Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2026, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 205 - 224, 18.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1708519
https://izlik.org/JA66UH76HR

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abounoori, E., & Ghaderi, S. (2011). The effect of trade and financial-openness on government size: A case study for MENA. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 2(5), 170-174.
  • Altay, A. & Aysu, A. (2013). Etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezi: Seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. TİSK Akademi, 8(15), 130-154.
  • Araujo, E, Araújo, E, Peres, S. C., & Punzo, LF (2021). An investigation into shapes and determinants of deindustrialization processes: Theory and evidence for developed and developing countries (1970–2017). Economia, 22(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2021.03.001
  • Aydoğuş, I. & Topçu, M. (2013). An investigation of co-integration and causality between trade openness and government size in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(2), 319-323.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aztimur, H., Çadırcı, Ç., & Kaya, L. (2023). Ticari açıklığın kamu kesimi büyüklüğüne etkisi: Çin için ekonometrik bir inceleme. Fiscaoeconomia, 7(1), 771-788. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1195372
  • Bayrakdar, S., & Soyyiğit, S. (2021). Türki Cumhuriyetlerde telafi ve etkinlik hipotezi geçerliliğinin sınanması. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1745-1757. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.852478
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey M. (2008). Trade openness and government size. Economics Letters, 101, 157-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.06.016
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey, M. (2012). The relationship between trade openness and government size: Does disaggregating government expenditure matter?. Journal of Macroeconomics, 34(1), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2011.11.002
  • Cameron, D.R. (1978). The expansion of the public economy: a comparative analysis. The American Political Science Review, 72(4), 1243-1261. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954537
  • Cengiz, O., & Manga, M. (2023). Does economic globalization trigger de-industrialization in western balkan countries? Empirical evidence based on augmented mean group estimator. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 16, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12709
  • Ceylan, S. & Şahin, B. Y. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.323240
  • Cusack, R. T. (1997). Partisan politics and public finance: Changes in public spending in the industrialized democracies, 1995-1989, Published by Springer, 91(314), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004995814758
  • Çelik, S. (2023). Telafi edici ve etkinlik hipotezlerine dair ampirik kanıtlar: Kırılgan beşli örneği. Pearson Journal, 8(25), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365713
  • Dasgupta, S., & Singh A. (2006). Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries. Helsinki United Nations University Research Paper, No. 2006/49. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230801462_23
  • Dura, Y. C., & Yalçıntaş, S. (2022). The relationship between globalization-public expenditure on the basis of the compensation and efficiency hypotheses. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.985925
  • Emirmahmutoglu, F., & Kose, N. (2011). Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 870–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.10.018
  • Emirmahmutoğlu, F. (2011). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde para krizlerinin ekonometrik analizi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Epifani, P. & Gancia, G. (2009). Openness, government size and the terms of trade. Review of Economic Studies, 76(2), 629-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00546.x
  • Garret, G. (2001). Globalization and government spending around the World. Studies in Comperative International Develeopment, 35(4), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02732706
  • Garrett, G. & Mitchell, D. (2001). Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD. European Journal of Political Research, 39(2), 145–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00573
  • Iversen T., & Cusack T. R. (2000). The causes of welfare state expansion: Deindustrialization or globalization?, World Politics. 52(3), 313-349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016567
  • İslam, M. Q. (2004). The long run relationship between openess and government size: Evidence from bounds test. Applied Economies, 36(9), 995-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000233221
