Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Hashtaglerle Sınırötesini Aşmak: Twitter’ ın Gezi Parkı ve Sarı Yelekliler Hareketleri’ne Köprü Kurması

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 16, 77 - 97, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1458325

Öz

Geçmişten günümüze toplumsal hareketler bir toplumda var olan huzursuzluğun gün yüzüne çıkmasıdır. Zaman içerisinde gelişen teknolojiler sayesinde toplumsal hareketlerin örgütlenme biçimleri, araçları ve protestolarda bir takım değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. İnternet ve sosyal medyanın hayatlara sızmasıyla da şekil alan toplumsal hareketler çağa ayak uydurarak yeni toplumsal hareketler çatısı altında sanal kamusal alanın kapsamını yeniden belirlemektedir.
Bu makalede, sosyal medyanın hayatlara sızmasıyla şekil alan yeni toplumsal hareketlerin sanal kamusal alanı yeniden belirlediğini açığa çıkarılmaktadır. Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi ve Gezi Parkı Eylemi örnekleminde hashtaglerin etkisini Twitter Python Kütüphanesi kullanılarak toplanan veriler yardımıyla içerik çözümlemesi yöntemiyle incelenmektedir. Örneklem olarak, Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’yle ilgili 17 Kasım 2018’den, 2022 yılının sonuna kadar 52 bin 651 tweete ulaşılmakta, çalışmaya ise 14 bin 244 tweet dâhil edilmekte olup, Gezi Parkı Eylemi ile ilgili 27 Mayıs- 2013 – 2 Temmuz 2013 tarihleri arasında çekilen 100 bin 550 tweetten 13 bin 003 tweet dâhil edilmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda, yeni toplumsal hareketlerin kilit, anahtarı sosyal medya, anahtarın dişleri ise hashtagler olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte çalışma incelenen Twitter veri seti gözönüne alındığında; Sarı Yelekliler ve Gezi Parkı Eylemi’nde Twitter’ın önemli rol oynamakla birlikte aktivistlere rota çizdiği ve anındalık özelliği sayesinde hareketlerde kullanılan platformlardan olduğu bulgulanmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

yok

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Acar, G., Y. & Uluğ, Ö., M. (2023). Ten years after the Gezi Park protests: looking back on their legacy and impact, Social Movement Studies, Published Online: 09 Oct 2023, Latest Articles, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2023.2267996.
  • Advan, A. (2015). Toplumsal hareketler ve sosyal medya kullanımı çerçevesinde Taksim Gezi Parkı eylemi (Tez no. 417747) [Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi
  • Amin, S., Arrighi, G., Frank, Gunder, A.& Wallerstein, I.(1993). Büyük kargaşa yeni toplumsal hareketlerin krizi (E. Akbulut, Çev.). Alan Yayıncılık.
  • Babaoğlan, A. R. & Banko M. (2013), Gezi Parkı Sürecinde Dijital Vatandaşın Etkisi, https://www.geziparkikitabi.com/.
  • Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of social media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: a micro-level study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(5), 1-10.
  • Bayhan, V. (2014). Yeni toplumsal hareketler ve Gezi Parkı direnişi, Birey ve Toplum, 4(7), 23-57, https://doi.org/10.20493/bt.15516.
  • Benevento, A. & Okuyan, M. (2019). Significance of protesters’ words during Gezi Park protests: finding implicit meanings in sticky notes and tweets, Social Movement Studies, 18(4), 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2018.1561258.
  • Bergem, M. I. (2022). When the revolution did not look like you thought it would: the Yellow Vest movement through radical-left activists’ imaginaries, Modern & Contemporary France, 30(3), 295-312, https://doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2022.2084604.
  • Berridge, S. & Portwood, S. L. (2015). Feminism, hashtags and violence against women and girls, Feminist Media Studies, 15(2), 341–358, https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2015.1008743.
  • Bosi, L. & Uba, K. (2021). Collective action outcomes: ways forward for the subfield, Partecipazione e Conflitto, 14(3), 987-997, https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v14i3p987.
