wa-Aḥkām al-Ankiḥah al-Muḥarramah. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʻAṣrīyah, 2003.
  • Fayrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb. Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 8th Ed., 2005.
  • Gharnāṭī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Juzayy al-. Al-Qawānīn al-Fiqhīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2013.
  • Green, Emma. “The Debate over Muslim College Students Getting Secret Marriages.” The New Yorker (9 September 2022). https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/the-debate-over-muslim-college-students-getting-secret-marriages
  • Günay, Mehmet Günay. Gizli Evlilik, Misyar Nikâhı ve Tescil Edilmeyen Nikâhlar Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-V İbadetler ve Aile Hayatı İle İlgili Meseleler. Ankara: DİB Yayınları, 2014.
  • Ibn Abī Shaybah, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. Al-Kitāb al-Muṣannaf Fī al-Aḥādīth Wa-al-Āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Tāj, 1989.
  • Ibn Mājah, Muḥammad Ibn Yazīd al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī Abū ʻAbd Allāh. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Egypt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Kutub al-ʻArabīyah, 1999.
  • Ibn Taymīyah, Abū al-ʿAbbās Taqī ad-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm. Bayān Al-Dalīl ʻalā Buṭlān al-Taḥlīl. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1998.
  • Irāqī, Buthaynah al-Sayyid al-ʻ. Asrār Fī Ḥayāt Alʻānsāt. Riyadh: Dār Ṭuwayq, 1417.
  • Kāsānī, Abū Bakr ibn Masʻūd al-. Badāʼiʻ Al-Ṣanāʼiʻ Fī Tartīb al-Sharāʼiʻ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Khālid, Abdullah. “Zawāj Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Mujtama 49 (May 1997), 21-32.
  • Köse, Saffet. “Misyâr Nikâhı -Kur’ân ve Sünnetin Çizdiği Aile Modeli Çerçevesinde Bir Yaklaşım.” İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 (April 2009), 13–34.
  • Lodi, Mushtaq. Islam and the West: The Clash Between Islamism and Secularism. Texas-USA: Strategic Book Publishing, 2011.
  • Maloko, M. Tahir. “Unregistered Marriage in Islamic Law Perspective: A Critical Study of Islamic Law Compilation.” Al-Mawarid Journal of Islamic Law 15/1 (August 2015), 49–68.
  • MU, Muwāṭin. “Baʻda ʻarḍ Musalsal ‘Ḍaḥāyā Ḥallāl ’ Hal Ghayyarat al-Saʻūdīyah Naẓratuhā Tujāha Zawāj al-Misyār?” (23 January 2023).
  • Muṭlaq, ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-. Al-Zawāj al-ʻurfī Dākhil al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah Wa-Khārijihā Dirāsah Fiqhīyah Wa-Ijtimāʻīyah Naqdīyah. Saudi Arabia: Dār al-ʻĀṣimah, 2006.
  • Muṭlaq, ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-. Kitāb Zawāj Al-Misyār Dirāsah Fiqhīyah Wa-Ijtimāʻīyah Naqdīyah. Saudi Arabia: Dār Ibn Laʻbūn lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1st Ed., 1423.
  • Nesāʼī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn Shuʻayb Abū ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-. Sunan Al-Nisāʼī al-Kubrā. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 2001.
  • Qaradāghī, ʻAlī Muḥyī al-Dīn. “Al-Misyār Bayna al-Muʼayyad Wa-al-Muʻāriḍ.” Majallat Al-Farḥah 24 (September 1998), 1-24.
  • Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al-. “Al-Misyār Bayna al-Muʼayyad (al-Muʼayyid) Wa-al-Muʻāriḍ.” Majallat Al-Farḥah.
  • Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al-. “Ḥawla Zawāj Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Mujtamaʻ al-Kuwaytīyah 13/1 (May 1997), 1-19.
  • Ibn Qudāmah, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. Al-Mughnī. Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub. 7 Volume. Beirut: Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1997.