  • Kılıçarslan, Z., Dumrul, C., & Dumrul, Y. (2021). The compensation and efficiency hypotheses: New evidence for Turkey with rals cointegration and bootstrap causality tests. Erciyes Akademi, 35(4), 1518-1533. https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1013147
  • Kıvılcım, F. (2013). Küreselleşme kavramı ve küreselleşme sürecinin gelişmekte olan ülke Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 219-230.
  • Kimakova, A. (2009). Government size and openness revisited: the case of financial globalization. Kyklos, 62(3), 394-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2009.00442.x
  • Lammers, I., van Gerven-Haanpää, M. M., & Treib, O. (2018). Efficiency or compensation? The global economic crisis and the development of the European Union’s social policy. Global social policy, 18(3), 304-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018118790957
  • Liberati, P. (2007). Trade openness, capital openness and government size. Journal of Public Policy, 27(2), 215–247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X07000670
  • Lin, F., Li, B. & Sim, N. C. (2014), Trade openness and government size of small developing countries: An instrumental approach. Economics of Transition, 22(4), 783-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12053
  • Olawole, K., & Adebayo, T. (2017). Openness and government size: The compensation and efficiency hypotheses considered for Nigeria. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82022/.
  • Özek, Y. & Bayat, T. (2020). BRICS ülkelerinde etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 719-741. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.678776
  • Pata, U. K., & Yurtkuran, S.(2020). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin Rals-eg eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile testi: Türkiye örneği. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (24), 82-95.
  • Pesaran, H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. University of Cambridge Working Paper, 0435. http://ftp.iza.org/dp1240.pdf
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-423X.2007.00227.x
  • Ram, R. (2009). Openness, country size, and government size: Additional evidence from a large cross-country panel. Journal of Public Economics, 93, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.009
  • Reis Mourão, P. (2007). Has trade openness increased all portuguese public expenditures? A detailed time-series study. Financial Theory and Practice, 31(3), 225-247.
  • Rodrik, D. (1998). Why do more open economies have bigger governments?. Journal of Political Economy, 106 (5), 997–1032. https://doi.org/10.1086/250038
  • Sabra, M. M. (2016). Government size, country size, openness and economic growth in selected MENA countries. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 9(1), 39-45.
  • Sarı, E. (2017). Kamu büyüklüğü ve dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir analiz (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Savrul, B. K., & Özel, H. A. (2014). Küreselleşme sürecinde bölgesel entegrasyonların başarı koşulları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 37-54.
  • Sener, S., Bayrakdar, S. & Hacioğlu, V. (2015). The analysis for the validity of compensation and efficiency hypotheses in Turkey between 1975 and 2013. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 624-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.143
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, H. ve Amir, N. (2010). The impact of trade and financial openness on government size: A case study of Pakistan. Journal of Qualıty and Technology Management, 6(1), 105-118.
  • Taşar, İ. (2016). Türkiye’de etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 15-22.
  • Tekin, A., Çınar, İ.T., Sağdıç, E.N., & Yıldız, F. (2023). Trade openness and sustainable government size: Evidence from central and eastern european countries. Sustainability, 15(15), 11836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511836
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
  • Tuncer, G.(2016). Telafi hipotezinin Türkiye’de geçerliliği: Bölgesel panel veri analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (48), 144-154.
  • Tütüncü, A. & Zengin, H. (2019). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin MINT ülkeleri için geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550249
  • Yıldız, Ş. (2024). The relationship between public expenditures and openness in the MIST countries. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(4), 1789-1800. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1255755
  • Yılmaz Şahin, B. & Ceylan, S. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 205 - 224, 18.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1708519
https://izlik.org/JA66UH76HR

