Araştırma Makalesi
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Visual Representation of the Modern Domestic Space in Iranian Printed Media (1925-1979)

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 25, 105 - 118, 18.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.17484/yedi.784967

Öz

This paper investigates the visual representation of the modern domestic space in printed media, particularly, women’s interest publications during the Pahlavi period in Iran. The aim of the study is to understand how the notion of ‘being modern’ regarding the domestic space was explained and visualized in printed media. In other words, the main concern of this study is to explore the concepts that were mostly taken into account in the formation of the modern domestic space in Iranian publications. Therefore, publications targeted at women in the Pahlavi period were scrutinized as the study medium to display both ideas and representations around the domestic space. In these publications, visual tools including photographs, sketches, and advertisements along with texts were rigorously analyzed. The findings of the research highlighted that the ideas in terms of the modern domestic space were very similar to the notions on the modern woman. In order to bring a modern identity to the woman and the domestic space, the abandonment of traditional principles and codes were considered as the initial and necessary step. Consequently, modern concepts including women’s education, health, unveiling, and beautiful appearance were introduced in parallel with the concepts of functional, hygienic, visible, and pleasant domestic space in mass media.

Teşekkür

 This paper is based on unpublished PhD dissertation entitled “Changing Discourses on Visibility and Invisibility in Iranian Domestic Architecture: A Case Study in Vali-Asr District in Tabriz (1980-2000)” by the author completed under the supervision of Prof. Dr. F. Cânâ Bilsel and co-supervision of Prof. Dr. Jale A. Erzen in the Department of Architecture at Middle East Technical University in Turkey in 2018.

Kaynakça

  • Aghamohseni, K. (2014). Modernization of Iranian music during the reign of Reza Shah. In Bianca, D. and Christoph, W. (Ed.), Culture and cultural politics under Reza Shah: The Pahlavi state, new bourgeoisie and the creation of a modern society in Iran (p. 73-94), New York: Routledge.
  • Amin, C. M. (2002). The making of the modern Iranian woman: Gender, state policy, and popular culture 1865-1946. Gainesville: University press of Florida.
  • Amin, C. M. (2004). Importing "beauty culture" into Iran in the 1920s and 1930s: Mass marketing individualism in an age of anti-imperialist sacrifice. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 24(1), 79-95.
  • Anonymous. (1944). The furniture of the salon. Zaban Zanan (Women Language)(7).
  • Bamdad, B. a.-M. (1935). Tadbir-e Manzel (Home management).
  • Chehabi, H. (2003). The westernization of Iranian culinary culture. Iranian Studies, 36(1), 43-61.
  • Colomina, B. (1994). Privacy and publicity: Modern architecture as mass media. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Colomina, B. (2004). Architecture, art and design criticism [Interview]. Architecture Australia, 93(5), 102-103. Retrieved from: https://naomistead.wordpress.com/2008/10/02/beatriz-colomina-interview
  • Devos, B. (2014). Engineering a modern society? Adoption of new technologies in early Pahlavi Iran. In Bianca, D. and Christoph, W. (Ed.), Culture and cultural politics under Reza Shah: The Pahlavi state, new bourgeoisie and the creation of a modern society in Iran (p. 266-287), New York: Routledge.
  • Farhad, A. (1924). Tarbiyat-e zan (The education of the woman). Faranguestan, 1(2), 55-58.
  • Giedion, S. (1948). Mechanization takes command, a contribution to anonymous history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Godsi-kia. (1949, June 23). A letter about American woman. Ettelaat-e Haftegi (Weekly News), p.13.
  • Gürel, M. Ö. (2009). Defining and living out the interior: The ‘modern’ apartment and the ‘urban’ housewife in Turkey during the 1950s and 1960s. Gender, Place & Culture, 16(6), 703-722.
  • Hendelman-Baavur, L. (2019). Creating the modern Iranian woman: popular culture between two revolutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heynen, H. (2005). Modernity and domesticity: Tensions and contradictions. In Hilde, H. and Gülsüm, B. (Ed.), Negotiating domesticity: spatial productions of gender in modern architecture (p. 1-29), New York: Routledge.
  • Karimi, P. (2013). Domesticity and consumer culture in Iran: Interior revolutions of the modern era. New York: Routledge.
  • Kashani-Sabet, F. (2011). Conceiving citizens: Women and the politics of motherhood in Iran. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kazemi, P. (1924). Rah-e nejat (The way to rescue). Faranguestan, 1(2), 59-63.
  • Khiabany, G. (2010). Iranian media: The paradox of modernity. New York: Routledge.
  • Milani, F. (2011). Words, not swords: Iranian women writers and the freedom of movement. NewYork: Syracuse University Press.
  • Moradiyan-Rizi, N. (2015). Iranian women, Iranian cinema: Negotiating with ideology and tradition. Journal of Religion & Film, 19(1).
  • Najmabadi, A. (1998). Crafting an educated housewife in Iran. In Lila, A. (Ed.), Remaking women: Feminism and modernity in the Middle East (p. 91-125), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Najmabadi, A. (2005). Women with mustaches and men without beards. California: University of California Press.
  • Rezvani-Naraghi, A. (2017). Middle class urbanism: The socio-spatial transformation of Tehran, 1924-41. Iranian Studies, 51(1), 97-126. doi: 10.1080/00210862.2017.1350094
  • Ross, K. (1996). Fast cars, clean bodies: Decolonization and the reordering of French culture. Mass: MIT Press.
  • Rostam-Kolayi, J. (2002). Foreign education, the women's press, and the discourse of scientific domesticity in early-twentieth-century Iran. In Nikki, R. K. and Rudi, M. (Ed.) Iran and the surrounding world: interactions in culture and cultural politics (p. 182-204), Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Sedghi, H. (2007). Women and politics in Iran: Veiling, unveiling and reveiling. Cambridge: University Press.
  • Stead, N., & Colomina, B. (2004). Architecture, art and design criticism. Architecture Australia, 93(5), 102-103. Retrieved from: https://naomistead.wordpress.com/2008/10/02/beatriz-colomina-interview
  • Tavakoli-Targhi, M. (2001). Refashioning Iran: Orientalism, occidentalism and historiography. New York: Palgrave.
  • Vahdat, V. (2017). Occidentalist perceptions of european architecture in nineteenth-century persian travel diaries: Travels in farangi space. New York: Routledge.
  • Zoka, Y. (1957). Persian women's costums from the 19th century to the present day. Tehran: Fine Arts Organization Press.

