AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKDENİZ POLİTİKALARI ÖZELİNDE STRATEJİK ÖZERKLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 232 - 256, 31.12.2021

Ebru Oğurlu

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.992657

Öz

Stratejik özerklik, Avrupa Birliği’nin geleceği ve güvenliğinin bir teminatıdır. Uzun yıllardır Avrupa siyasetinde kendine yer bulan kavram, Birlik içindeki ve dışındaki gelişmeler neticesinde son zamanların sıklıkla tartışılan konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Avrupa Birliği’nin stratejik özerkliği kendi içinde entegrasyonun uyumunu, birliğini ve bütünlüğünü sağlamasını, yakın çevresi ve komşu bölgelerinde ise daha fazla risk ve sorumluluk almasını gerektirmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Akdeniz Bölgesi, Avrupa Birliği’nin stratejik özerkliğinin değerlendirilebileceği alanların başında gelmektedir. Bölge ülkelerine yönelik politikalarını 1960’ların başında ikili çerçevede başlatan Avrupa Birliği, özellikle 2004 yılında Avrupa Komşuluk Politikasını kabul etmesinden itibaren kurumsal bir çerçevede devam ettirmektedir. Avrupa Birliği’nin Akdeniz’e yönelik girişimleri stratejik özerkliğinin bir yansıması olarak kabul edilse de uygulamadaki hatalar ve eksiklikler Birliğin stratejik bir aktör olmanın gerektirdiği net bir stratejiden yoksun olduğunu göstermektedir. Mevcut şartlar altında tüm girişimlerine ve etkili bir stratejik özerkliğe sahip olma ihtiyacına rağmen, Avrupa Birliği’nin Avrupa-Arap Diyaloğu sürecinden itibaren Akdeniz’e yönelik uygulamaları hem Brüksel'in hem de ilgili ülkelerin sıkışıp kaldığı bir bataklık olarak kalmakta ve Avrupa Birliği’nin stratejik özerklik iddialarını zayıflatmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Akdeniz, Stratejik Özerklik, NATO, Avrupa-Arap Diyaloğu, Akdeniz için Birlik, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE STRATEGIC AUTONOMY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK ITS MEDITERRANEAN POLITICS

Öz

Strategic autonomy accepted as a guarantee for the future and security of the European Union has been in the European politics for many years. Recently, it has become one of the most frequently discussed topics as the result of the developments both inside and outside the Union. The strategic autonomy of the European Union requires it to ensure its unity and integrity within itself, and to take more risks and responsibilities in its neighbouring regions. In this framework, the Mediterranean region appears as one of the leading areas to test the success and effectiveness of the strategic autonomy of the European Union. Although its initiatives towards the Mediterranean since the Euro-Arab Dialogue can be accepted as a reflection of its strategic autonomy, the mistakes and deficiencies in their implementation show that the European Union lacks a clear regional strategy required to be recognised as a strategic actor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, Mediterranean, Strategic Autonomy, NATO, Euro-Arab Dialogue, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, European Neighbourhood Policy

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