  • Bozarth, J. (2010). Social media for trainers: techniques for enhancing and extending learning. Pfeiffer.
  • Buechler, S. M. (2004). The strange career of strain and breakdown theories of collective action. In D. Snow; S. Soule & H. Kriesi (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp-47-66). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Caren, N. & Gaby, S. (2011, Oct 24). Occupy online: Facebook and the spread of Occupy Wall Street, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1943168 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1943168.
  • Casteel, D. (2016). Platform matters: a comparative content analysis of the women’s march’s use of Facebook and Twitter, [Unpublished Master of Arts], Humboldt State University: California.
  • Chaudhry, I. (2014). #Hashtags for change: can Twitter generate social progress in Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Communication, 8(2014), 943–961.
  • Chon, M. & Park, H.(2019). Social media activism ın the digital age: testing an integrative model of activism on contentious ıssues, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(3), 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019835896.
  • Coelho, P., Correia, A. P. & Medina, G. I.(2017). Social media: a new way of public and political communication in digital media, International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM). 11(6), 150-157, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i6.6876
  • Colin, M. (2019). Depoliticizing Discourses The Role Of Editorials in The Reproduction of Consensus: Assessing The Media Coverage of The Yellow Vest Movement, Human Rights Bachelor Thesis 15 ECTS Spring Term 2019 Supervisor: Jonna Pettersson, Malmö University.
  • Crossley, N. (2002). Making sense of social movements, Open University Press.
  • Çöteli, S. (2015). Sosyal medyanın yeni tür kamusal alan yaratması ve toplumsal hareketlere katkıları: Taksim Gezi Parkı olayları örneği (Tez no. 422295) [Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Daniels, G. (2016). Scrutinizing hashtag activism in the #mustfall protests in South Africa. In B. Mutsvairo (Ed.). Digital Activism in the Social Media Era Critical Reflections on Emerging Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 175-193), Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Daphi, P., Anderl, F. & Deitelhoff, N. (2022). Bridges or divides? conflicts and synergies of coalition building across countries and sectors in the global justice movement, Social Movement Studies, 21(1-2), 8-24, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2019.1676223.
  • Della Porta, D. & Diani, M. (2012). Toplumsal hareketler (P.Çakır ve C.Gülbudak, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Dijk, V. D. (2012). Ağ toplumu (Ö. Sakin, Çev.), İstanbul: Epsilon Publishing.
  • Doğan, Z. M. (2017). Dijital aktivizm bağlamında günümüz toplumsal hareketleri ve Türkiye örneği: Gezi Parkı olayı, (Tez no. 482247). [Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü], YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Dolgun, U. & Sütlüoğlu, T. (2014, Ocak). Sosyal medya ve yeni toplumsal hareketler (Ünite 6). İçinde V.Bozkurt (Ed.) Çağdaş Toplumsal Süreçler (pp. 1-22). Atatürk Üniversitesi.
  • Edmund W. Cheng & Francis L.F. Lee (2023) Hybrid protest logics and relational dynamics against ınstitutional decay: networked movements in Asia, Social Movement Studies, 22(5-6), 607-627, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2023.2236032.
  • Eyal, N. & Hoover, R. (2015). “Kancaya takılınca” alışkanlık yaratan ürünler geliştirmenin sırları (B. Akat, Çev.). Elma Yayıncılık.
  • Fominaya, F. C. & Feenstra, R. A. (2023) Reconsidering social movement impact on democracy: the case of Spain's 15-movement, Social Movement Studies, 22(3), 273-303, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2023.2190090.
  • Gerbaudo, P. (2017). From cyber-autonomism to cyber-populism: an ideological history of digital activism. TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique, 15(2), 477-489, https://doi.org/10.31269/vol15iss2pp477-489.
  • Giglietto, F., & Lee, Y. (2017). A hashtag worth a thousand words: discursive strategies around #jenesuispascharlie after the 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting. Social Media + Society, 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116686992.
  • Grossman, E. (2019). France’s Yellow Vests – symptom of a chronic disease, Political Insight, 10(1), 30-34, https://doi.org/10.1177/2041905819838152.
