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Yeni Medya Döneminde Televizyon Yayıncıları için 360 Derece Strateji: TRT Durum Çalışması

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 15, 48 - 68, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1336590

Öz

Televizyon yayıncılığı teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte yeni dağıtım biçimleri geliştirmektedir. Çevrimiçi olanakların dağıtıma dahil olmasıyla yeni stratejiler önem kazanmakta ve mevcut yayıncılık faaliyetleri 360 derecelik bir strateji gerektirmektedir. Yayıncılar değişen koşullara uyum sağlayabilmek için çoklu platformlarda faaliyet göstermekte ve 360 derece dağıtım stratejisine uyum sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışma, televizyon yayıncılığının değişen koşullarında Türkiye’nin kamu hizmeti yayıncısı TRT'nin dağıtım faaliyetlerini ve yayıncılık stratejisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin yayıncılık sektörü üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek çalışmanın önemini oluşturmaktadır. Alan yazın taramasında kamu hizmeti yayıncılarının 360 derece stratejisi ve çevrimiçi dağıtım ile dönüşümü analiz edilmektedir. Alan yazındaki önceki çalışmalara dayanarak, Türkiye'den kamu hizmeti yayıncısı TRT örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. TRT’nin faaliyetlerini incelemek için durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. 360 derece yayın stratejisinin dağıtım yöntemleri belirlenmiş ve kategoriler oluşturulmuş, TRT'nin yayıncılık faaliyetleri bu kategoriler altında incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen en genel sonuç, TRT'nin geniş bir dağıtım ağında yayın yaptığı ve isteğe bağlı hizmetleri yüksek oranda kullandığı olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Akkor Gül, A. (2013). Görsel-İşitsel Politikasıyla Avrupa Birliği: Televizyon Yayıncılığından Yöndeşen Medyaya. Beta.
  • Akyol, S. (2016). Neoliberalizm Tartışmalarına Maliye Politikası Çerçevesinden Bir Bakış. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 291–308. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.417479
  • Altın, A. (2013). Kamu Hizmeti Anlayışında Değişim. ANEMON Muş Alparslan Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Sosyal Bi̇li̇mler Dergisi, 1(2), 101–118.
  • Bağcı, C. (2021). Türkiye’de Sayısal Televizyon Yayıncılığı: Sektörel Yönelimleri, Yeni Yayın İçerikleri ve İzleyici Deneyimleri [Doktora]. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Bardoel, J., & d’Haenens, L. (2008). Reinventing public service broadcasting in Europe: prospects, promises and problems. Media, Culture & Society, 30(3), 337–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443708088791
  • Baumann, S., & Hasenpusch, T. C. (2016). Multi-Platform Television and Business Models: A Babylonian Clutter of Definitions and Concepts. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 11(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.219
  • BBC. (2013, November). The BBC’s distribution arrangements for its UK Public Services. Bbc.Co.Uk.
  • BBC Press Office. (2006). BBC reorganises for an on-demand Creative Future. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/19/future.shtml
  • Bennett, J., & Strange, N. (2008). The BBC’s Second-Shift Aesthetics: Interactive Television, Multi-Platform Projects and Public Service Content for a Digital Era. Media International Australia, 126(1), 106–119.
  • Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. Global Text Project. digitalcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3/
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F., & Kılıç Çakmak, E. (2021). Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (30b ed.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Çaycı, B. (2013). Günümüzde Enformasyon ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Televizyon İzleme Alışkanlıkları Üzerindeki Etkisi: OTT TV. 2. International Symposium on Language and Communication: Exploring Novelties, 1649–1660.
  • Colapinto, C. (2010). Moving to a Multichannel and Multiplatform Company in the Emerging and Digital Media Ecosystem: The Case of Mediaset Group. International Journal on Media Management, 12(2), 59–75.
  • D’Arma, A., Raats, T., & Steemers, J. (2021). Public service media in the age of SVoDs: A comparative study of PSM strategic responses in Flanders, Italy and the UK. Media, Culture & Society, 43(4), 682–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720972909
  • Debrett, M. (2009). Riding the wave: public service television in the multi-platform era. Media, Culture & Society, 31(5), 807–827. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443709339466
  • Doyle, G. (2010). From Television to Multi-Platform. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 16(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856510375145
  • Dubois, A., & Araujo, L. (2007). Case research in purchasing and supply management: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 13(3), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2007.09.002
  • Duman, K. (2018). Deregülasyon Sonrası Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığı: RAI ve TRT Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Çalışma. Ulakbilge, 6(20), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-06-20-04