İran Yazılı Basınında Modern Konut Mekânının Görsel Temsili (1925-1979)

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 25, 105 - 118, 18.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.17484/yedi.784967

Öz

Bu makale, İran'daki Pehlevi döneminde, özellikle kadınların ilgisini çeken yayınlar olmak üzere, basılı medyada modern konut mekânının görsel temsilini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, konut mekânıda ‘modern olma’ kavramının basılı medyada nasıl anlatıldığını ve görselleştirildiğini anlamaktır. Başka bir deyişle, bu çalışmanın temel kaygısı, İran yayınlarında modern konut mekânın oluşumunda en çok dikkate alınan kavramları araştırmaktır. Bu nedenle, konut mekânla ilgili hem düşünceleri hem de temsilleri yorumlamak için araştırma araçları olarak Pehlevi döneminde kadınları hedef alan yayınlar incelenmiştir. Bu yayınlarda fotoğraflar, eskizler ve reklamlar gibi görsel araçlar ile metinler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, modern konut mekân kavramları ile modern kadın kavramları arasında benzerlik olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Kadın ve konut mekânına modern bir kimlik kazandırmak için, ilk ve gerekli adım olarak geleneksel ilkelerin ve kodların terk edilmesi dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kitle iletişim araçlarında işlevsel, hijyenik, görünür ve hoş konut mekânı kavramlarıyla paralel olarak kadının eğitimi, sağlığı, başörtüsünü açması ve güzel görünümü gibi modern kavramlar tanıtılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aghamohseni, K. (2014). Modernization of Iranian music during the reign of Reza Shah. In Bianca, D. and Christoph, W. (Ed.), Culture and cultural politics under Reza Shah: The Pahlavi state, new bourgeoisie and the creation of a modern society in Iran (p. 73-94), New York: Routledge.
  • Amin, C. M. (2002). The making of the modern Iranian woman: Gender, state policy, and popular culture 1865-1946. Gainesville: University press of Florida.
  • Amin, C. M. (2004). Importing "beauty culture" into Iran in the 1920s and 1930s: Mass marketing individualism in an age of anti-imperialist sacrifice. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 24(1), 79-95.
  • Anonymous. (1944). The furniture of the salon. Zaban Zanan (Women Language)(7).
  • Bamdad, B. a.-M. (1935). Tadbir-e Manzel (Home management).
  • Chehabi, H. (2003). The westernization of Iranian culinary culture. Iranian Studies, 36(1), 43-61.
  • Colomina, B. (1994). Privacy and publicity: Modern architecture as mass media. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Colomina, B. (2004). Architecture, art and design criticism [Interview]. Architecture Australia, 93(5), 102-103. Retrieved from: https://naomistead.wordpress.com/2008/10/02/beatriz-colomina-interview
  • Devos, B. (2014). Engineering a modern society? Adoption of new technologies in early Pahlavi Iran. In Bianca, D. and Christoph, W. (Ed.), Culture and cultural politics under Reza Shah: The Pahlavi state, new bourgeoisie and the creation of a modern society in Iran (p. 266-287), New York: Routledge.
  • Farhad, A. (1924). Tarbiyat-e zan (The education of the woman). Faranguestan, 1(2), 55-58.
  • Giedion, S. (1948). Mechanization takes command, a contribution to anonymous history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Godsi-kia. (1949, June 23). A letter about American woman. Ettelaat-e Haftegi (Weekly News), p.13.