  • Hemphill, L., Culotta, A. & Heston, M. (2016). Polar scores: measuring partisanship using social media content, Journal of Informatıon Technology & Politics, 13(4), 365-377, https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2016.1214093.
  • Işık, G.(2013). Yeni toplumsal hareketler ve sanal gerçeklik boyutunda Gezi Parkı eylemleri, Selçuk İletişim, 8(1), 19-33.
  • Jackson S. J., Bailey. M, & Foucalt, B. (2020). #HashtagActivism: networks of race and gender justice. Mass: MIT Press.
  • Jetten, J., Mols, F.,& Selvanathan, H. P. (2020). How economic inequality fuels the rise and persistence of the Yellow Vest movement. International Review of Social Psychology, 33(1): 2,1–12, https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.356.
  • Johnston, H., Larana,E. & Gusfield, J. R.(1999). Kimlikler, şikâyetler ve yeni sosyal hareketler. içinde K.Çayır (Ed.) Yeni Sosyal Hareketler (pp. 131-168). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Karatzogianni, A. (2015). Firebrand waves of digital activism 1994–2014 the rise and spread of hacktivism and cyberconflict, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kendall, D.(2012). Sociology in our times, the essentials. Cengage Learning.
  • Kırık, M. A. & Toktay, Y. (2020). Arap Baharı’ndan Avrupa kışına: Sarı Yelekliler hareketi içinde E. Karakoç & O. Taydaş (Editörler), Toplumsal Hareketler ve Medya (pp. 357-380). Literatürk.
  • Konda (Research Consultancy) (2014, June, 5). Gezi Parkı Raporu, toplumun Gezi Parkı olayları algısı Gezi parkındakiler kimlerdi?, https://docplayer.biz.tr/2255794-Konda-gezi-raporu-toplumun-gezi-parki-olaylari-algisi-gezi-parkindakiler-kimlerdi.html#google_vignette.
  • Kurt, G. (2016). Türkiye’de dijital diplomasi uygulamalarının kamusal iletişim bağlamında analizi: Gezi Parkı örneği. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi], Galatasaray Üniversitesi.
  • Kyska, R. (2018). E-Aktıvızmus Ako Nový Nástroj Občıanskej Spoločnostı, Vysoká Škola Ekonomická V Praze Fakulta Mezinárodních Vztahů, Školiteľ: Prof. Phdr. Karel Müller, Ph. D. Praha 2018.
  • Le Bon, G.(1997). Kitlelerin psikolojisi .Hayat Yayıncılık.
  • Lopez-Lopez, P,C & Vasquez-Gonzalez, J. (2018). Thematic agenda and Twitter: Presidential elections in Latin America during the 2015-2017 period, Profesional De La Informacion, 27(6), 1204-1214, https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.nov.04.
  • Mahfud, Y.& Adam- Troian, J. (2021). Macron demission!”: loss of significance generates violent extremism for the Yellow Vests through feelings of anomia. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(1) 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430219880954.
  • Mehleb, R. I., Kallis, G.& Zografos, C. (2021). A discourse analysis of Yellow-Vest resistance against carbon taxes, Environmental Innovation And Societal Transitions, 40(2021), 382–394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021.08.005.
  • Melucci, A. (1999). Çağdaş hareketlerin sembolik meydan okuması. İçinde K. Çayır (Ed.) Yeni Sosyal Hareketler (pp. 75-100), Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Mercea, D. & Mosca, L. (2021) Understanding movement parties through their communication. Information, Communication & Society, 24(10), 1327-1343, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942514.
  • Morin, A. (2023). Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi İle İlgili Kişisel Telefon Görüşmesi [Personal Phone Interview Regarding the Yellow Vest Movement ]. 14 Haziran 2023.
  • Noh, Y., Kim, H., Kim, K & Cheong, Y (2021). With Super Bowl ad tweets and the advertisers official Twitter accounts: a panel data analysis of 2019 Super Bowl advertisers. International Journal of Advertising, 40(6), 852-869, https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2020.1819006.