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abounoori, E., & Ghaderi, S. (2011). The effect of trade and financial-openness on government size: A case study for MENA. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 2(5), 170-174.
  • Altay, A. & Aysu, A. (2013). Etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezi: Seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. TİSK Akademi, 8(15), 130-154.
  • Araujo, E, Araújo, E, Peres, S. C., & Punzo, LF (2021). An investigation into shapes and determinants of deindustrialization processes: Theory and evidence for developed and developing countries (1970–2017). Economia, 22(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2021.03.001
  • Aydoğuş, I. & Topçu, M. (2013). An investigation of co-integration and causality between trade openness and government size in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(2), 319-323.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aztimur, H., Çadırcı, Ç., & Kaya, L. (2023). Ticari açıklığın kamu kesimi büyüklüğüne etkisi: Çin için ekonometrik bir inceleme. Fiscaoeconomia, 7(1), 771-788. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1195372
  • Bayrakdar, S., & Soyyiğit, S. (2021). Türki Cumhuriyetlerde telafi ve etkinlik hipotezi geçerliliğinin sınanması. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1745-1757. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.852478
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey M. (2008). Trade openness and government size. Economics Letters, 101, 157-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.06.016
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey, M. (2012). The relationship between trade openness and government size: Does disaggregating government expenditure matter?. Journal of Macroeconomics, 34(1), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2011.11.002
  • Cameron, D.R. (1978). The expansion of the public economy: a comparative analysis. The American Political Science Review, 72(4), 1243-1261. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954537
  • Cengiz, O., & Manga, M. (2023). Does economic globalization trigger de-industrialization in western balkan countries? Empirical evidence based on augmented mean group estimator. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 16, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12709
  • Ceylan, S. & Şahin, B. Y. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.323240
  • Cusack, R. T. (1997). Partisan politics and public finance: Changes in public spending in the industrialized democracies, 1995-1989, Published by Springer, 91(314), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004995814758
  • Çelik, S. (2023). Telafi edici ve etkinlik hipotezlerine dair ampirik kanıtlar: Kırılgan beşli örneği. Pearson Journal, 8(25), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365713
  • Dasgupta, S., & Singh A. (2006). Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries. Helsinki United Nations University Research Paper, No. 2006/49. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230801462_23
  • Dura, Y. C., & Yalçıntaş, S. (2022). The relationship between globalization-public expenditure on the basis of the compensation and efficiency hypotheses. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.985925
  • Emirmahmutoglu, F., & Kose, N. (2011). Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 870–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.10.018
  • Emirmahmutoğlu, F. (2011). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde para krizlerinin ekonometrik analizi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Epifani, P. & Gancia, G. (2009). Openness, government size and the terms of trade. Review of Economic Studies, 76(2), 629-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00546.x
  • Garret, G. (2001). Globalization and government spending around the World. Studies in Comperative International Develeopment, 35(4), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02732706
  • Garrett, G. & Mitchell, D. (2001). Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD. European Journal of Political Research, 39(2), 145–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00573
  • Iversen T., & Cusack T. R. (2000). The causes of welfare state expansion: Deindustrialization or globalization?, World Politics. 52(3), 313-349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016567
  • İslam, M. Q. (2004). The long run relationship between openess and government size: Evidence from bounds test. Applied Economies, 36(9), 995-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000233221
  • Kılıçarslan, Z., Dumrul, C., & Dumrul, Y. (2021). The compensation and efficiency hypotheses: New evidence for Turkey with rals cointegration and bootstrap causality tests. Erciyes Akademi, 35(4), 1518-1533. https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1013147
  • Kıvılcım, F. (2013). Küreselleşme kavramı ve küreselleşme sürecinin gelişmekte olan ülke Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 219-230.
  • Kimakova, A. (2009). Government size and openness revisited: the case of financial globalization. Kyklos, 62(3), 394-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2009.00442.x
  • Lammers, I., van Gerven-Haanpää, M. M., & Treib, O. (2018). Efficiency or compensation? The global economic crisis and the development of the European Union’s social policy. Global social policy, 18(3), 304-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018118790957
  • Liberati, P. (2007). Trade openness, capital openness and government size. Journal of Public Policy, 27(2), 215–247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X07000670
  • Lin, F., Li, B. & Sim, N. C. (2014), Trade openness and government size of small developing countries: An instrumental approach. Economics of Transition, 22(4), 783-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12053
  • Olawole, K., & Adebayo, T. (2017). Openness and government size: The compensation and efficiency hypotheses considered for Nigeria. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82022/.
  • Özek, Y. & Bayat, T. (2020). BRICS ülkelerinde etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 719-741. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.678776
  • Pata, U. K., & Yurtkuran, S.(2020). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin Rals-eg eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile testi: Türkiye örneği. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (24), 82-95.
  • Pesaran, H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. University of Cambridge Working Paper, 0435. http://ftp.iza.org/dp1240.pdf
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-423X.2007.00227.x
  • Ram, R. (2009). Openness, country size, and government size: Additional evidence from a large cross-country panel. Journal of Public Economics, 93, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.009
  • Reis Mourão, P. (2007). Has trade openness increased all portuguese public expenditures? A detailed time-series study. Financial Theory and Practice, 31(3), 225-247.
  • Rodrik, D. (1998). Why do more open economies have bigger governments?. Journal of Political Economy, 106 (5), 997–1032. https://doi.org/10.1086/250038
  • Sabra, M. M. (2016). Government size, country size, openness and economic growth in selected MENA countries. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 9(1), 39-45.
  • Sarı, E. (2017). Kamu büyüklüğü ve dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir analiz (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Savrul, B. K., & Özel, H. A. (2014). Küreselleşme sürecinde bölgesel entegrasyonların başarı koşulları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 37-54.
  • Sener, S., Bayrakdar, S. & Hacioğlu, V. (2015). The analysis for the validity of compensation and efficiency hypotheses in Turkey between 1975 and 2013. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 624-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.143
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, H. ve Amir, N. (2010). The impact of trade and financial openness on government size: A case study of Pakistan. Journal of Qualıty and Technology Management, 6(1), 105-118.
  • Taşar, İ. (2016). Türkiye’de etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 15-22.
  • Tekin, A., Çınar, İ.T., Sağdıç, E.N., & Yıldız, F. (2023). Trade openness and sustainable government size: Evidence from central and eastern european countries. Sustainability, 15(15), 11836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511836
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
  • Tuncer, G.(2016). Telafi hipotezinin Türkiye’de geçerliliği: Bölgesel panel veri analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (48), 144-154.
  • Tütüncü, A. & Zengin, H. (2019). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin MINT ülkeleri için geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550249
  • Yıldız, Ş. (2024). The relationship between public expenditures and openness in the MIST countries. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(4), 1789-1800. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1255755
  • Yılmaz Şahin, B. & Ceylan, S. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 205 - 224, 18.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1708519
https://izlik.org/JA66UH76HR

