Araştırma Makalesi
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Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğunda Kişilerarası Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar ve Zihin Okuma Yetisi: Klinik ve Klinik Olmayan Gruplarda Çok Gruplu Aracılık Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 119 - 131, 25.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1819714

Öz

Sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu, kişilerarası bilişsel çarpıtmalarla ilişkilidir; ancak bu ilişkide zihin okuma yetisinin olası etkisi hakkında nispeten az bilgi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, sosyal anksiyete, kişilerarası bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve zihin okuma yetisi arasındaki ilişkileri incelemiş; sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu tanısı almış bireylerle sağlıklı kontrolleri bu değişkenler açısından karşılaştırmış ve zihin okuma yetisinin kişilerarası bilişsel çarpıtmalar ile sosyal anksiyete arasındaki ilişkide aracı bir mekanizma olarak işleyip işlemediğini test etmiştir. Toplam 186 yetişkin (72 SAB tanılı birey ve 114 sağlıklı kontrol), Liebowitz Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeği, Kişilerarası Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar Ölçeği ve Gözlerden Zihin Okuma Testi’ni tamamlamıştır. Bulgular, SAB tanılı bireylerin daha yüksek sosyal anksiyete ve kişilerarası bilişsel çarpıtma düzeylerine, daha düşük zihin okuma performansına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Grup bazında yürütülen aracılık analizleri, zihin okuma yetisinin hem klinik hem de klinik olmayan grupta kişilerarası bilişsel çarpıtmalar ile sosyal anksiyete arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracı olarak işlediğini; ancak bu dolaylı etkinin SAB grubunda anlamlı biçimde daha güçlü olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar, zihin okuma becerisindeki zayıflığın, özellikle SAB’de kişilerarası bilişsel çarpıtmaların sosyal anksiyete üzerindeki etkisini arttıran temel bir süreç olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, kişilerarası bilişsel çarpıtmaları azaltmaya ve zihin okuma becerilerini güçlendirmeye yönelik müdahaleler, SAB’nin tedavi sonuçlarını ve sosyal işlevselliği anlamlı biçimde destekleyebilir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi’nde belirtilen etik ilkeler doğrultusunda yürütülmüştür. Etik onay, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır. Katılımcılara araştırmanın amacı, süreci ve gizlilik ilkeleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve katılımlarından önce yazılı onamları alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma, kamu, ticari veya kar amacı gütmeyen finansman kuruluşlarından herhangi bir özel destek almamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Alomari, N., Bedaiwi, S., Ghasib, A., Kabbarah, A., Alnefaie, S., Hariri, N., Altammar, M., Fadhel, A., & Altowairqi, F. (2022). Social anxiety disorder: Associated conditions and therapeutic approaches. Cureus, 14(12), e32687.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
  • Baez, S., Tangarife, M. A., Davila-Mejia, G., Trujillo-Güiza, M., & Forero, D. A. (2023). Performance in emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks in social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1192683.
  • Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2), 241-251.
  • Beck J.S. (2001). Bilişsel terapi: Temel ilkeler ve ötesi. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Beck, J.S., & Beck, A.T. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Press.
  • Boden, M.T., John, O.P., Goldin, P.R., Werner, K., Heimberg, R.G., & Gross, J.J. (2012). The role of maladaptive beliefs in cognitive behavioural therapy: Evidence from social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(5), 287-291.
  • Clark, D.M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg, M.R. Liebowitz, D. Hope, & F.R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp.69-93). The Guilford Press.
  • Claus N, Takano K, Wittekind CE (2023) The interplay between cognitive biases, attention control, and social anxiety symptoms: A network and cluster approach. PLoS ONE 18(4), e0282259.
  • Yazici-Çelebi, G., & Kaya, F. (2022). Interpersonal cognitive distortions and anxiety: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 9(3), 741-753.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160.
  • Friedman, H. (2023). The thinking traps that ruin your happiness: How to recognize, challenge, and overcome cognitive distortions. SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Hamamcı, Z., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2003). İlişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmalar ölçeği: Ölçeğin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(25), 107-111.