  • Olson, M. (2002). The logic of collective action: public goods and the theory of groups (Twentieth printing), Hadvard University Press: 1965.
  • Otsuka, E., Wallace, S. A. & Chiu, D. (July, 2014). Design And Evaluation Of A Twitter Hashtag Recommendation System. [Applications Symposium] 18th International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium, Porto, Portugal.
  • Öğülmüş, S. (1991). İçerik çözümlemesi, Ankara University Eğitim Bilimleri Faculty Journal, 24(1-2), 213-228, https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000729
  • Özbudan, S. & Demirer, T. (2019, Ocak 13). 1968’in 50. yılında Sarı Yelekliler, https://sibelozbudun.blogspot.com/2019/01/1968in-50-yilinda-sari-yelekliler.html#.ZAnFcBXP3IX.
  • Paksoy, F. A. & Özçelik, O. A.(2017). Yeni toplumsal hareketler ve medya (7.Ünite). İçinde B. Kartal & B. Kümbetoğlu (Editörler). Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler (pp. 165-189), T.C. Anadolu University Publication No: 3544 Açıköğretim Faculty Publication No: 2378, Eskişehir: Anadolu University.
  • Rawelli, Q. (2021). Fuel feud. the political economy of the Yellow Vest. the political economy of social movements. In press.
  • Rodriguez-Urra, C; Trillo-Domínguez, M & Herrero-Solana, V. (2023). The irruption of digital natives on the chilean media landscape: analysis of the academic impact in front of web and social networks (2004-2022), Brazilian Journalism Research, 19(1), https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v19n1.2023.1572.
  • Schmidt, H. J. (2016). Twitter ve kişisel kamuların doğuşu (E.Batur, Çev.). İçinde K.Weller, A.Bruns, J.Burgess, M.Mahrt, C.Puschmann (Eds.). Twitter ve Toplum (pp. 47-61). Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behavior, The Free Press.
  • Smith-Alexander, S.V. (2013). A thesis submitted to the faculty of graduate studies and research, Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of, Master Of Arts Humanities Computing, University Of Alberta Digital Activism And The Public Sphere.
  • Somemto (Social Media Management Tool) (2013, Mayıs 31). Gezi Parkı eylemleri haftasında sosyal medya analizi, https://docplayer.biz.tr/14400882-Somemto-big-data-somemto-ile-gezi-parki-eylemleri-haftasinda-sosyal-medya-analizi-copyright-2012-etiya-all-rights-reserved.html.
  • Tavşancıl, E. ve Aslan, E. (2001). Sözel, yazılı ve diğer materyaller için: içerik analizi ve uygulama örnekleri. Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Taydaş, O. & Karakoç, E.(2020). Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler ve Twitter. İçinde E.Karakoç & O.Taydaş (Editörler). Toplumsal Hareketler ve Medya (pp.247-274). Literatürk.
  • Tilly, C. (2004). Social movements 1768-2004, Paradigm Publishers.
  • Touraine, A. (1999). Toplumdan toplumsal harekete. İçinde K. Çayır (Ed.). Yeni Sosyal Hareketler (pp. 31-46). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Twitter (2023). Twitter profil sayfaları, https://twitter.com.tr.
  • Wang, Y, M; Croucher, S,M & Pearson, E. (2021). National leaders' usage of Twitter in response to covid-19: a sentiment analysis, Frontiers in Communication, 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.732399.
  • Yang, G. (2016). Narrative agency in hashtag activism: the case of #blacklivesmatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), 13-17, https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692.
  • Yarcı, S.(2017). Toplumsal bir iletişim şekli olarak yeni toplumsal hareketler Gezi Parkı örnekleminin luhmanncı analizi. (Tez no. 475650). [Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Yerlikaya, T. (2018). Toplumsal hareketler ve sosyal medya ilişkisi: Gezi Parkı ve Tahrir meydanı örnekleri. (Tez no. 532853). [Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Yuill, S. & Halpin, H. (2006). Pyhton, https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1f2ee3831eebfc97bfafd514ca2abb7e2c5c86bb.