  • Gürel, M. Ö. (2009). Defining and living out the interior: The ‘modern’ apartment and the ‘urban’ housewife in Turkey during the 1950s and 1960s. Gender, Place & Culture, 16(6), 703-722.
  • Hendelman-Baavur, L. (2019). Creating the modern Iranian woman: popular culture between two revolutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heynen, H. (2005). Modernity and domesticity: Tensions and contradictions. In Hilde, H. and Gülsüm, B. (Ed.), Negotiating domesticity: spatial productions of gender in modern architecture (p. 1-29), New York: Routledge.
  • Karimi, P. (2013). Domesticity and consumer culture in Iran: Interior revolutions of the modern era. New York: Routledge.
  • Kashani-Sabet, F. (2011). Conceiving citizens: Women and the politics of motherhood in Iran. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kazemi, P. (1924). Rah-e nejat (The way to rescue). Faranguestan, 1(2), 59-63.
  • Khiabany, G. (2010). Iranian media: The paradox of modernity. New York: Routledge.
  • Milani, F. (2011). Words, not swords: Iranian women writers and the freedom of movement. NewYork: Syracuse University Press.
  • Moradiyan-Rizi, N. (2015). Iranian women, Iranian cinema: Negotiating with ideology and tradition. Journal of Religion & Film, 19(1).
  • Najmabadi, A. (1998). Crafting an educated housewife in Iran. In Lila, A. (Ed.), Remaking women: Feminism and modernity in the Middle East (p. 91-125), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Najmabadi, A. (2005). Women with mustaches and men without beards. California: University of California Press.
  • Rezvani-Naraghi, A. (2017). Middle class urbanism: The socio-spatial transformation of Tehran, 1924-41. Iranian Studies, 51(1), 97-126. doi: 10.1080/00210862.2017.1350094
  • Ross, K. (1996). Fast cars, clean bodies: Decolonization and the reordering of French culture. Mass: MIT Press.
  • Rostam-Kolayi, J. (2002). Foreign education, the women's press, and the discourse of scientific domesticity in early-twentieth-century Iran. In Nikki, R. K. and Rudi, M. (Ed.) Iran and the surrounding world: interactions in culture and cultural politics (p. 182-204), Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Sedghi, H. (2007). Women and politics in Iran: Veiling, unveiling and reveiling. Cambridge: University Press.
  • Stead, N., & Colomina, B. (2004). Architecture, art and design criticism. Architecture Australia, 93(5), 102-103. Retrieved from: https://naomistead.wordpress.com/2008/10/02/beatriz-colomina-interview
  • Tavakoli-Targhi, M. (2001). Refashioning Iran: Orientalism, occidentalism and historiography. New York: Palgrave.
  • Vahdat, V. (2017). Occidentalist perceptions of european architecture in nineteenth-century persian travel diaries: Travels in farangi space. New York: Routledge.
  • Zoka, Y. (1957). Persian women's costums from the 19th century to the present day. Tehran: Fine Arts Organization Press.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleler
Yazarlar

Maryam Golabi 0000-0001-8645-9776

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ocak 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2020
Kabul Tarihi 27 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Golabi, M. (2021). Visual Representation of the Modern Domestic Space in Iranian Printed Media (1925-1979). Yedi(25), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.17484/yedi.784967

18409

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.