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abounoori, E., & Ghaderi, S. (2011). The effect of trade and financial-openness on government size: A case study for MENA. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 2(5), 170-174.
  • Altay, A. & Aysu, A. (2013). Etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezi: Seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. TİSK Akademi, 8(15), 130-154.
  • Araujo, E, Araújo, E, Peres, S. C., & Punzo, LF (2021). An investigation into shapes and determinants of deindustrialization processes: Theory and evidence for developed and developing countries (1970–2017). Economia, 22(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2021.03.001
  • Aydoğuş, I. & Topçu, M. (2013). An investigation of co-integration and causality between trade openness and government size in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(2), 319-323.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aztimur, H., Çadırcı, Ç., & Kaya, L. (2023). Ticari açıklığın kamu kesimi büyüklüğüne etkisi: Çin için ekonometrik bir inceleme. Fiscaoeconomia, 7(1), 771-788. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1195372
  • Bayrakdar, S., & Soyyiğit, S. (2021). Türki Cumhuriyetlerde telafi ve etkinlik hipotezi geçerliliğinin sınanması. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1745-1757. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.852478
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey M. (2008). Trade openness and government size. Economics Letters, 101, 157-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.06.016
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey, M. (2012). The relationship between trade openness and government size: Does disaggregating government expenditure matter?. Journal of Macroeconomics, 34(1), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2011.11.002
  • Cameron, D.R. (1978). The expansion of the public economy: a comparative analysis. The American Political Science Review, 72(4), 1243-1261. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954537
  • Cengiz, O., & Manga, M. (2023). Does economic globalization trigger de-industrialization in western balkan countries? Empirical evidence based on augmented mean group estimator. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 16, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12709
  • Ceylan, S. & Şahin, B. Y. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.323240
  • Cusack, R. T. (1997). Partisan politics and public finance: Changes in public spending in the industrialized democracies, 1995-1989, Published by Springer, 91(314), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004995814758
  • Çelik, S. (2023). Telafi edici ve etkinlik hipotezlerine dair ampirik kanıtlar: Kırılgan beşli örneği. Pearson Journal, 8(25), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365713
  • Dasgupta, S., & Singh A. (2006). Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries. Helsinki United Nations University Research Paper, No. 2006/49. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230801462_23
  • Dura, Y. C., & Yalçıntaş, S. (2022). The relationship between globalization-public expenditure on the basis of the compensation and efficiency hypotheses. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.985925
  • Emirmahmutoglu, F., & Kose, N. (2011). Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 870–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.10.018
  • Emirmahmutoğlu, F. (2011). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde para krizlerinin ekonometrik analizi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Epifani, P. & Gancia, G. (2009). Openness, government size and the terms of trade. Review of Economic Studies, 76(2), 629-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00546.x
  • Garret, G. (2001). Globalization and government spending around the World. Studies in Comperative International Develeopment, 35(4), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02732706
  • Garrett, G. & Mitchell, D. (2001). Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD. European Journal of Political Research, 39(2), 145–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00573
  • Iversen T., & Cusack T. R. (2000). The causes of welfare state expansion: Deindustrialization or globalization?, World Politics. 52(3), 313-349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016567
  • İslam, M. Q. (2004). The long run relationship between openess and government size: Evidence from bounds test. Applied Economies, 36(9), 995-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000233221
  • Kılıçarslan, Z., Dumrul, C., & Dumrul, Y. (2021). The compensation and efficiency hypotheses: New evidence for Turkey with rals cointegration and bootstrap causality tests. Erciyes Akademi, 35(4), 1518-1533. https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1013147
  • Kıvılcım, F. (2013). Küreselleşme kavramı ve küreselleşme sürecinin gelişmekte olan ülke Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 219-230.
  • Kimakova, A. (2009). Government size and openness revisited: the case of financial globalization. Kyklos, 62(3), 394-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2009.00442.x
  • Lammers, I., van Gerven-Haanpää, M. M., & Treib, O. (2018). Efficiency or compensation? The global economic crisis and the development of the European Union’s social policy. Global social policy, 18(3), 304-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018118790957
  • Liberati, P. (2007). Trade openness, capital openness and government size. Journal of Public Policy, 27(2), 215–247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X07000670
  • Lin, F., Li, B. & Sim, N. C. (2014), Trade openness and government size of small developing countries: An instrumental approach. Economics of Transition, 22(4), 783-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12053
  • Olawole, K., & Adebayo, T. (2017). Openness and government size: The compensation and efficiency hypotheses considered for Nigeria. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82022/.
  • Özek, Y. & Bayat, T. (2020). BRICS ülkelerinde etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 719-741. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.678776
  • Pata, U. K., & Yurtkuran, S.(2020). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin Rals-eg eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile testi: Türkiye örneği. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (24), 82-95.
  • Pesaran, H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. University of Cambridge Working Paper, 0435. http://ftp.iza.org/dp1240.pdf
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-423X.2007.00227.x
  • Ram, R. (2009). Openness, country size, and government size: Additional evidence from a large cross-country panel. Journal of Public Economics, 93, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.009
  • Reis Mourão, P. (2007). Has trade openness increased all portuguese public expenditures? A detailed time-series study. Financial Theory and Practice, 31(3), 225-247.
  • Rodrik, D. (1998). Why do more open economies have bigger governments?. Journal of Political Economy, 106 (5), 997–1032. https://doi.org/10.1086/250038
  • Sabra, M. M. (2016). Government size, country size, openness and economic growth in selected MENA countries. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 9(1), 39-45.
  • Sarı, E. (2017). Kamu büyüklüğü ve dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir analiz (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Savrul, B. K., & Özel, H. A. (2014). Küreselleşme sürecinde bölgesel entegrasyonların başarı koşulları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 37-54.
  • Sener, S., Bayrakdar, S. & Hacioğlu, V. (2015). The analysis for the validity of compensation and efficiency hypotheses in Turkey between 1975 and 2013. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 624-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.143
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, H. ve Amir, N. (2010). The impact of trade and financial openness on government size: A case study of Pakistan. Journal of Qualıty and Technology Management, 6(1), 105-118.
  • Taşar, İ. (2016). Türkiye’de etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 15-22.
  • Tekin, A., Çınar, İ.T., Sağdıç, E.N., & Yıldız, F. (2023). Trade openness and sustainable government size: Evidence from central and eastern european countries. Sustainability, 15(15), 11836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511836
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
  • Tuncer, G.(2016). Telafi hipotezinin Türkiye’de geçerliliği: Bölgesel panel veri analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (48), 144-154.
  • Tütüncü, A. & Zengin, H. (2019). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin MINT ülkeleri için geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550249
  • Yıldız, Ş. (2024). The relationship between public expenditures and openness in the MIST countries. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(4), 1789-1800. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1255755
  • Yılmaz Şahin, B. & Ceylan, S. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511.

