Karbonifer Pamuktaş Plütonu’nun petrografisi, jeokimyası ve petrolojik özellikleri, Bayburt (KD Türkiye)

Öz

Doğu Pontidler (KD Türkiye), Anadolu Levhasının jeolojik olarak şekillenmesinde
önemli bir rol oynayan Alp-Himalaya orojenezinin etkisi ile oluşmuş olup farklı türde
magmatik kayaları içermesi bakımından önemli bir alan konumundadır. Özellikle
Karbonifer plütonlar, doğu Pontidlerin güney kesiminde, daha geniş mostralar halinde
ve daha yaygın olarak gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, Bayburt’un (KD Türkiye)
Pamuktaş Köyü ve çevresinde yer alan granitik kayaçlar üzerinde yeni petrografik ve
tüm kayaç jeokimyası verileri sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu kayaçların oluşumunda hâkim
olan kaynak bölge, petrolojik süreçler ve jeodinamik ortam tartışılmaktadır. Yaklaşık 5
km2
’lik bir alanı kapsayan Karbonifer Pamuktaş Plütonu, çalışma alanında Jura
öncesi temeli temsil etmekte ve uyumsuz olarak Alt-Orta Jura volkanoklastik ve
volkanik kayaçlar ile Üst Jura-Alt Kretase kireçtaşları tarafından örtülmektedir.
Pamuktaş Plütonu esas olarak granit/granit porfir ve aplit (mikrogranit), daha az
oranda ise granodiyorit ve kuvars mikrodiyorit türü kayaçlardan meydana
gelmektedir. Granitik kayaçlar, özşekilli ve özşekilsiz granüler/mikrogranüler dokuya sahip olup
başlıca alkali feldispat (ortoklas), plajiyoklas, kuvars, biyotit ve amfibol (hornblend)
minerallerinden oluşur. Kayaçlar yüksek SiO2 içeriklerine (%65.62-75.09) ve yüksek
K’lu kalk-alkaliden şoşonitiğe kadar uzanan bir afiniteye sahip olup I-tipi bir kaynaktan
itibaren türemiştir. Granitik kayaçlar peralümin karakterli olup çarpışma sonrası
volkanik yay granitoyidleri ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Ana ve iz element trendleri,
kayaçların oluşumunda plajiyoklas, hornblend, apatit ve Fe-Ti oksit mineral
fraksiyonlaşmasının önemli rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Pamuktaş Plütonu’nun
petrolojik özelliklerine göre, granitlerin gelişiminde fraksiyonel kristallenme, magma
karışımı ve daha az oranda asimilasyon ve kısmi ergime işlemlerinin rol oynadığı
ortaya konmuştur. Hesaplanan zirkon doygunluk sıcaklıkları (730-844°C) düşük ilksel
magma sıcaklıklarını yansıtmaktadır. Elde edilen tüm veriler Karbonifer Pamuktaş
Plütonu’nun ana magmasının orta-alt kıtasal kabuk ve zenginleşmiş litosferik manto
ergiyiklerinden kısmi ergime sonucu türediğini ve kıtasal magma odasında
farklılaşarak yerleştiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pamuktaş (Bayburt)
• granitoyid
• Doğu Pontidler
• jeokimya
• petroloji
• magmatizma

Destekleyen Kurum

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (GÜBAP) Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

20.E3102.07.01

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, ikinci yazarın Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalında yapmış olduğu yüksek lisans tez çalışmasından üretilmiştir. Ayrıca, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (GÜBAP) Koordinatörlüğü’nce de desteklenmiştir. Proje No: 20.E3102.07.01.

Petrography, geochemistry and petrological characteristics of the Carboniferous Pamuktaş Pluton, Bayburt (NE Turkey)

Öz

The Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) that formed during the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny
in which geologically plays an important role in the formation of Anatolian Plate, is a
significant area in term of containing different igneous rocks. Especially
Carboniferous plutons are widely observed in the southern part of the Eastern
Pontides in larger outcrops and more commonly. This study presents new
petrography and whole-rock geochemistry data on granitic rocks in the Pamuktaş
area of Bayburt (NE Turkey). In addition, the source region of the magma,
petrological processes and geodynamic setting prevailing in the formation of these
granitic rocks are discussed. The Carboniferous Pamuktaş Pluton, which includes an
area of approximately 5 km2
, represents the pre-Jurassic basement in the study area
and is unconformably overlain by Lower-Middle Jurassic volcanoclastic and volcanic
rocks and Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous limestones. Pamuktaş Pluton mainly
consists of granite/granite porphyry and aplite (microgranite), to a lesser extent

granodiorite and quartz microdiorite rocks. Granitic rocks mainly consist of alkali
feldspar (orthoclase), plagioclase feldspar, quartz, biotite, and amphibole
(hornblende) minerals, as having euhedral and anhedral granular/microgranular
textures. The rocks have high SiO2 contents (65.62-75.09 wt.%) and a high K calcalkali to

shoshonitic affinities, and have been derived from an I-type source. The
granitic rocks are peralumine in character and are similar to post-collisional volcanic
arc granitoids. Major and trace element trends show that the plagioclase, hornblende,
apatite, and Fe-Ti oxide mineral fractionations play an important role in the formation
of rocks. According to the petrological properties of the Pamuktaş Pluton, it has been
revealed that the fractional crystallization, magma mixing, and less assimilation and
partial melting processes play a role in the development of granites. The calculated
zircon saturation temperatures (730-844°C) reflect lower initial magma temperatures.
All obtained data suggest that the parental magma of the Carboniferous Pamuktaş
Pluton has evolved from the mixing of lithospheric mantle and middle-lower crustderived

melts as a result of partial melting, differentiated and emplaced in the
continental magma chamber.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pamuktaş (Bayburt)
• granitoid
• Eastern Pontides
• geochemistry
• petrology
• magmatism

Proje Numarası

20.E3102.07.01

Kaynakça

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