Transdinyester Sorununun Konfederal Yaklaşım Temelinde Analizi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 120 - 147, 30.08.2023

Hakan Kolçak , Osman Ercan

Öz

Transdinyester meselesi, bu makalede konfederal birlik perspektifinden incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın hareket noktası, Moldova’nın merkezî Kişinev yönetimi ile Tiraspol merkezli Transdinyester otoritesi arasında koronavirüs salgını döneminde görülen sınırlı iş birliği adımlarıdır. Kişinev-Tiraspol arasında pandemi döneminde beliren yumuşama, ideolojik farklılıkların ve tarihsel çatışmaların yarattığı düşman algısı ve yerleşmiş karşıtlıkların ikinci plana atılmasını temin edecek potansiyeli ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çalışmanın ana teması, uyuşmazlığın iki tarafının konfederalleşmeyi sağlayacak iş birliği ve ortaklık temelinde ortaya koyabileceği anayasal ve hukuki girişimlerin, düşman algısı ve ideolojik farklılıkları tedricî olarak ortadan kaldıracak olma potansiyelidir. Konfederalleşme, iki taraf için de ideolojik ya da bölgesel ve ülkesel sadakatlerin yerini konfederal yapılara olan bağlılığa bırakmasına imkân tanımaktadır. Tarihsel açıdan konfederalleşmenin beklenen bir çıktısı olarak beliren karşılıklı saygı ve güvene dayalı siyasi ve sosyal ortam sebebiyle Moldova ve Transdinyester, federalleşme veya konfederalleşme yolunda dönüşüm geçirebilecek kapasitededir. Zira bahsedilen bütünleşmeci hukuki yaklaşım, bazı devletlerce takip edilerek başarılı olmuştur. Tarihî örnekleri referans göstererek Transdinyester sorununu irdeleyen bu çalışma, Moldova’nın siyasi, ekonomik ve askerî kapasitesi ile Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı kaynaklı faktörleri göz önünde bulundurmaktadır. Nihai olarak konfederalleşmenin muhtemel bir seçenek şeklinde ortaya konduğu çalışma ile yeterince incelenmemiş Transdinyester sorunu hususunda Türkçe öğretiye katkı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Moldova, Transdinyester, Donmuş İhtilaf, Konfederalizm, Egemenlik

An Analysis of the Transnistrian Issue Based on a Confederal Approach

Öz

This article examines the Transnistrian issue from the perspective of confederal unity. The starting point of this study is some limited cooperative steps between Chișinău and Tiraspol during the coronavirus outbreak. The softening relations of Chișinău and Tiraspol during the pandemic have revealed a potential that could push aside bilateral animosities and antagonisms created by ideological differences. The main theme of the study is the potential of the constitutional and legal initiatives to be put forward by the two sides of the conflict based on cooperation and partnership. The cooperation and partnership between the two would ensure confederalization to gradually eliminate animosities and ideological differences. Confederalization would allow both sides to replace ideological, regional, and national loyalties with confederal allegiances. Due to the political and social environment based on mutual respect and trust, which has historically emerged as an expected outcome of confederalization, Moldova and Transnistria are capable of transforming towards federalization or confederalization. This is because the aforementioned integrative legal approach has historically been successful in some states. This study examines the Transnistrian conflict by taking into account some examples of successful confederal unions and considers Moldova’s current political, economic and military capabilities along with the ongoing Russo-Ukraine War. In this study, confederalization is argued as a possible option to solve the Transnistrian conflict and the ultimate aim of the study is to contribute to the literature in Turkish on the underresearched Transnistrian issue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Moldova, Transnistria, Frozen Conflict, Confederalism, Sovereignty

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