  • Enli, G. S. (2008). Redefining Public Service Broadcasting: Multi-Platform Participation . Convergence, 14(1), 105–120.
  • Erdemir Göze, F. (2017). Neo-liberal Politikaların Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığına Etkileri ve TRT Örneği. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 50(2), 73–104.
  • Erdoğan, E. (2008). Yaygın Bir Kitle İletişim Aracı Olarak Televizyonun Kamusal İşlevleri [Yüksek Lisans]. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2003). Educational Research: An Introduction (Vol. 7). Pearson Education.
  • Goyanes, M., Costa-Sánchez, C., & Démeter, M. (2021). The Social Construction of Spanish Public Television: The Role and Function of TVE in a Multiplatform Environment. International Journal Of Communication, 15(20), 3782–3801.
  • İlaslan, S. (2019). Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığında Markalaşma Yönelimi ve Piyasa İlişkileri Temelinde Ortaya Çıkan Çelişkiler. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(3), 1–18.
  • Jang, S., & Park, M. (2016). Do New Media Substitute for Old Media?: A Panel Analysis of Daily Media Use. Journal of Media Economics, 29(2), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2016.1170021
  • Jenkins, H. (2018). Cesur Yeni Medya Teknolojiler ve Hayran Kültürü (N. Yeğengil, Ed.; 2. Baskı). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Johnson, C. (2013). From brand congruence to the ‘virtuous circle’: branding and the commercialization of public service broadcasting. Media, Culture & Society, 35(3), 314–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443712472088
  • Johnson, C. (2019). Online TV. Routledge.
  • Keane, J. (1995). Structural transformations of the public sphere. The Communication Review, 1(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714429509388247
  • Klein-Shagrir, O., & Keinonen, H. (2014). Public Service Television in a Multi-Platform Environment: A Comparative Study in Finland and Israel. VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture, 3(6), 14–23.
  • Lotz, A. D. (2014). The Television Will Be Revolutionized. New York University Press.
  • Matteucci, N. (2010). Strategies for Digital Television: DTT in Italy. The International Journal on Media Management, 12(3-4), 159-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2010.527315
  • Menke, M., & Schwarzenegger, C. (2019). On the relativity of old and new media: A lifeworld perspective. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 25(4), 657–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856519834480
  • Mitchell, J. C. (1983). Case and Situation Analysis. The Sociological Review, 31(2), 187–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1983.tb00387.x
  • Mitu, B. (2015). Romanian Public Service Television: The Pursuit Of Audience In A Multi-Platform Context. Ecoforum Journal, 4(1), 268–275.
  • Murdock, G. (2005). Public Broadcasting and Democratic Culture: Consumers, Citizens, and Communards. In J. Wasko (Ed.), A Companion to Television (pp. 174–198). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Özel, S. (2020). Talebe Bağlı Video Servisleri Çağında Netflix Etkisi. İnsan & İnsan, 7(26), 115-138. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.786938
  • Resmi Gazete. (2010, 7 17). Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu IPTV Yayın Lisans ve İzin Yönetmeliği. 8 15, 2022 www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2010/07/20100717-7.htm
  • Rai. (2021). Report and Financial Statements as at 31 December 2021. www.rai.it/dl/doc/1659485628038_Bilancio Rai 2021 - Inglese 02-08.pdf
  • Roberts, C., & Muscarella, V. (2015). Defining Over-The-Top (OTT) Digital Distribution. The Entertainment Merchants Association.
  • Judgment of the Court of Justice, (April 30, 1974). www.cvce.eu/obj/judgment_of_the_court_of_justice_sacchi_case_155_73_30_april_1974-en-3d423d60-6cdc-4f74-8a1b-b2877ddbf618.html
  • Strangelove, M. (2015). Post-TV Piracy, Cord-Cutting, and the Future of Television. University of Toronto Press.
  • Sujono, F. K., & Yossie, M. (2021). A Case Study on the Multiplatform Strategy Used by NET in the Indonesian Television Industry. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019), 133–139.
  • Syvertsen, T. (2004). Citizens, Audiences,Customers and Players. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(3), 363–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549404044788
  • Syvertsen, T. (2006). Television and Multi-Platform Media Hybrids: Corporate Strategies and Regulatory Dilemmas. In F. Marcinkowski, W. A. Meier, & J. Trappel (Eds.), Media and Democracy. Experience from Europe.
  • Syvertsen, T., & Enli, G. (2018). Public Service in Europe: Five Key Points. In D. Freedman & V. Goblot (Eds.), A Future for Public Service Television (pp. 83–90). Goldsmiths Press.
  • TRT. (2020). TRT 2020 Faaliyet Raporu. TRT.
  • Turner, G., & Tay, J. (2009). What is Television? In G. Turner & J. Tay (Eds.), Television Studies After TV: Understanding Television in the Post-Broadcast Era (pp. 7–8). Routledge.
  • Yaylalı, H. (2010). Sayısal Çağda Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığı ve TRT’nin Güncel Stratejileri. İletişim: Araştırmaları, 8(2), 47–80.
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods (3b ed.). SAGE Publications.

