A TRIAL OF WELFARE STATE ANALYSIS BY NEW SOCIAL RISKS

Öz

Welfare states have been facing some serious crises, and challenges to their existence and sustainability. The performance of a welfare state whether it is successful or not should be evaluated by its main goals and functions. Individuals can face several risks during their life cycle. Under these circumstances, a decent and humanitarian life can only be achieved by the generosity and high coverage of welfare states. All of these new social risks are about the change in demographic structure, labor markets in post-industrial society and be transformative in the context of individual-state and market relations. By the reality of these new social risks, the welfare state has to implement new policies and mechanisms. Although new social risks are accepted as a national/endogenous source of a challenge to the welfare state, globalization, multi-national companies, and international organizations should also be taken into account as influential exogenous factors. In this study by defining new social risks, the relations between state and individual based on the change in the field of economy, society, and politics are evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• welfare state
• new social risks
• state-individual relations

YENİ TOPLUMSAL RİSKLER ÜZERİNDEN REFAH DEVLETİ ANALİZİ DENEMESİ

Öz

Refah devletleri 1970’lerden beri varlığına ve sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik önemli meydan okumalar, krizler ve eleştirilerle karşı karşıyadır. Refah devletlerinin başarılı bir performans gösterip göstermediği öncelikle refah devletinin temel amaç ve işlevleri üzerinden değerlendirilmelidir. Bireyler yaşam boyunca pek çok risk ile karşılaşmaktadır. Bu riskler karşısında yaşamlarını düzgün ve insani koşullar altında devam ettirebilmeleri refah devletinin kapsayıcılığı ve bu alanda sağladığı desteklerle ilgilidir. Ortaya çıkan yeni toplumsal riskler işgücü piyasası, demografik yapı gibi sanayi sonrası döneme ait koşullarda yaşanan değişim üzerinden birey-devlet ve piyasa bağlamında dönüştürücü olmaktadır. Refah devletinin kendisi de ortaya çıkan bu yeni toplumsal riskler karşısında yeni politikalar ve araçlar uygulamak zorundadır. Yeni toplumsal riskler genellikle refah devletine yönelik meydan okumanın ulusal/içsel bir kaynağı olarak ele alınırken küreselleşme süreci, çok uluslu şirketler ve uluslararası örgütlerin de dışsal bir faktör olarak ortaya çıkardığı etkiler unutulmamalıdır. Çalışma bu yeni toplumsal riskleri tanımlama amacıyla refah devleti-birey ilişkisinin ekonomik, sosyal ve politik alandaki değişimini incelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• refah devleti
• yeni toplumsal riskler
• devlet-birey ilişkisi

Kaynakça

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