  • Zgoda, K. ve Shane, K.(2018). Social justice 280 characters at a time: the role of Twitter in social action. In J. McNutt (Ed.) Technology, Activism, And Social Justice in A Digital Age, Published in The United States Of America By Oxford University Press.

Crossing The Border With Hashtags: Twitter's Bridging The Gezi Park And The Yellow Vest Movements

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 16, 77 - 97, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1458325

Öz

Social movements are a manifestation of societal unrest, from the past to the present. Thanks to the developing technologies over time, there are some changes in the forms of organisation, tools and protests of social movements. Social movements, which are shaped by the penetration of the Internet and social media into lives, keep pace with the age and redefine the scope of the virtual public sphere under the umbrella of new social movements.
This article reveals that new social movements, shaped by the infiltration of social media, redefine the virtual public sphere. It analyses the effect of hashtags on the Yellow Vests Movement and the Gezi Park Protest through content analysis with the help of data collected using Twitter Python Library. As a sample, 52 thousand 651 tweets about the Yellow Vests Movement from 17 November 2018 to the end of 2022 are reached and 14 thousand 244 tweets are included in the study, while 13 thousand 003 tweets are included from 100 thousand 550 tweets between 27 May 2013 and 2 July 2013 about the Gezi Park Protest. As a result of the study, it is revealed that the key to new social movements is social media and the teeth of the key are hashtags. However, when the Twitter data set analysed in the study is taken into consideration, it is found that Twitter played an important role in the Yellow Vests and Gezi Park Protests, as well as drawing a route for activists and being one of the platforms used in the movements thanks to its immediacy feature

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Acar, G., Y. & Uluğ, Ö., M. (2023). Ten years after the Gezi Park protests: looking back on their legacy and impact, Social Movement Studies, Published Online: 09 Oct 2023, Latest Articles, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2023.2267996.
  • Advan, A. (2015). Toplumsal hareketler ve sosyal medya kullanımı çerçevesinde Taksim Gezi Parkı eylemi (Tez no. 417747) [Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi
  • Amin, S., Arrighi, G., Frank, Gunder, A.& Wallerstein, I.(1993). Büyük kargaşa yeni toplumsal hareketlerin krizi (E. Akbulut, Çev.). Alan Yayıncılık.
  • Babaoğlan, A. R. & Banko M. (2013), Gezi Parkı Sürecinde Dijital Vatandaşın Etkisi, https://www.geziparkikitabi.com/.
  • Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of social media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: a micro-level study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(5), 1-10.
  • Bayhan, V. (2014). Yeni toplumsal hareketler ve Gezi Parkı direnişi, Birey ve Toplum, 4(7), 23-57, https://doi.org/10.20493/bt.15516.
  • Benevento, A. & Okuyan, M. (2019). Significance of protesters’ words during Gezi Park protests: finding implicit meanings in sticky notes and tweets, Social Movement Studies, 18(4), 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2018.1561258.
  • Bergem, M. I. (2022). When the revolution did not look like you thought it would: the Yellow Vest movement through radical-left activists’ imaginaries, Modern & Contemporary France, 30(3), 295-312, https://doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2022.2084604.
  • Berridge, S. & Portwood, S. L. (2015). Feminism, hashtags and violence against women and girls, Feminist Media Studies, 15(2), 341–358, https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2015.1008743.
  • Bosi, L. & Uba, K. (2021). Collective action outcomes: ways forward for the subfield, Partecipazione e Conflitto, 14(3), 987-997, https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v14i3p987.
  • Bozarth, J. (2010). Social media for trainers: techniques for enhancing and extending learning. Pfeiffer.
  • Buechler, S. M. (2004). The strange career of strain and breakdown theories of collective action. In D. Snow; S. Soule & H. Kriesi (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp-47-66). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Caren, N. & Gaby, S. (2011, Oct 24). Occupy online: Facebook and the spread of Occupy Wall Street, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1943168 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1943168.
  • Casteel, D. (2016). Platform matters: a comparative content analysis of the women’s march’s use of Facebook and Twitter, [Unpublished Master of Arts], Humboldt State University: California.