360-degree Strategy for TV Broadcasters in New Media Era: TRT Case Research

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 15, 48 - 68, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1336590

Öz

Television broadcasting develops new forms of distribution with the technological developments. With the inclusion of online opportunities in distribution, new strategies gain importance and current broadcasting activities require a 360-degree strategy. Broadcasters continue to operate on multiple platforms and adopt a 360-degree strategy in order to adapt to changing conditions. This study aims to reveal the activities and broadcasting strategies of the Turkish public service broadcaster TRT in the changing conditions of the sector. The importance of the study is to determine the impact of technological developments on the broadcasting industry. The literature review section analyses the 360-degree strategy and transformation of public service broadcasters with online distribution. Based on the previous studies in the literature, the public service broadcaster TRT from Turkey was taken as a sample. The case research method was used to study the TRT sample. Categories of broadcast distribution formats were created within the framework of the defined 360-degree strategy, and TRT's broadcasting activities were examined under these categories. The most general result obtained as a result of the research is that TRT broadcasts in a wide distribution network and uses on-demand services at a high rate.

Kaynakça

  • Akkor Gül, A. (2013). Görsel-İşitsel Politikasıyla Avrupa Birliği: Televizyon Yayıncılığından Yöndeşen Medyaya. Beta.
  • Akyol, S. (2016). Neoliberalizm Tartışmalarına Maliye Politikası Çerçevesinden Bir Bakış. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 291–308. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.417479
  • Altın, A. (2013). Kamu Hizmeti Anlayışında Değişim. ANEMON Muş Alparslan Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Sosyal Bi̇li̇mler Dergisi, 1(2), 101–118.
  • Bağcı, C. (2021). Türkiye’de Sayısal Televizyon Yayıncılığı: Sektörel Yönelimleri, Yeni Yayın İçerikleri ve İzleyici Deneyimleri [Doktora]. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Bardoel, J., & d’Haenens, L. (2008). Reinventing public service broadcasting in Europe: prospects, promises and problems. Media, Culture & Society, 30(3), 337–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443708088791
  • Baumann, S., & Hasenpusch, T. C. (2016). Multi-Platform Television and Business Models: A Babylonian Clutter of Definitions and Concepts. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 11(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.219
  • BBC. (2013, November). The BBC’s distribution arrangements for its UK Public Services. Bbc.Co.Uk.
  • BBC Press Office. (2006). BBC reorganises for an on-demand Creative Future. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/19/future.shtml
  • Bennett, J., & Strange, N. (2008). The BBC’s Second-Shift Aesthetics: Interactive Television, Multi-Platform Projects and Public Service Content for a Digital Era. Media International Australia, 126(1), 106–119.
  • Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. Global Text Project. digitalcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3/
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F., & Kılıç Çakmak, E. (2021). Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (30b ed.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Çaycı, B. (2013). Günümüzde Enformasyon ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Televizyon İzleme Alışkanlıkları Üzerindeki Etkisi: OTT TV. 2. International Symposium on Language and Communication: Exploring Novelties, 1649–1660.
  • Colapinto, C. (2010). Moving to a Multichannel and Multiplatform Company in the Emerging and Digital Media Ecosystem: The Case of Mediaset Group. International Journal on Media Management, 12(2), 59–75.
  • D’Arma, A., Raats, T., & Steemers, J. (2021). Public service media in the age of SVoDs: A comparative study of PSM strategic responses in Flanders, Italy and the UK. Media, Culture & Society, 43(4), 682–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720972909
  • Debrett, M. (2009). Riding the wave: public service television in the multi-platform era. Media, Culture & Society, 31(5), 807–827. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443709339466
  • Doyle, G. (2010). From Television to Multi-Platform. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 16(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856510375145
  • Dubois, A., & Araujo, L. (2007). Case research in purchasing and supply management: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 13(3), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2007.09.002
  • Duman, K. (2018). Deregülasyon Sonrası Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığı: RAI ve TRT Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Çalışma. Ulakbilge, 6(20), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-06-20-04
  • Enli, G. S. (2008). Redefining Public Service Broadcasting: Multi-Platform Participation . Convergence, 14(1), 105–120.
  • Erdemir Göze, F. (2017). Neo-liberal Politikaların Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığına Etkileri ve TRT Örneği. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 50(2), 73–104.