Ticari Açıklık ve Kamu Harcamaları İlişkisinin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği (2004-2023)

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 205 - 224, 18.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1708519
https://izlik.org/JA66UH76HR

Öz

Ticari açıklık ile kamu harcamaları arasındaki ilişki ilk kez Cameron (1978) tarafından gündeme getirilmiştir. Bu görüşü daha kapsamlı biçimde Rodrik (1998) geliştirmiştir. Cameron (1978), ticaretin açıklığı ile kamu harcamalarını sosyal güvenlik ve refah harcamaları bağlamında ele alırken, Rodrik (1998) daha geniş bir çerçevede ele almış ve ticari açıklığın gelir dağılımı, sanayi politikaları ve ekonomik istikrar gibi nedenlerle devletin kamu harcamalarını arttırdığını ileri sürmüştür. Bu görüş literatürde telafi hipotezi olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de 81 il düzeyinde telafi hipotezinin geçerliliğini incelemektedir. Bu kapsamda ticari açıklık ile kamu harcamaları arasındaki ilişki 81 ilin 2004-2023 dönemine ait verileriyle, Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen ampirik bulgulara göre panel genelinde ve 17 ilde ticari açıklıktan kamu harcamalarına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumda telafi hipotezinin geçerliliği desteklenmektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen diğer bulgulara göre 14 ilde kamu harcamalarından ticari açıklığa doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi ve 1 ilde de çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Telafi Hipotezi, Ticari Açıklık, Kamu Harcaması, Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse Nedensellik Testi.
JEL Sınıflandırması: H10, F10, C23