  • Rifāī, Manṣūr ʻUbayd al-. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Irṭibāṭ Ghayr Kāmil Tubīḥuh al-Ḍarūrah.” Al-Taṣawwuf al-Islāmī 6 (June 1998).
  • RT, Russia Today. “‘al-Misyār’ Yulqá Rawjā Fī al-Saʻūdīyah Raghma Muʻāriḍīhi” (4 July 2021). https://arabic.rt.com/society/1248485
  • Samarqandī, Abū Bakr ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Aḥmad al-,. Tuḥfat Al-Fuqahāʼ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1984.
  • Sharīf, Muḥammad al-. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Bidʻah Jadīdah.” Ṣaḥīfat Al-Waṭan al-Kuwaytīyah (26 January 1998).
  • Shīrāzī, Ibrāhīm ibn ʻAlī ibn Yūsuf al-. Al-Tanbīh Fī al-Fiqh al-Shāfiʻī. Beirut: ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1983.
  • Shirbīnī, al-Khaṭīb. Mughnī Al-Muḥtāj Il ā Maʻrifat Maʻānī Alfāẓ al-Minhāj. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1997.
  • TAW, The Arab Weekly. “Saudi Arabia Confronts the Rise of ‘misyar’ Marriage in a Changing Society.” (5 July 2021). https://thearabweekly.com/saudi-arabia-confronts-rise-misyar-marriage-changing-society
  • Thomas, Justin. “Traditional ‘temporary Marriages’ Are Now a Permanent Problem.” The National (1 February 2013). https://www.thenationalnews.com/traditional-temporary-marriages-are-now-a-permanent-problem-1.316300
  • Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsā ibn ibn Mūsá al-. Sunan Al-Tirmidhī. Saudi Arabia: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1996.
  • Wynn, Lisa L. “‘Like a Virgin’: Hymenoplasty and Secret Marriage in Egypt.” Medical Anthropology 35/6547–559 (March 2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2016.1143822
  • Zarqā, Muṣṭafá Aḥmad al-. Al-Madkhal al-Fiqhī al-ʻāmm. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 2004.
  • Zarrāz, Yūsuf. “Nikāḥ Al-Misyār ʻAẓm al-Shubuhāt Wa-Fitnat al-Shahawāt.” Jarīdat Al-Sharq al-Awsaṭ (24 June 1998), 3.
  • Zuḥaylī, Muḥammad al-. Al-Naẓarīyāt al-Fiqhīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1993.

زواج المسيار: تحليل نقدي لشرعيته من منظور الشريعة الإسلامية

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 254 - 270, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2023.9.2.06

Öz

الأسرة هي مؤسسة أساسية في الإنسانية، وقد تأرجحت مكانتها في الثقافات والمجتمعات عبر العصور. إنها المؤسسة التي تقوم بدور حيوي في حياة الأفراد منذ ولادتهم حتى لحظة وفاتهم. فهي تقدم لهم الرعاية والدعم الأولي، وتزودهم بالتوجيه والمساعدة العاطفية في مراحلهم المختلفة. وفي الفقه الإسلامي، تعتبر الأسرة من أقدس المؤسسات وأهمها، حيث تُنظر إليها كملاذ مقدس وحصن وقائي لأفرادها. تكمن أهمية الأسرة في تأسيس قواعد الحياة الاجتماعية والأخلاقية في المجتمع، وفي توجيه الأفراد نحو القيم والأخلاق الصحيحة. والشريعة الإسلامية تُولي اهتمامًا كبيرًا لهذه المؤسسة الحيوية، فتضع أحكامًا دقيقة وموثوقة تحمي مصالح جميع أفراد الأسرة وتضمن استمراريتها. ومن جهة أخرى، تعتبر مؤسسة الزواج أحد أسس الأسرة، حيث يُعتبر الزواج في الإسلام عقدًا شرعيًا يقوم على الحب والرحمة والاحترام المتبادل بين الزوجين. إن الأسر التي تقوم على قيم أخلاقية صحيحة تصبح أكثر استدامة وقوة، وتستطيع