  • Chaudhry, I. (2014). #Hashtags for change: can Twitter generate social progress in Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Communication, 8(2014), 943–961.
  • Chon, M. & Park, H.(2019). Social media activism ın the digital age: testing an integrative model of activism on contentious ıssues, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(3), 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019835896.
  • Coelho, P., Correia, A. P. & Medina, G. I.(2017). Social media: a new way of public and political communication in digital media, International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM). 11(6), 150-157, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i6.6876
  • Colin, M. (2019). Depoliticizing Discourses The Role Of Editorials in The Reproduction of Consensus: Assessing The Media Coverage of The Yellow Vest Movement, Human Rights Bachelor Thesis 15 ECTS Spring Term 2019 Supervisor: Jonna Pettersson, Malmö University.
  • Crossley, N. (2002). Making sense of social movements, Open University Press.
  • Çöteli, S. (2015). Sosyal medyanın yeni tür kamusal alan yaratması ve toplumsal hareketlere katkıları: Taksim Gezi Parkı olayları örneği (Tez no. 422295) [Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Daniels, G. (2016). Scrutinizing hashtag activism in the #mustfall protests in South Africa. In B. Mutsvairo (Ed.). Digital Activism in the Social Media Era Critical Reflections on Emerging Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 175-193), Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Daphi, P., Anderl, F. & Deitelhoff, N. (2022). Bridges or divides? conflicts and synergies of coalition building across countries and sectors in the global justice movement, Social Movement Studies, 21(1-2), 8-24, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2019.1676223.
  • Della Porta, D. & Diani, M. (2012). Toplumsal hareketler (P.Çakır ve C.Gülbudak, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Dijk, V. D. (2012). Ağ toplumu (Ö. Sakin, Çev.), İstanbul: Epsilon Publishing.
  • Doğan, Z. M. (2017). Dijital aktivizm bağlamında günümüz toplumsal hareketleri ve Türkiye örneği: Gezi Parkı olayı, (Tez no. 482247). [Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü], YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Dolgun, U. & Sütlüoğlu, T. (2014, Ocak). Sosyal medya ve yeni toplumsal hareketler (Ünite 6). İçinde V.Bozkurt (Ed.) Çağdaş Toplumsal Süreçler (pp. 1-22). Atatürk Üniversitesi.
  • Edmund W. Cheng & Francis L.F. Lee (2023) Hybrid protest logics and relational dynamics against ınstitutional decay: networked movements in Asia, Social Movement Studies, 22(5-6), 607-627, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2023.2236032.
  • Eyal, N. & Hoover, R. (2015). “Kancaya takılınca” alışkanlık yaratan ürünler geliştirmenin sırları (B. Akat, Çev.). Elma Yayıncılık.
  • Fominaya, F. C. & Feenstra, R. A. (2023) Reconsidering social movement impact on democracy: the case of Spain's 15-movement, Social Movement Studies, 22(3), 273-303, https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2023.2190090.
  • Gerbaudo, P. (2017). From cyber-autonomism to cyber-populism: an ideological history of digital activism. TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique, 15(2), 477-489, https://doi.org/10.31269/vol15iss2pp477-489.
  • Giglietto, F., & Lee, Y. (2017). A hashtag worth a thousand words: discursive strategies around #jenesuispascharlie after the 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting. Social Media + Society, 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116686992.
  • Grossman, E. (2019). France’s Yellow Vests – symptom of a chronic disease, Political Insight, 10(1), 30-34, https://doi.org/10.1177/2041905819838152.
  • Hemphill, L., Culotta, A. & Heston, M. (2016). Polar scores: measuring partisanship using social media content, Journal of Informatıon Technology & Politics, 13(4), 365-377, https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2016.1214093.
  • Işık, G.(2013). Yeni toplumsal hareketler ve sanal gerçeklik boyutunda Gezi Parkı eylemleri, Selçuk İletişim, 8(1), 19-33.
  • Jackson S. J., Bailey. M, & Foucalt, B. (2020). #HashtagActivism: networks of race and gender justice. Mass: MIT Press.