Kaynakça

  • Abounoori, E., & Ghaderi, S. (2011). The effect of trade and financial-openness on government size: A case study for MENA. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 2(5), 170-174.
  • Altay, A. & Aysu, A. (2013). Etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezi: Seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. TİSK Akademi, 8(15), 130-154.
  • Araujo, E, Araújo, E, Peres, S. C., & Punzo, LF (2021). An investigation into shapes and determinants of deindustrialization processes: Theory and evidence for developed and developing countries (1970–2017). Economia, 22(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2021.03.001
  • Aydoğuş, I. & Topçu, M. (2013). An investigation of co-integration and causality between trade openness and government size in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(2), 319-323.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aytekin, İ. (2013). Küreselleşme ve ekonomik küreselleşme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 123-134.
  • Aztimur, H., Çadırcı, Ç., & Kaya, L. (2023). Ticari açıklığın kamu kesimi büyüklüğüne etkisi: Çin için ekonometrik bir inceleme. Fiscaoeconomia, 7(1), 771-788. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1195372
  • Bayrakdar, S., & Soyyiğit, S. (2021). Türki Cumhuriyetlerde telafi ve etkinlik hipotezi geçerliliğinin sınanması. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1745-1757. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.852478
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey M. (2008). Trade openness and government size. Economics Letters, 101, 157-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.06.016
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey, M. (2012). The relationship between trade openness and government size: Does disaggregating government expenditure matter?. Journal of Macroeconomics, 34(1), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2011.11.002
  • Cameron, D.R. (1978). The expansion of the public economy: a comparative analysis. The American Political Science Review, 72(4), 1243-1261. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954537
  • Cengiz, O., & Manga, M. (2023). Does economic globalization trigger de-industrialization in western balkan countries? Empirical evidence based on augmented mean group estimator. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 16, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12709
  • Ceylan, S. & Şahin, B. Y. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.323240
  • Cusack, R. T. (1997). Partisan politics and public finance: Changes in public spending in the industrialized democracies, 1995-1989, Published by Springer, 91(314), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004995814758
  • Çelik, S. (2023). Telafi edici ve etkinlik hipotezlerine dair ampirik kanıtlar: Kırılgan beşli örneği. Pearson Journal, 8(25), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365713
  • Dasgupta, S., & Singh A. (2006). Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries. Helsinki United Nations University Research Paper, No. 2006/49. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230801462_23
  • Dura, Y. C., & Yalçıntaş, S. (2022). The relationship between globalization-public expenditure on the basis of the compensation and efficiency hypotheses. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.985925
  • Emirmahmutoglu, F., & Kose, N. (2011). Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 870–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.10.018
  • Emirmahmutoğlu, F. (2011). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde para krizlerinin ekonometrik analizi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Epifani, P. & Gancia, G. (2009). Openness, government size and the terms of trade. Review of Economic Studies, 76(2), 629-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00546.x
  • Garret, G. (2001). Globalization and government spending around the World. Studies in Comperative International Develeopment, 35(4), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02732706
  • Garrett, G. & Mitchell, D. (2001). Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD. European Journal of Political Research, 39(2), 145–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00573
  • Iversen T., & Cusack T. R. (2000). The causes of welfare state expansion: Deindustrialization or globalization?, World Politics. 52(3), 313-349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016567
  • İslam, M. Q. (2004). The long run relationship between openess and government size: Evidence from bounds test. Applied Economies, 36(9), 995-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000233221
  • Kılıçarslan, Z., Dumrul, C., & Dumrul, Y. (2021). The compensation and efficiency hypotheses: New evidence for Turkey with rals cointegration and bootstrap causality tests. Erciyes Akademi, 35(4), 1518-1533. https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1013147
  • Kıvılcım, F. (2013). Küreselleşme kavramı ve küreselleşme sürecinin gelişmekte olan ülke Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 219-230.
  • Kimakova, A. (2009). Government size and openness revisited: the case of financial globalization. Kyklos, 62(3), 394-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2009.00442.x
  • Lammers, I., van Gerven-Haanpää, M. M., & Treib, O. (2018). Efficiency or compensation? The global economic crisis and the development of the European Union’s social policy. Global social policy, 18(3), 304-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018118790957
  • Liberati, P. (2007). Trade openness, capital openness and government size. Journal of Public Policy, 27(2), 215–247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X07000670
  • Lin, F., Li, B. & Sim, N. C. (2014), Trade openness and government size of small developing countries: An instrumental approach. Economics of Transition, 22(4), 783-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12053
  • Olawole, K., & Adebayo, T. (2017). Openness and government size: The compensation and efficiency hypotheses considered for Nigeria. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82022/.
  • Özek, Y. & Bayat, T. (2020). BRICS ülkelerinde etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 719-741. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.678776
  • Pata, U. K., & Yurtkuran, S.(2020). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin Rals-eg eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile testi: Türkiye örneği. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (24), 82-95.
  • Pesaran, H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. University of Cambridge Working Paper, 0435. http://ftp.iza.org/dp1240.pdf
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-423X.2007.00227.x
  • Ram, R. (2009). Openness, country size, and government size: Additional evidence from a large cross-country panel. Journal of Public Economics, 93, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.009
  • Reis Mourão, P. (2007). Has trade openness increased all portuguese public expenditures? A detailed time-series study. Financial Theory and Practice, 31(3), 225-247.
  • Rodrik, D. (1998). Why do more open economies have bigger governments?. Journal of Political Economy, 106 (5), 997–1032. https://doi.org/10.1086/250038
  • Sabra, M. M. (2016). Government size, country size, openness and economic growth in selected MENA countries. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 9(1), 39-45.
  • Sarı, E. (2017). Kamu büyüklüğü ve dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir analiz (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Savrul, B. K., & Özel, H. A. (2014). Küreselleşme sürecinde bölgesel entegrasyonların başarı koşulları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 37-54.
  • Sener, S., Bayrakdar, S. & Hacioğlu, V. (2015). The analysis for the validity of compensation and efficiency hypotheses in Turkey between 1975 and 2013. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 624-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.143
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, H. ve Amir, N. (2010). The impact of trade and financial openness on government size: A case study of Pakistan. Journal of Qualıty and Technology Management, 6(1), 105-118.
  • Taşar, İ. (2016). Türkiye’de etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 15-22.
  • Tekin, A., Çınar, İ.T., Sağdıç, E.N., & Yıldız, F. (2023). Trade openness and sustainable government size: Evidence from central and eastern european countries. Sustainability, 15(15), 11836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511836
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
  • Tuncer, G.(2016). Telafi hipotezinin Türkiye’de geçerliliği: Bölgesel panel veri analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (48), 144-154.
  • Tütüncü, A. & Zengin, H. (2019). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin MINT ülkeleri için geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550249
  • Yıldız, Ş. (2024). The relationship between public expenditures and openness in the MIST countries. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(4), 1789-1800. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1255755
  • Yılmaz Şahin, B. & Ceylan, S. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511.

