YEŞİL AR-GE YATIRIMLARI, YEŞİL TEKNOLOJİ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ: G7 ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 18, 50 - 74, 19.08.2025

Yağmur Güney , Feyyaz Zeren

https://doi.org/10.51947/yonbil.1716299

Öz

Çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasında, yenilikçi yeşil teknolojilerin ve yeşil Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinin rolü her geçen gün daha kritik hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada G7 ülkelerinde yeşil Ar-Ge yatırımları ve yeşil teknoloji inovasyonunun çevresel etkilerinin panel veri analizleri aracılığıyla incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. 1990-2022 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak yatay kesit bağımlılığı, homojenlik ve eş bütünleşme ilişkileri dikkate alınarak ikinci nesil panel veri yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda uygulanan Durbin-Hausman (2008) ile Westerlund-Edgerton (2007) panel eş bütünleşme testleri yeşil Ar-Ge yatırımları ve çevre kirliliği arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koyarken yeşil teknoloji ve çevre kirliliği arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Ülke bazlı tahmin sonuçları yeşil Ar-Ge yatırımlarının çevresel etkilerinin ülkeler arasında önemli farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle Almanya dışındaki birçok G7 ülkesinde çevre kirliliğini arttırıcı yönde bulguların ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu bulgular, yeşil yatırımların çevresel etkinliğinin yalnızca yatırım miktarına değil, aynı zamanda yapısal koşullar, düzenleyici çerçeve ve yönetişim kalitesine bağlı olarak değiştiğini göstermektedir. Nihai olarak elde edilen bulgular, politika yapıcılara ülkeye özgü stratejiler geliştirme konusunda önemli çıkarımlar sunmakta ve yeşil inovasyonun çevresel faydalarını en üst düzeye çıkarmak için kurumsal ve teknik altyapının güçlendirilmesinin gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşil Ar-Ge Yatırımları , Yeşil Teknoloji , Çevre Kirliliği , G7 ülkeleri , Panel Veri Analizi

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GREEN R&D INVESTMENTS, GREEN TECHNOLOGY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: THE CASE OF G7 COUNTRIES

Öz

The role of innovative green technologies and green R&D activities is becoming increasingly critical in achieving environmental sustainability. This study aims to examine the environmental impacts of green R&D investments and green technology innovation in G7 countries through panel data analysis. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2022, second-generation panel data methods were applied, considering cross-sectional dependency, homogeneity, and cointegration relationships. The Durbin-Hausman (2008) and Westerlund-Edgerton (2007) panel cointegration tests revealed a long-term relationship between green R&D investments and environmental pollution, while no significant relationship was found between green technology and environmental pollution. Country-specific estimation results indicate significant variations in the environmental impacts of green R&D investments across countries. Notably, findings suggest that in many G7 countries, except Germany, green R&D investments tend to increase environmental pollution. These results demonstrate that the environmental effectiveness of green investments depends not only on the amount of investment but also on structural conditions, regulatory frameworks, and governance quality. The study provides significant insights for policymakers in developing country-specific strategies and highlights the necessity of strengthening institutional and technical infrastructure to maximize the environmental benefits of green innovation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Keywords: Green R&D Investigations , Green Technology , Environmental Pollution , G7 Countries , Panel Data Analysis

Kaynakça

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