  • Jetten, J., Mols, F.,& Selvanathan, H. P. (2020). How economic inequality fuels the rise and persistence of the Yellow Vest movement. International Review of Social Psychology, 33(1): 2,1–12, https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.356.
  • Johnston, H., Larana,E. & Gusfield, J. R.(1999). Kimlikler, şikâyetler ve yeni sosyal hareketler. içinde K.Çayır (Ed.) Yeni Sosyal Hareketler (pp. 131-168). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Karatzogianni, A. (2015). Firebrand waves of digital activism 1994–2014 the rise and spread of hacktivism and cyberconflict, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kendall, D.(2012). Sociology in our times, the essentials. Cengage Learning.
  • Kırık, M. A. & Toktay, Y. (2020). Arap Baharı’ndan Avrupa kışına: Sarı Yelekliler hareketi içinde E. Karakoç & O. Taydaş (Editörler), Toplumsal Hareketler ve Medya (pp. 357-380). Literatürk.
  • Konda (Research Consultancy) (2014, June, 5). Gezi Parkı Raporu, toplumun Gezi Parkı olayları algısı Gezi parkındakiler kimlerdi?, https://docplayer.biz.tr/2255794-Konda-gezi-raporu-toplumun-gezi-parki-olaylari-algisi-gezi-parkindakiler-kimlerdi.html#google_vignette.
  • Kurt, G. (2016). Türkiye’de dijital diplomasi uygulamalarının kamusal iletişim bağlamında analizi: Gezi Parkı örneği. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi], Galatasaray Üniversitesi.
  • Kyska, R. (2018). E-Aktıvızmus Ako Nový Nástroj Občıanskej Spoločnostı, Vysoká Škola Ekonomická V Praze Fakulta Mezinárodních Vztahů, Školiteľ: Prof. Phdr. Karel Müller, Ph. D. Praha 2018.
  • Le Bon, G.(1997). Kitlelerin psikolojisi .Hayat Yayıncılık.
  • Lopez-Lopez, P,C & Vasquez-Gonzalez, J. (2018). Thematic agenda and Twitter: Presidential elections in Latin America during the 2015-2017 period, Profesional De La Informacion, 27(6), 1204-1214, https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.nov.04.
  • Mahfud, Y.& Adam- Troian, J. (2021). Macron demission!”: loss of significance generates violent extremism for the Yellow Vests through feelings of anomia. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(1) 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430219880954.
  • Mehleb, R. I., Kallis, G.& Zografos, C. (2021). A discourse analysis of Yellow-Vest resistance against carbon taxes, Environmental Innovation And Societal Transitions, 40(2021), 382–394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021.08.005.
  • Melucci, A. (1999). Çağdaş hareketlerin sembolik meydan okuması. İçinde K. Çayır (Ed.) Yeni Sosyal Hareketler (pp. 75-100), Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Mercea, D. & Mosca, L. (2021) Understanding movement parties through their communication. Information, Communication & Society, 24(10), 1327-1343, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942514.
  • Morin, A. (2023). Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi İle İlgili Kişisel Telefon Görüşmesi [Personal Phone Interview Regarding the Yellow Vest Movement ]. 14 Haziran 2023.
  • Noh, Y., Kim, H., Kim, K & Cheong, Y (2021). With Super Bowl ad tweets and the advertisers official Twitter accounts: a panel data analysis of 2019 Super Bowl advertisers. International Journal of Advertising, 40(6), 852-869, https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2020.1819006.
  • Olson, M. (2002). The logic of collective action: public goods and the theory of groups (Twentieth printing), Hadvard University Press: 1965.
  • Otsuka, E., Wallace, S. A. & Chiu, D. (July, 2014). Design And Evaluation Of A Twitter Hashtag Recommendation System. [Applications Symposium] 18th International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium, Porto, Portugal.
  • Öğülmüş, S. (1991). İçerik çözümlemesi, Ankara University Eğitim Bilimleri Faculty Journal, 24(1-2), 213-228, https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000729
  • Özbudan, S. & Demirer, T. (2019, Ocak 13). 1968’in 50. yılında Sarı Yelekliler, https://sibelozbudun.blogspot.com/2019/01/1968in-50-yilinda-sari-yelekliler.html#.ZAnFcBXP3IX.