Analysis of The Relationship Between Trade Openness and Public Expenditures: The Case of Türkiye (2004-2023)

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 205 - 224, 18.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1708519
https://izlik.org/JA66UH76HR

Öz

The view that public expenditures increase with the level of trade openness in the globalisation process was first explained by Cameron (1978) and later by Rodrik (1998). While Cameron (1978) analysed trade openness and public expenditures in the context of social security and welfare expenditures, Rodrik (1978) took a broader approach and argued that trade openness increases government public expenditures for reasons such as income distribution, industrial policies and economic stability. This view is described as the compensation hypothesis in the literature. The aim of this study is to examine the validity of the compensation hypothesis at the level of 81 provinces in Turkey. In this context, the relationship between trade openness and public expenditures is analysed by applying Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) causality test using the data of 81 provinces for the period 2004-2023. According to the empirical findings, a unidirectional causality relationship was found from trade openness to public expenditures across the panel and in 17 provinces. In this case, the validity of the compensation hypothesis is supported. According to other findings of the study, there is a unidirectional causality relationship from public expenditures to trade openness in 14 provinces and a bidirectional causality relationship in 1 province.
Key Words: Compensation Hypothesis, Trade Openness, Public Expenditure, Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse Causality Test
JEL Classification: H10, F10, C23

Kaynakça

  • Abounoori, E., & Ghaderi, S. (2011). The effect of trade and financial-openness on government size: A case study for MENA. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 2(5), 170-174.
  • Altay, A. & Aysu, A. (2013). Etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezi: Seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. TİSK Akademi, 8(15), 130-154.
  • Araujo, E, Araújo, E, Peres, S. C., & Punzo, LF (2021). An investigation into shapes and determinants of deindustrialization processes: Theory and evidence for developed and developing countries (1970–2017). Economia, 22(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2021.03.001
  • Aydoğuş, I. & Topçu, M. (2013). An investigation of co-integration and causality between trade openness and government size in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(2), 319-323.
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  • Bayrakdar, S., & Soyyiğit, S. (2021). Türki Cumhuriyetlerde telafi ve etkinlik hipotezi geçerliliğinin sınanması. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1745-1757. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.852478
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey M. (2008). Trade openness and government size. Economics Letters, 101, 157-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.06.016
  • Benarroch, M., & Pandey, M. (2012). The relationship between trade openness and government size: Does disaggregating government expenditure matter?. Journal of Macroeconomics, 34(1), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2011.11.002
  • Cameron, D.R. (1978). The expansion of the public economy: a comparative analysis. The American Political Science Review, 72(4), 1243-1261. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954537
  • Cengiz, O., & Manga, M. (2023). Does economic globalization trigger de-industrialization in western balkan countries? Empirical evidence based on augmented mean group estimator. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 16, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12709
  • Ceylan, S. & Şahin, B. Y. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.323240
  • Cusack, R. T. (1997). Partisan politics and public finance: Changes in public spending in the industrialized democracies, 1995-1989, Published by Springer, 91(314), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004995814758
  • Çelik, S. (2023). Telafi edici ve etkinlik hipotezlerine dair ampirik kanıtlar: Kırılgan beşli örneği. Pearson Journal, 8(25), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365713
  • Dasgupta, S., & Singh A. (2006). Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries. Helsinki United Nations University Research Paper, No. 2006/49. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230801462_23
  • Dura, Y. C., & Yalçıntaş, S. (2022). The relationship between globalization-public expenditure on the basis of the compensation and efficiency hypotheses. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.985925
  • Emirmahmutoglu, F., & Kose, N. (2011). Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 870–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.10.018
  • Emirmahmutoğlu, F. (2011). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde para krizlerinin ekonometrik analizi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Epifani, P. & Gancia, G. (2009). Openness, government size and the terms of trade. Review of Economic Studies, 76(2), 629-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00546.x
  • Garret, G. (2001). Globalization and government spending around the World. Studies in Comperative International Develeopment, 35(4), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02732706
  • Garrett, G. & Mitchell, D. (2001). Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD. European Journal of Political Research, 39(2), 145–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00573