  • Hezel, D.M., & McNally, R.J. (2014). Theory of mind impairments in social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 45, 530-540.
  • Kashdan, T.B. (2007). Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(3), 348-365.
  • Kirchner, L., Kloft, M., Martín, B., Berg, M., Anjedanimoghadamaraghi, P., Schäfer, L., & Rief, W. (2023). Measuring dysfunctional interpersonal beliefs: Validation of the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale among a heterogeneous German-speaking sample. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 702.
  • Kosheleva, Y. (2021). Linguistic analysis of automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions causing individual’s psychological problems. In O. Kolmakova, O. Boginskaya, & S. Grichin (Eds.), Language and Technology in the Interdisciplinary Paradigm. (pp.658-670). European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences.
  • Kuru, E., Şafak, Y., Özdemir, İ., Tulacı, R.G., Özdel, K., Özkula, N.G., & Örsel, S. (2018). Cognitive distortions in patients with social anxiety disorder: Comparison of a clinical group and healthy controls. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 32(2), 97-104.
  • Lenton-Brym, A.P., Moscovitch, D.A., Vidovic, V., Nilsen, E., & Friedman, O. (2018). Theory of mind ability in high socially anxious individuals. Anxiety Stress & Coping, 31(5), 487-499.
  • Liebowitz, M.R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173.
  • Liebowitz, M.R., Gelenberg, A.J., & Munjack, D. (2005). Venlafaxine extended release vs placebo and paroxetine in social anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(2), 190-198.
  • Morrison, A.S., Potter, C.M., Carper, M.M., Kinner, D.G., Jensen, D., Bruce, L., Wong, J., de Oliveira, I., Sudak, D., & Heimberg, R. (2015). The Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest): Psychometric properties and exploratory factor analysis. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8, 287-305.
  • Nelson, E.C., Grant, J.D., Bucholz, K.K., Glowinski, A., Madden, P.A.F., Reich, W., & Heath, A.C. (2000). Social phobia in a population-based female adolescent twin sample: Co-morbidity and associated suicide-related symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 30(4), 797-804.
  • Öztürk, Y., Özyurt, G., Turan, S., Mutlu, C., Tufan, A.E., & Akay, A.P. (2020). Association of theory of mind and empathy abilities in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Current Psychology, 1-10.
  • Punjabi, P., & Tomar, A. (2025). Social anxiety disorder: Insights into causes, manifestations, and therapeutic approaches. Empowering Holistic Development.
  • Ranta, K., Laakkonen, E., & Niemi, P.M. (2016). Patterns of metaperception in adolescents with social anxiety: Mind reading in the classroom. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(12), 3497-3510.
  • Rapee, R.M. (1995). Descriptive psychopathology of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg, M.R. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope, & F.R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp.41-66). The Guilford Press.
  • Reinecke, M.A., & Freeman, A. (2003). Cognitive therapy. In A.S. Gurman, & S.B. Messer (Eds.), Essential Psychotherapies (2nd ed., pp.224-271). The Guilford Press.
  • Salari, N., Heidarian, P., Hassanabadi, M., Babalani, F., Abdoli, N., Aminian, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2024). Global prevalence of social anxiety disorder in children, adolescents and youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Prevention, 45, 795-813.
  • Sharf, R. S. (2011). Theories of psychotherapy and counselling: concepts and cases, (5th ed.). Brooks/Cole. Soykan, Ç., Özgüven, H. D., & Gençöz, T. (2003). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: The Turkish Version. Psychological Reports, 93(3), 1059-1069.
  • Sungur, M. Z. (2000). Bilişsel-davranışçı yaklaşımlar ve sosyal fobi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 3(2), 27-32.
  • Şimşek, O., Koçak, O., & Younis, M. (2021). The impact of interpersonal cognitive distortions on satisfaction with life and the mediating role of loneliness. Sustainability, 13(16), 9293.
  • Washburn, D., Wilson, G., Roes, M., Rnic, K., & Harkness, K. (2015). Theory of mind in social anxiety disorder, depression, and comorbid conditions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 37, 71-77.
  • Wong, Q.J., Gregory, B., Gaston, J.E., Rapee, R.M., Wilson, J.K., & Abbott, M.J. (2017). Development and validation of the Core Beliefs Questionnaire in a sample of individuals with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 121-127.
  • Yıldırım, E.A., Kaşar, M., Güdük, M., Ateş, E., Küçükparlak, İ., & Özalmete, E.O. (2011). Gözlerden Zihin Okuma Testi'nin Türkçe güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(3), 177-186.

Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions and Mind Reading Ability in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Multi-Group Mediation Analysis in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 119 - 131, 25.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1819714

Öz

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with interpersonal cognitive distortions (ICD); however, little is known about whether mind reading ability plays a mediating role in this relationship. This study examined the associations among ICD, mind reading ability, and social anxiety; compared individuals with SAD and a non-clinical comparison group; and tested whether mind reading ability mediated the ICD-social anxiety link across groups. A total of 186 adults (72 diagnosed with SAD and 114 non-clinical adults) completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale, and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. Individuals with SAD reported higher levels of social anxiety and ICD, and lower mind reading ability, compared with the non-clinical group. Mediation analyses conducted separately by group indicated that mind reading ability partially mediated the relationship between ICD and social anxiety in both groups; however, the indirect effect was substantially stronger among individuals with SAD. These findings highlight mind reading ability as a more central mechanism linking maladaptive interpersonal thinking to heightened social anxiety in clinical populations. Interventions targeting both interpersonal cognitive distortions and deficits in theory of mind may therefore contribute to more effective treatment outcomes and improved social functioning in individuals with SAD.

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University. All participants were informed about the purpose, procedures, and confidentiality of the study, and written informed consent was obtained prior to participation.

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Kaynakça

  • Alomari, N., Bedaiwi, S., Ghasib, A., Kabbarah, A., Alnefaie, S., Hariri, N., Altammar, M., Fadhel, A., & Altowairqi, F. (2022). Social anxiety disorder: Associated conditions and therapeutic approaches. Cureus, 14(12), e32687.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
  • Baez, S., Tangarife, M. A., Davila-Mejia, G., Trujillo-Güiza, M., & Forero, D. A. (2023). Performance in emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks in social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1192683.
  • Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2), 241-251.
  • Beck J.S. (2001). Bilişsel terapi: Temel ilkeler ve ötesi. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Beck, J.S., & Beck, A.T. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Press.
  • Boden, M.T., John, O.P., Goldin, P.R., Werner, K., Heimberg, R.G., & Gross, J.J. (2012). The role of maladaptive beliefs in cognitive behavioural therapy: Evidence from social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(5), 287-291.
  • Clark, D.M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg, M.R. Liebowitz, D. Hope, & F.R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp.69-93). The Guilford Press.
  • Claus N, Takano K, Wittekind CE (2023) The interplay between cognitive biases, attention control, and social anxiety symptoms: A network and cluster approach. PLoS ONE 18(4), e0282259.
  • Yazici-Çelebi, G., & Kaya, F. (2022). Interpersonal cognitive distortions and anxiety: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 9(3), 741-753.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160.
  • Friedman, H. (2023). The thinking traps that ruin your happiness: How to recognize, challenge, and overcome cognitive distortions. SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Hamamcı, Z., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2003). İlişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmalar ölçeği: Ölçeğin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(25), 107-111.
  • Hezel, D.M., & McNally, R.J. (2014). Theory of mind impairments in social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 45, 530-540.
  • Kashdan, T.B. (2007). Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(3), 348-365.
  • Kirchner, L., Kloft, M., Martín, B., Berg, M., Anjedanimoghadamaraghi, P., Schäfer, L., & Rief, W. (2023). Measuring dysfunctional interpersonal beliefs: Validation of the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale among a heterogeneous German-speaking sample. BMC Psychiatry, 23, 702.