  • Paksoy, F. A. & Özçelik, O. A.(2017). Yeni toplumsal hareketler ve medya (7.Ünite). İçinde B. Kartal & B. Kümbetoğlu (Editörler). Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler (pp. 165-189), T.C. Anadolu University Publication No: 3544 Açıköğretim Faculty Publication No: 2378, Eskişehir: Anadolu University.
  • Rawelli, Q. (2021). Fuel feud. the political economy of the Yellow Vest. the political economy of social movements. In press.
  • Rodriguez-Urra, C; Trillo-Domínguez, M & Herrero-Solana, V. (2023). The irruption of digital natives on the chilean media landscape: analysis of the academic impact in front of web and social networks (2004-2022), Brazilian Journalism Research, 19(1), https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v19n1.2023.1572.
  • Schmidt, H. J. (2016). Twitter ve kişisel kamuların doğuşu (E.Batur, Çev.). İçinde K.Weller, A.Bruns, J.Burgess, M.Mahrt, C.Puschmann (Eds.). Twitter ve Toplum (pp. 47-61). Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behavior, The Free Press.
  • Smith-Alexander, S.V. (2013). A thesis submitted to the faculty of graduate studies and research, Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of, Master Of Arts Humanities Computing, University Of Alberta Digital Activism And The Public Sphere.
  • Somemto (Social Media Management Tool) (2013, Mayıs 31). Gezi Parkı eylemleri haftasında sosyal medya analizi, https://docplayer.biz.tr/14400882-Somemto-big-data-somemto-ile-gezi-parki-eylemleri-haftasinda-sosyal-medya-analizi-copyright-2012-etiya-all-rights-reserved.html.
  • Tavşancıl, E. ve Aslan, E. (2001). Sözel, yazılı ve diğer materyaller için: içerik analizi ve uygulama örnekleri. Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Taydaş, O. & Karakoç, E.(2020). Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler ve Twitter. İçinde E.Karakoç & O.Taydaş (Editörler). Toplumsal Hareketler ve Medya (pp.247-274). Literatürk.
  • Tilly, C. (2004). Social movements 1768-2004, Paradigm Publishers.
  • Touraine, A. (1999). Toplumdan toplumsal harekete. İçinde K. Çayır (Ed.). Yeni Sosyal Hareketler (pp. 31-46). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Twitter (2023). Twitter profil sayfaları, https://twitter.com.tr.
  • Wang, Y, M; Croucher, S,M & Pearson, E. (2021). National leaders' usage of Twitter in response to covid-19: a sentiment analysis, Frontiers in Communication, 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.732399.
  • Yang, G. (2016). Narrative agency in hashtag activism: the case of #blacklivesmatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), 13-17, https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692.
  • Yarcı, S.(2017). Toplumsal bir iletişim şekli olarak yeni toplumsal hareketler Gezi Parkı örnekleminin luhmanncı analizi. (Tez no. 475650). [Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Yerlikaya, T. (2018). Toplumsal hareketler ve sosyal medya ilişkisi: Gezi Parkı ve Tahrir meydanı örnekleri. (Tez no. 532853). [Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Yuill, S. & Halpin, H. (2006). Pyhton, https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1f2ee3831eebfc97bfafd514ca2abb7e2c5c86bb.
  • Zgoda, K. ve Shane, K.(2018). Social justice 280 characters at a time: the role of Twitter in social action. In J. McNutt (Ed.) Technology, Activism, And Social Justice in A Digital Age, Published in The United States Of America By Oxford University Press.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yeni Medya
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Seher Karataş 0000-0002-3820-520X

Enderhan Karakoç 0000-0001-8969-6144

Proje Numarası yok
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 16

Kaynak Göster

APA Karataş, S., & Karakoç, E. (2024). Crossing The Border With Hashtags: Twitter’s Bridging The Gezi Park And The Yellow Vest Movements. Yeni Medya(16), 77-97. https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1458325