تحقيق أهدافها ومسؤولياتها في المجتمع بفعالية أكبر. على الجانب الآخر، إذا كانت الأسرة تعاني من ضعف في القيم والأخلاق أو من ديناميات غير مستقرة، فإنها قد تصبح عبئًا على أفرادها وعلى المجتمع بشكل عام. هذا يؤثر في رفاهية الأفراد ويمكن أن يؤدي إلى تفكك الأسرة وتدهور العلاقات الاجتماعية. وفي هذا السياق، نجد أن "زواج المسيار" أو "الزواج المختلف" أو "الزواج المنقطع" قد أثيرت حوله العديد من النقاشات والمجادلات في الوقت الحالي. إنها ظاهرة انتشرت بشكل كبير في دول الخليج واجتاحت أيضًا بعض الدول الإسلامية الأخرى. هذا الشكل من أشكال الزواج أثار تساؤلات حول مدى توافقه مع الشريعة الإسلامية وما إذا كان يلبي رغبات وتطلعات الأفراد في ظل الظروف الاجتماعية المعينة. يهدف هذا البحث الشامل إلى تسليط الضوء على زواج المسيار ومقارنته بالزواج التقليدي، مع التركيز على استكشاف شرعيته من خلال نظرية المشروطات. يستند البحث إلى القرآن الكريم وسنة النبي محمد وآراء العلماء الإسلاميين الكلاسيكيين والحديثين. يهدف البحث إلى تقديم فهم شامل لزواج المسيار وتسليط الضوء على ديناميكياته وآثاره وأهميته المجتمعية. إن البحث يأخذ بعين الاعتبار التحديات المتعددة التي يفرضها زواج المسيار ويحافظ على موقف نقدي ومحايد في معالجة هذه التحديات. الهدف النهائي من البحث هو توفير فهم شامل لزواج المسيار والمساهمة في توجيه الحوار حوله بطريقة استنارية ودقيقة داخل المجتمع الإسلامي الواسع. يسعى البحث أيضًا إلى سد الفجوة بين تعاليم الشريعة وأحكام علماء الإسلام والواقع الاجتماعي المعاصر. في النهاية، يهدف إلى تعزيز فهم المسلمين لزواج المسيار وتعزيز الحوار البناء حوله ضمن الهيكل الثقافي والاجتماعي للأسرة الإسلامية.

Kaynakça

  • Abū Zahrah, Muḥammad. Uṣūl Al-Fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī, 1997.
  • Aḥmad, Bilāl. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Ḥall Qadīm Li-Mushkilat Jadīdah.” Majallat Al-Mujtamaʻ (September 1997), 37-49.
  • Al, Khalīj Online. “Aṭfāl Al-Misyār Bi-al-Saʻūdīyah Fatīl Qunbulat Mudammirah Yuāṣil Alishtʻāl” (2 December 2019). https://alkhaleejonline.net
  • Ali, Arif. “Zawāj al-Misyār: Ruʼyah Islāmīyah.” Tajdid IIUM 13 (February 2003), 127–156.
  • Maeena, Tariq. “License to Have Multiple Partners without Much Responsibility.” Saudi Gazette (10 September 2019). https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/576887
  • Nasr, Tofol Jassim. “Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Women and Misyar Marriage: Evolution and Progress in the Arabian Gulf.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 12/3 (March 2011), 43–57.
  • Anīs, Ibrāhīm et al. Al-Muʻjam al-Wasīṭ. Cairo: Dār al-Daʻwah, 4th Ed., 2004.
  • Ashqar, Usāmah ʻUmar Sulaymān. Mustajaddāt Fiqhīyah Fī Qaḍāyā Al-Zawāj Wa-al-Ṭalāq. Jordan: Dār al-Nafāʼis, 1st Ed., 2012.
  • Barakāt. “ʻĀṣifat Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Waṭan al-ʻArabī 1111 (June1998), 17-30.
  • Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʻAlī al-. Sunan Al-Bayhaqī al-Kubrá. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Dardīr, Abū al-Barakāt Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Al-Sharḥ al-Ṣaghīr ʻalá Aqrāb al-Masālik Ilā Madhhab al-Imām Mālik. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻārif, 2008.