  • Iversen T., & Cusack T. R. (2000). The causes of welfare state expansion: Deindustrialization or globalization?, World Politics. 52(3), 313-349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016567
  • İslam, M. Q. (2004). The long run relationship between openess and government size: Evidence from bounds test. Applied Economies, 36(9), 995-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000233221
  • Kılıçarslan, Z., Dumrul, C., & Dumrul, Y. (2021). The compensation and efficiency hypotheses: New evidence for Turkey with rals cointegration and bootstrap causality tests. Erciyes Akademi, 35(4), 1518-1533. https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1013147
  • Kıvılcım, F. (2013). Küreselleşme kavramı ve küreselleşme sürecinin gelişmekte olan ülke Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 219-230.
  • Kimakova, A. (2009). Government size and openness revisited: the case of financial globalization. Kyklos, 62(3), 394-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2009.00442.x
  • Lammers, I., van Gerven-Haanpää, M. M., & Treib, O. (2018). Efficiency or compensation? The global economic crisis and the development of the European Union’s social policy. Global social policy, 18(3), 304-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018118790957
  • Liberati, P. (2007). Trade openness, capital openness and government size. Journal of Public Policy, 27(2), 215–247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X07000670
  • Lin, F., Li, B. & Sim, N. C. (2014), Trade openness and government size of small developing countries: An instrumental approach. Economics of Transition, 22(4), 783-808. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12053
  • Olawole, K., & Adebayo, T. (2017). Openness and government size: The compensation and efficiency hypotheses considered for Nigeria. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82022/.
  • Özek, Y. & Bayat, T. (2020). BRICS ülkelerinde etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 719-741. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.678776
  • Pata, U. K., & Yurtkuran, S.(2020). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin Rals-eg eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile testi: Türkiye örneği. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (24), 82-95.
  • Pesaran, H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. University of Cambridge Working Paper, 0435. http://ftp.iza.org/dp1240.pdf
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-423X.2007.00227.x
  • Ram, R. (2009). Openness, country size, and government size: Additional evidence from a large cross-country panel. Journal of Public Economics, 93, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.009
  • Reis Mourão, P. (2007). Has trade openness increased all portuguese public expenditures? A detailed time-series study. Financial Theory and Practice, 31(3), 225-247.
  • Rodrik, D. (1998). Why do more open economies have bigger governments?. Journal of Political Economy, 106 (5), 997–1032. https://doi.org/10.1086/250038
  • Sabra, M. M. (2016). Government size, country size, openness and economic growth in selected MENA countries. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 9(1), 39-45.
  • Sarı, E. (2017). Kamu büyüklüğü ve dışa açıklık arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir analiz (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Savrul, B. K., & Özel, H. A. (2014). Küreselleşme sürecinde bölgesel entegrasyonların başarı koşulları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 37-54.
  • Sener, S., Bayrakdar, S. & Hacioğlu, V. (2015). The analysis for the validity of compensation and efficiency hypotheses in Turkey between 1975 and 2013. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 624-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.143
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, H. ve Amir, N. (2010). The impact of trade and financial openness on government size: A case study of Pakistan. Journal of Qualıty and Technology Management, 6(1), 105-118.
  • Taşar, İ. (2016). Türkiye’de etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezlerinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 15-22.
  • Tekin, A., Çınar, İ.T., Sağdıç, E.N., & Yıldız, F. (2023). Trade openness and sustainable government size: Evidence from central and eastern european countries. Sustainability, 15(15), 11836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511836
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
  • Tuncer, G.(2016). Telafi hipotezinin Türkiye’de geçerliliği: Bölgesel panel veri analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (48), 144-154.
  • Tütüncü, A. & Zengin, H. (2019). Telafi ve etkinlik hipotezlerinin MINT ülkeleri için geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550249
  • Yıldız, Ş. (2024). The relationship between public expenditures and openness in the MIST countries. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(4), 1789-1800. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1255755
  • Yılmaz Şahin, B. & Ceylan, S. (2018). Kamu büyüklüğü dışa açıklık ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 501-511.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Maliye Kuramı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Serhat Gözen 0000-0002-1004-2103

Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1708519
IZ https://izlik.org/JA66UH76HR
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gözen, S. (2026). Ticari Açıklık ve Kamu Harcamaları İlişkisinin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği (2004-2023). Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 33(1), 205-224. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1708519