  • Kosheleva, Y. (2021). Linguistic analysis of automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions causing individual’s psychological problems. In O. Kolmakova, O. Boginskaya, & S. Grichin (Eds.), Language and Technology in the Interdisciplinary Paradigm. (pp.658-670). European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences.
  • Kuru, E., Şafak, Y., Özdemir, İ., Tulacı, R.G., Özdel, K., Özkula, N.G., & Örsel, S. (2018). Cognitive distortions in patients with social anxiety disorder: Comparison of a clinical group and healthy controls. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 32(2), 97-104.
  • Lenton-Brym, A.P., Moscovitch, D.A., Vidovic, V., Nilsen, E., & Friedman, O. (2018). Theory of mind ability in high socially anxious individuals. Anxiety Stress & Coping, 31(5), 487-499.
  • Liebowitz, M.R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173.
  • Liebowitz, M.R., Gelenberg, A.J., & Munjack, D. (2005). Venlafaxine extended release vs placebo and paroxetine in social anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(2), 190-198.
  • Morrison, A.S., Potter, C.M., Carper, M.M., Kinner, D.G., Jensen, D., Bruce, L., Wong, J., de Oliveira, I., Sudak, D., & Heimberg, R. (2015). The Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest): Psychometric properties and exploratory factor analysis. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8, 287-305.
  • Nelson, E.C., Grant, J.D., Bucholz, K.K., Glowinski, A., Madden, P.A.F., Reich, W., & Heath, A.C. (2000). Social phobia in a population-based female adolescent twin sample: Co-morbidity and associated suicide-related symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 30(4), 797-804.
  • Öztürk, Y., Özyurt, G., Turan, S., Mutlu, C., Tufan, A.E., & Akay, A.P. (2020). Association of theory of mind and empathy abilities in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Current Psychology, 1-10.
  • Punjabi, P., & Tomar, A. (2025). Social anxiety disorder: Insights into causes, manifestations, and therapeutic approaches. Empowering Holistic Development.
  • Ranta, K., Laakkonen, E., & Niemi, P.M. (2016). Patterns of metaperception in adolescents with social anxiety: Mind reading in the classroom. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(12), 3497-3510.
  • Rapee, R.M. (1995). Descriptive psychopathology of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg, M.R. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope, & F.R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp.41-66). The Guilford Press.
  • Reinecke, M.A., & Freeman, A. (2003). Cognitive therapy. In A.S. Gurman, & S.B. Messer (Eds.), Essential Psychotherapies (2nd ed., pp.224-271). The Guilford Press.
  • Salari, N., Heidarian, P., Hassanabadi, M., Babalani, F., Abdoli, N., Aminian, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2024). Global prevalence of social anxiety disorder in children, adolescents and youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Prevention, 45, 795-813.
  • Sharf, R. S. (2011). Theories of psychotherapy and counselling: concepts and cases, (5th ed.). Brooks/Cole. Soykan, Ç., Özgüven, H. D., & Gençöz, T. (2003). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: The Turkish Version. Psychological Reports, 93(3), 1059-1069.
  • Sungur, M. Z. (2000). Bilişsel-davranışçı yaklaşımlar ve sosyal fobi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 3(2), 27-32.
  • Şimşek, O., Koçak, O., & Younis, M. (2021). The impact of interpersonal cognitive distortions on satisfaction with life and the mediating role of loneliness. Sustainability, 13(16), 9293.
  • Washburn, D., Wilson, G., Roes, M., Rnic, K., & Harkness, K. (2015). Theory of mind in social anxiety disorder, depression, and comorbid conditions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 37, 71-77.
  • Wong, Q.J., Gregory, B., Gaston, J.E., Rapee, R.M., Wilson, J.K., & Abbott, M.J. (2017). Development and validation of the Core Beliefs Questionnaire in a sample of individuals with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 121-127.
  • Yıldırım, E.A., Kaşar, M., Güdük, M., Ateş, E., Küçükparlak, İ., & Özalmete, E.O. (2011). Gözlerden Zihin Okuma Testi'nin Türkçe güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(3), 177-186.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikopatoloji, Klinik Psikoloji, Psikolojik danışmanlık, Psikoterapi Uygulama ve Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Burcu Büge 0000-0001-5756-0891

Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Büge, B. (2025). Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions and Mind Reading Ability in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Multi-Group Mediation Analysis in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(2), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.1819714