  • Dimashqī, ʻIrfān ibn Salīm al-ʻAshshā Ḥassūnah al-. Nikāḥ Al-Misyār Wa-Aḥkām al-Ankiḥah al-Muḥarramah. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʻAṣrīyah, 2003.
  • Fayrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb. Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 8th Ed., 2005.
  • Gharnāṭī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Juzayy al-. Al-Qawānīn al-Fiqhīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2013.
  • Green, Emma. “The Debate over Muslim College Students Getting Secret Marriages.” The New Yorker (9 September 2022). https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/the-debate-over-muslim-college-students-getting-secret-marriages
  • Günay, Mehmet Günay. Gizli Evlilik, Misyar Nikâhı ve Tescil Edilmeyen Nikâhlar Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-V İbadetler ve Aile Hayatı İle İlgili Meseleler. Ankara: DİB Yayınları, 2014.
  • Ibn Abī Shaybah, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. Al-Kitāb al-Muṣannaf Fī al-Aḥādīth Wa-al-Āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Tāj, 1989.
  • Ibn Mājah, Muḥammad Ibn Yazīd al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī Abū ʻAbd Allāh. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Egypt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Kutub al-ʻArabīyah, 1999.
  • Ibn Taymīyah, Abū al-ʿAbbās Taqī ad-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm. Bayān Al-Dalīl ʻalā Buṭlān al-Taḥlīl. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1998.
  • Irāqī, Buthaynah al-Sayyid al-ʻ. Asrār Fī Ḥayāt Alʻānsāt. Riyadh: Dār Ṭuwayq, 1417.
  • Kāsānī, Abū Bakr ibn Masʻūd al-. Badāʼiʻ Al-Ṣanāʼiʻ Fī Tartīb al-Sharāʼiʻ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Khālid, Abdullah. “Zawāj Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Mujtama 49 (May 1997), 21-32.
  • Köse, Saffet. “Misyâr Nikâhı -Kur’ân ve Sünnetin Çizdiği Aile Modeli Çerçevesinde Bir Yaklaşım.” İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 (April 2009), 13–34.
  • Lodi, Mushtaq. Islam and the West: The Clash Between Islamism and Secularism. Texas-USA: Strategic Book Publishing, 2011.
  • Maloko, M. Tahir. “Unregistered Marriage in Islamic Law Perspective: A Critical Study of Islamic Law Compilation.” Al-Mawarid Journal of Islamic Law 15/1 (August 2015), 49–68.
  • MU, Muwāṭin. “Baʻda ʻarḍ Musalsal ‘Ḍaḥāyā Ḥallāl ’ Hal Ghayyarat al-Saʻūdīyah Naẓratuhā Tujāha Zawāj al-Misyār?” (23 January 2023).
  • Muṭlaq, ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-. Al-Zawāj al-ʻurfī Dākhil al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah Wa-Khārijihā Dirāsah Fiqhīyah Wa-Ijtimāʻīyah Naqdīyah. Saudi Arabia: Dār al-ʻĀṣimah, 2006.
  • Muṭlaq, ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-. Kitāb Zawāj Al-Misyār Dirāsah Fiqhīyah Wa-Ijtimāʻīyah Naqdīyah. Saudi Arabia: Dār Ibn Laʻbūn lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1st Ed., 1423.
  • Nesāʼī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn Shuʻayb Abū ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-. Sunan Al-Nisāʼī al-Kubrā. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 2001.
  • Qaradāghī, ʻAlī Muḥyī al-Dīn. “Al-Misyār Bayna al-Muʼayyad Wa-al-Muʻāriḍ.” Majallat Al-Farḥah 24 (September 1998), 1-24.
  • Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al-. “Al-Misyār Bayna al-Muʼayyad (al-Muʼayyid) Wa-al-Muʻāriḍ.” Majallat Al-Farḥah.
  • Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al-. “Ḥawla Zawāj Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Mujtamaʻ al-Kuwaytīyah 13/1 (May 1997), 1-19.
  • Ibn Qudāmah, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. Al-Mughnī. Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub. 7 Volume. Beirut: Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1997.
  • Rifāī, Manṣūr ʻUbayd al-. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Irṭibāṭ Ghayr Kāmil Tubīḥuh al-Ḍarūrah.” Al-Taṣawwuf al-Islāmī 6 (June 1998).
  • RT, Russia Today. “‘al-Misyār’ Yulqá Rawjā Fī al-Saʻūdīyah Raghma Muʻāriḍīhi” (4 July 2021). https://arabic.rt.com/society/1248485
  • Samarqandī, Abū Bakr ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Aḥmad al-,. Tuḥfat Al-Fuqahāʼ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1984.
  • Sharīf, Muḥammad al-. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Bidʻah Jadīdah.” Ṣaḥīfat Al-Waṭan al-Kuwaytīyah (26 January 1998).
  • Shīrāzī, Ibrāhīm ibn ʻAlī ibn Yūsuf al-. Al-Tanbīh Fī al-Fiqh al-Shāfiʻī. Beirut: ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1983.
  • Shirbīnī, al-Khaṭīb. Mughnī Al-Muḥtāj Il ā Maʻrifat Maʻānī Alfāẓ al-Minhāj. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1997.
  • TAW, The Arab Weekly. “Saudi Arabia Confronts the Rise of ‘misyar’ Marriage in a Changing Society.” (5 July 2021). https://thearabweekly.com/saudi-arabia-confronts-rise-misyar-marriage-changing-society
  • Thomas, Justin. “Traditional ‘temporary Marriages’ Are Now a Permanent Problem.” The National (1 February 2013). https://www.thenationalnews.com/traditional-temporary-marriages-are-now-a-permanent-problem-1.316300
  • Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsā ibn ibn Mūsá al-. Sunan Al-Tirmidhī. Saudi Arabia: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1996.
  • Wynn, Lisa L. “‘Like a Virgin’: Hymenoplasty and Secret Marriage in Egypt.” Medical Anthropology 35/6547–559 (March 2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2016.1143822
  • Zarqā, Muṣṭafá Aḥmad al-. Al-Madkhal al-Fiqhī al-ʻāmm. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 2004.
  • Zarrāz, Yūsuf. “Nikāḥ Al-Misyār ʻAẓm al-Shubuhāt Wa-Fitnat al-Shahawāt.” Jarīdat Al-Sharq al-Awsaṭ (24 June 1998), 3.
  • Zuḥaylī, Muḥammad al-. Al-Naẓarīyāt al-Fiqhīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1993.

Misyār Evliliğinin Uygulaması ve Meşruiyeti: İslam Hukukunda Eleştirel Bir Analiz

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 254 - 270, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2023.9.2.06

Öz

Aile, insanlık tarihinde kökleri derinlere uzanan ve bireylerin doğumundan ölümüne kadar yaşamlarının merkezinde yer alan önemli bir kurumdur. Bu kurum, bireylere hayatları boyunca temel eğitim, rehberlik ve duygusal destek sağlayarak onların gelişimine katkıda bulunur. İslam hukukunda ise aile, koruyucu bir kale gibi kabul edilen kutsal bir mabet olarak yüceltilir. İslam hukuku, aileye büyük bir değer atfeder ve ilgili tüm tarafların çıkarlarını koruyan, haklarını güvence altına alan ve nesillerin devamlılığını teşvik eden titiz ve güvenilir hükümler getirir. Toplumun temelini atan evlilik kurumu, ailenin temel yapı taşıdır. Bu aileler, sağlam etik değerler ve ilkeler üzerine kuruludur ve toplumun beklentilerine uygun hareket ederek daha büyük topluma olumlu katkılarda bulunmaya daha yatkındır. Ancak, zayıf temellere