  • Erdoğan, E. (2008). Yaygın Bir Kitle İletişim Aracı Olarak Televizyonun Kamusal İşlevleri [Yüksek Lisans]. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2003). Educational Research: An Introduction (Vol. 7). Pearson Education.
  • Goyanes, M., Costa-Sánchez, C., & Démeter, M. (2021). The Social Construction of Spanish Public Television: The Role and Function of TVE in a Multiplatform Environment. International Journal Of Communication, 15(20), 3782–3801.
  • İlaslan, S. (2019). Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığında Markalaşma Yönelimi ve Piyasa İlişkileri Temelinde Ortaya Çıkan Çelişkiler. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(3), 1–18.
  • Jang, S., & Park, M. (2016). Do New Media Substitute for Old Media?: A Panel Analysis of Daily Media Use. Journal of Media Economics, 29(2), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2016.1170021
  • Jenkins, H. (2018). Cesur Yeni Medya Teknolojiler ve Hayran Kültürü (N. Yeğengil, Ed.; 2. Baskı). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Johnson, C. (2013). From brand congruence to the ‘virtuous circle’: branding and the commercialization of public service broadcasting. Media, Culture & Society, 35(3), 314–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443712472088
  • Johnson, C. (2019). Online TV. Routledge.
  • Keane, J. (1995). Structural transformations of the public sphere. The Communication Review, 1(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714429509388247
  • Klein-Shagrir, O., & Keinonen, H. (2014). Public Service Television in a Multi-Platform Environment: A Comparative Study in Finland and Israel. VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture, 3(6), 14–23.
  • Lotz, A. D. (2014). The Television Will Be Revolutionized. New York University Press.
  • Matteucci, N. (2010). Strategies for Digital Television: DTT in Italy. The International Journal on Media Management, 12(3-4), 159-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2010.527315
  • Menke, M., & Schwarzenegger, C. (2019). On the relativity of old and new media: A lifeworld perspective. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 25(4), 657–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856519834480
  • Mitchell, J. C. (1983). Case and Situation Analysis. The Sociological Review, 31(2), 187–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1983.tb00387.x
  • Mitu, B. (2015). Romanian Public Service Television: The Pursuit Of Audience In A Multi-Platform Context. Ecoforum Journal, 4(1), 268–275.
  • Murdock, G. (2005). Public Broadcasting and Democratic Culture: Consumers, Citizens, and Communards. In J. Wasko (Ed.), A Companion to Television (pp. 174–198). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Özel, S. (2020). Talebe Bağlı Video Servisleri Çağında Netflix Etkisi. İnsan & İnsan, 7(26), 115-138. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.786938
  • Resmi Gazete. (2010, 7 17). Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu IPTV Yayın Lisans ve İzin Yönetmeliği. 8 15, 2022 www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2010/07/20100717-7.htm
  • Rai. (2021). Report and Financial Statements as at 31 December 2021. www.rai.it/dl/doc/1659485628038_Bilancio Rai 2021 - Inglese 02-08.pdf
  • Roberts, C., & Muscarella, V. (2015). Defining Over-The-Top (OTT) Digital Distribution. The Entertainment Merchants Association.
  • Judgment of the Court of Justice, (April 30, 1974). www.cvce.eu/obj/judgment_of_the_court_of_justice_sacchi_case_155_73_30_april_1974-en-3d423d60-6cdc-4f74-8a1b-b2877ddbf618.html
  • Strangelove, M. (2015). Post-TV Piracy, Cord-Cutting, and the Future of Television. University of Toronto Press.
  • Sujono, F. K., & Yossie, M. (2021). A Case Study on the Multiplatform Strategy Used by NET in the Indonesian Television Industry. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019), 133–139.
  • Syvertsen, T. (2004). Citizens, Audiences,Customers and Players. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(3), 363–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549404044788
  • Syvertsen, T. (2006). Television and Multi-Platform Media Hybrids: Corporate Strategies and Regulatory Dilemmas. In F. Marcinkowski, W. A. Meier, & J. Trappel (Eds.), Media and Democracy. Experience from Europe.
  • Syvertsen, T., & Enli, G. (2018). Public Service in Europe: Five Key Points. In D. Freedman & V. Goblot (Eds.), A Future for Public Service Television (pp. 83–90). Goldsmiths Press.
  • TRT. (2020). TRT 2020 Faaliyet Raporu. TRT.
  • Turner, G., & Tay, J. (2009). What is Television? In G. Turner & J. Tay (Eds.), Television Studies After TV: Understanding Television in the Post-Broadcast Era (pp. 7–8). Routledge.
  • Yaylalı, H. (2010). Sayısal Çağda Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığı ve TRT’nin Güncel Stratejileri. İletişim: Araştırmaları, 8(2), 47–80.
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods (3b ed.). SAGE Publications.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Radyo-Televizyon, Yeni Medya
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ömer Kısaoğlu 0000-0002-9657-9592

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

APA Kısaoğlu, Ö. (2023). 360-degree Strategy for TV Broadcasters in New Media Era: TRT Case Research. Yeni Medya(15), 48-68. https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1336590