sahip ve istikrarsız dinamiklere sahip aileler, yalnızca aile üyeleri için değil, aynı zamanda toplum için de bir yük olabilir ve sonunda aile içindeki bireylerin refahını etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle, aile kurumu sağlam ve istikrarlı bir temel üzerine inşa edilmelidir, çünkü bu, hem bireylerin hem de toplumun genel refahını etkileyen kritik bir faktördür. Bu bağlamda, özellikle Körfez ülkelerinde yaygınlaşan ve diğer İslam toplumlarına da etki etmeye başlayan "misyar nikahı" uygulamasının daha fazla araştırılması ve derinlemesine analiz edilmesi kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Bu tür evliliğin İslam hukukuna uygunluğu ve belirli koşullar altında bireylerin kişisel istekleri ile uygunluğu üzerine ciddi bir tartışma ve inceleme süreci başlamıştır. Bu konu, İslam toplumlarının geleneksel evlilik normlarına nasıl bir alternatif sunduğunu ve bu uygulamanın İslam hukukunun değerleriyle ne kadar uyumlu olduğunu anlamamız gereken karmaşık bir meseledir. Ayrıca, misyar nikahının toplumsal etkileri ve sonuçları da derinlemesine ele alınmalıdır. Bu geniş çaplı araştırmanın temel amacı, misyar evlilikleri ile geleneksel evlilikler arasındaki benzerlikleri ve farkları açığa çıkarmak ve bu evlilik türünün İslam aile hukukunun şart teorisi çerçevesinde incelemektir. Tarihsel belirsizliklere rağmen, bu çalışma misyar birlikteliklerini yerleşik evlilik normlarıyla karşılaştırarak, bu evliliklerin dinamiklerini, sonuçlarını ve toplumsal önemini anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Araştırma, çağdaş İslam bağlamını derinlemesine incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, Kur'an'dan, Hz. Muhammed'in sünnetinden (gelenekler ve uygulamalar) ve klasik ve modern İslam alimlerinin görüşlerinden geniş bir referans yelpazesi kullanmaktadır. Bu kapsamlı araştırma sürecinde, misyar evliliğinin karmaşıklığına eleştirel ancak tarafsız bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, misyar evlilikleri hakkında derinlemesine bir anlayış sunmak ve bu uygulamayı çevreleyen daha bilgili ve nuanslı bir tartışmaya katkıda bulunmaktır. Aynı zamanda, zorlu durumlarda misyar evliliklerinin doğruluğunu ve meşruiyetini değerlendirmek için koşullu teori bakış açısı sunmayı hedefler ve bu sayede bu tür birlikteliklerin farklı dinamiklerini ve sonuçlarını daha iyi anlamamıza katkı sağlar. Bu araştırma, Müslüman toplumların misyar evliliklerinin avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarını anlama yolunda ilerlemeyi amaçlar. Ayrıca, İslam aile yapısı ve ilişkilerinin karmaşıklıklarını yapıcı bir şekilde tartışmayı ve düşünmeyi teşvik etmeyi hedefler. Nihayetinde, bu araştırma, Şeriat hükümlerini, İslam alimlerinin bakış açılarını ve çağdaş toplumun gelişen gerçekliklerini birbirine bağlayarak, misyar evliliklerinin kısa vadeli faydaları yerine daha derinlemesine olumsuz etkilerini anlamamıza yardımcı olan bir köprü görevi görür.

Kaynakça

  • Abū Zahrah, Muḥammad. Uṣūl Al-Fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī, 1997.
  • Aḥmad, Bilāl. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Ḥall Qadīm Li-Mushkilat Jadīdah.” Majallat Al-Mujtamaʻ (September 1997), 37-49.
  • Al, Khalīj Online. “Aṭfāl Al-Misyār Bi-al-Saʻūdīyah Fatīl Qunbulat Mudammirah Yuāṣil Alishtʻāl” (2 December 2019). https://alkhaleejonline.net
  • Ali, Arif. “Zawāj al-Misyār: Ruʼyah Islāmīyah.” Tajdid IIUM 13 (February 2003), 127–156.
  • Maeena, Tariq. “License to Have Multiple Partners without Much Responsibility.” Saudi Gazette (10 September 2019). https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/576887
  • Nasr, Tofol Jassim. “Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Women and Misyar Marriage: Evolution and Progress in the Arabian Gulf.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 12/3 (March 2011), 43–57.
  • Anīs, Ibrāhīm et al. Al-Muʻjam al-Wasīṭ. Cairo: Dār al-Daʻwah, 4th Ed., 2004.
  • Ashqar, Usāmah ʻUmar Sulaymān. Mustajaddāt Fiqhīyah Fī Qaḍāyā Al-Zawāj Wa-al-Ṭalāq. Jordan: Dār al-Nafāʼis, 1st Ed., 2012.
  • Barakāt. “ʻĀṣifat Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Waṭan al-ʻArabī 1111 (June1998), 17-30.
  • Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʻAlī al-. Sunan Al-Bayhaqī al-Kubrá. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Dardīr, Abū al-Barakāt Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Al-Sharḥ al-Ṣaghīr ʻalá Aqrāb al-Masālik Ilā Madhhab al-Imām Mālik. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻārif, 2008.
  • Dimashqī, ʻIrfān ibn Salīm al-ʻAshshā Ḥassūnah al-. Nikāḥ Al-Misyār Wa-Aḥkām al-Ankiḥah al-Muḥarramah. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʻAṣrīyah, 2003.
  • Fayrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb. Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 8th Ed., 2005.
  • Gharnāṭī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Juzayy al-. Al-Qawānīn al-Fiqhīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2013.
  • Green, Emma. “The Debate over Muslim College Students Getting Secret Marriages.” The New Yorker (9 September 2022). https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/the-debate-over-muslim-college-students-getting-secret-marriages
  • Günay, Mehmet Günay. Gizli Evlilik, Misyar Nikâhı ve Tescil Edilmeyen Nikâhlar Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-V İbadetler ve Aile Hayatı İle İlgili Meseleler. Ankara: DİB Yayınları, 2014.
  • Ibn Abī Shaybah, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. Al-Kitāb al-Muṣannaf Fī al-Aḥādīth Wa-al-Āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Tāj, 1989.
  • Ibn Mājah, Muḥammad Ibn Yazīd al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī Abū ʻAbd Allāh. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Egypt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Kutub al-ʻArabīyah, 1999.
  • Ibn Taymīyah, Abū al-ʿAbbās Taqī ad-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm. Bayān Al-Dalīl ʻalā Buṭlān al-Taḥlīl. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1998.
  • Irāqī, Buthaynah al-Sayyid al-ʻ. Asrār Fī Ḥayāt Alʻānsāt. Riyadh: Dār Ṭuwayq, 1417.
  • Kāsānī, Abū Bakr ibn Masʻūd al-. Badāʼiʻ Al-Ṣanāʼiʻ Fī Tartīb al-Sharāʼiʻ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Khālid, Abdullah. “Zawāj Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Mujtama 49 (May 1997), 21-32.
  • Köse, Saffet. “Misyâr Nikâhı -Kur’ân ve Sünnetin Çizdiği Aile Modeli Çerçevesinde Bir Yaklaşım.” İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 (April 2009), 13–34.
  • Lodi, Mushtaq. Islam and the West: The Clash Between Islamism and Secularism. Texas-USA: Strategic Book Publishing, 2011.
  • Maloko, M. Tahir. “Unregistered Marriage in Islamic Law Perspective: A Critical Study of Islamic Law Compilation.” Al-Mawarid Journal of Islamic Law 15/1 (August 2015), 49–68.
  • MU, Muwāṭin. “Baʻda ʻarḍ Musalsal ‘Ḍaḥāyā Ḥallāl ’ Hal Ghayyarat al-Saʻūdīyah Naẓratuhā Tujāha Zawāj al-Misyār?” (23 January 2023).
  • Muṭlaq, ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-. Al-Zawāj al-ʻurfī Dākhil al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah Wa-Khārijihā Dirāsah Fiqhīyah Wa-Ijtimāʻīyah Naqdīyah. Saudi Arabia: Dār al-ʻĀṣimah, 2006.
  • Muṭlaq, ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-. Kitāb Zawāj Al-Misyār Dirāsah Fiqhīyah Wa-Ijtimāʻīyah Naqdīyah. Saudi Arabia: Dār Ibn Laʻbūn lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1st Ed., 1423.
  • Nesāʼī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn Shuʻayb Abū ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-. Sunan Al-Nisāʼī al-Kubrā. Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 2001.
  • Qaradāghī, ʻAlī Muḥyī al-Dīn. “Al-Misyār Bayna al-Muʼayyad Wa-al-Muʻāriḍ.” Majallat Al-Farḥah 24 (September 1998), 1-24.
  • Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al-. “Al-Misyār Bayna al-Muʼayyad (al-Muʼayyid) Wa-al-Muʻāriḍ.” Majallat Al-Farḥah.
  • Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al-. “Ḥawla Zawāj Al-Misyār.” Majallat Al-Mujtamaʻ al-Kuwaytīyah 13/1 (May 1997), 1-19.
  • Ibn Qudāmah, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. Al-Mughnī. Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub. 7 Volume. Beirut: Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1997.
  • Rifāī, Manṣūr ʻUbayd al-. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Irṭibāṭ Ghayr Kāmil Tubīḥuh al-Ḍarūrah.” Al-Taṣawwuf al-Islāmī 6 (June 1998).
  • RT, Russia Today. “‘al-Misyār’ Yulqá Rawjā Fī al-Saʻūdīyah Raghma Muʻāriḍīhi” (4 July 2021). https://arabic.rt.com/society/1248485
  • Samarqandī, Abū Bakr ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Aḥmad al-,. Tuḥfat Al-Fuqahāʼ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1984.
  • Sharīf, Muḥammad al-. “Zawāj Al-Misyār Bidʻah Jadīdah.” Ṣaḥīfat Al-Waṭan al-Kuwaytīyah (26 January 1998).
  • Shīrāzī, Ibrāhīm ibn ʻAlī ibn Yūsuf al-. Al-Tanbīh Fī al-Fiqh al-Shāfiʻī. Beirut: ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1983.
  • Shirbīnī, al-Khaṭīb. Mughnī Al-Muḥtāj Il ā Maʻrifat Maʻānī Alfāẓ al-Minhāj. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1997.
  • TAW, The Arab Weekly. “Saudi Arabia Confronts the Rise of ‘misyar’ Marriage in a Changing Society.” (5 July 2021). https://thearabweekly.com/saudi-arabia-confronts-rise-misyar-marriage-changing-society
  • Thomas, Justin. “Traditional ‘temporary Marriages’ Are Now a Permanent Problem.” The National (1 February 2013). https://www.thenationalnews.com/traditional-temporary-marriages-are-now-a-permanent-problem-1.316300
  • Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsā ibn ibn Mūsá al-. Sunan Al-Tirmidhī. Saudi Arabia: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1996.
  • Wynn, Lisa L. “‘Like a Virgin’: Hymenoplasty and Secret Marriage in Egypt.” Medical Anthropology 35/6547–559 (March 2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2016.1143822
  • Zarqā, Muṣṭafá Aḥmad al-. Al-Madkhal al-Fiqhī al-ʻāmm. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 2004.
  • Zarrāz, Yūsuf. “Nikāḥ Al-Misyār ʻAẓm al-Shubuhāt Wa-Fitnat al-Shahawāt.” Jarīdat Al-Sharq al-Awsaṭ (24 June 1998), 3.
  • Zuḥaylī, Muḥammad al-. Al-Naẓarīyāt al-Fiqhīyah. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1993.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İslam Hukuku
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ahm Ershad Uddın 0000-0002-6270-9117

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 15 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Ershad Uddın, Ahm. “The Practice and Legitimacy of Misyār Marriage: A Critical Analysis Within Islamic Law”. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi 9/2 (Aralık 2023), 254-270. https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2023.9.2.06.

Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.