Yönetim ve Organizasyon Çalışmalarında Meta-Sentez Araştırmalarının Sentezlenmesi: Neredeyiz? Nereye Gitmeliyiz?

Öz

Nitel meta-sentez metodolojisi, geleneksel yöntemlerin yetersiz kaldığı çeşitli sorulara yanıtlar sunarak farklı disiplinlerdeki akademisyenlerden büyük ilgi görmüştür. Bununla birlikte, yönetim ve organizasyon literatüründe ise, nitel meta-sentez araştırmaları henüz gelişim aşamasındadır. Bu bağlamda, mevcut çalışma, yönetim ve organizasyon literatüründeki nitel me-ta-sentez araştırmalarının kavramsal ve metodolojik çerçevesini derleme konusu, tarama yöntemleri, incelenen makale sayısı, makalelerin değerlendirme yöntemleri ve sentez yöntemleri açısından araştırmıştır. 9 meta-sentez çalışması ışığında, yönetim ve organizasyon alanındaki meta-sentez araştırmalarında başta hemşirelerin çalışma yaşamları olmak üzere çeşitli bağlam ve konuların ele alındığı tespit edilmiştir. Çok çeşitli veri tabanları ve dergi temelli aramalar yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca anahtar kelimelerin kavramı kapsayacak şekilde farklı anahtar kelimelerin varyasyonlarından oluşacak şekilde belirlendiği gözlemlenmiştir. Dâhil edilme kriterleri açısından çalışmalarda ağırlıklı olarak nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanılması, araş-tırma sorularının araştırmaya konu olan kavramı ele alması, İngilizce veya belirli bir dilde yazılmış olması ve hakemli makaleler olması kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Yöntem açısından ise, incelenen çalışmalar nitel meta-sentez yaklaşımına ek olarak farklı yaklaşımlar kullanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meta-sentez
• nitel araştırma
• sistematik derleme
• nitel sentez

Synthesizing the Meta-Synthesis Research in Management and Organization Studies: Where Are We? Where Should We Go?

Öz

Qualitative meta-synthesis methodology has received considerable attention from scholars in a variety of disciplines by answering a widening range of questions for which traditional meth-ods have proven inadequate. However, turning to management and organization research, the meta-synthesis of qualitative research is nascent in the literature. In this context, the present study investigated the conceptual and methodological framework of meta-synthesis of qual-itative research in the management and organization literature in terms of review subject, methods for searching, number of reviewed papers, appraisal methods of papers, and methods of synthesis. By investigating 9 meta-synthesis studies, it was found that a variety of contexts and subjects, mainly nurses’ working lives, were addressed in meta-synthesis research in the management and organization field. A wide range of databases and journal-based searches were performed. Also, the keywords were used as composed of variations of different key-words to cover the concept. In terms of inclusion criteria, the studies mainly used criteria as using qualitative research method, the research questions addressed the concept, written in English or a specific language, and peer-reviewed articles. In terms of methods, reviewed studies used different approaches in addition to the qualitative meta-synthesis approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meta-synthesis
• qualitative research
• systematic review
• qualitative synthesis

Kaynakça

1. REFERENCES
2. Achterbergh, L., Pitman, A., Birken, M., Pearce, E., Sno, H., & Johnson, S. (2020). The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: A qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 1–23.
3. Andersen, M. F., Nielsen, K. M., & Brinkmann, S. (2012). Meta-synthesis of qualitative research on return to work among employees with common mental disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 38, 93–104.
4. Aspfors, J., & Fransson, G. (2015). Research on mentor education for mentors of newly qualified teachers: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 48, 75–86.
5. Booth, A. (2006). Clear and present questions: Formulating questions for evidence-based practice. Library Hi Tech, 24, 355–368.
6. Booth, A., Noyes, J., Flemming, K., Gerhardus, A., Wahlster, P., van der Wilt, G. J., Mozygemba, K., Refolo, P., Sacchini, D., Tummers, M., & Rehfuess, E. (2018). Structured methodology review identified seven (RETREAT) criteria for selecting qualitative evidence synthesis approaches. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 99, 41–52.
7. Chrastina, J. (2018). Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies: Background, Methodology and Applications. NORDSCI Conference Proceedings Book 1 Volume 1, 113–121.
8. Cooke, A., Smith, D., & Booth, A. (2012). Beyond PICO: The SPIDER tool for qualitative evidence synthesis. Qualitative Health Research, 22(, 1435–1443.

9. Dawson, A. J., Nkowane, A. M., & Whelan, A. (2015). Approaches to improving the contribution of the nursing and midwifery workforce to increasing universal access to primary health care for vulnerable populations: A systematic review. Human Resources for Health, 13, 97.
10. Dawson, Angela J. (2019). Meta-synthesis of qualitative research. 785–804. Dixon-Woods, M. (2011). Using framework-based synthesis for conducting reviews of qualitative studies. BMC Medicine, 9, 39.
11. Dixon-Woods, M., Booth, A., & Sutton, A. J. (2007). Synthesizing qualitative research: A review of published reports. Qualitative Research, 7, 375–421.
12. Elmore, J., Wright, D. K., & Paradis, M. (2018). Nurses’ moral experiences of assisted death: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Nursing Ethics, 25, 955–972.
13. Finfgeld, D. L. (2003). Metasynthesis: The state of the art - So far. Qualitative Health Research, 13, 893–904.
14. Flemming, K. (2007). The synthesis of qualitative research and evidence-based nursing. Evidence-Based Nursing, 10, 68–71.
15. Flemming, K., & Noyes, J. (2021). Qualitative evidence synthesis: Where are we at? International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1–13.
16. Flemming, K., Booth, A., Garside, R., Tunçalp, Ö., & Noyes, J. (2019). Qualitative evidence synthesis for complex interventions and guideline development: Clarification of the purpose, designs and relevant methods. BMJ Global Health, 4, 1–9.
17. Gewurtz, R., & Kirsh, B. (2009). Disruption, disbelief and resistance: A meta-synthesis of disability in the workplace. Work, 34, 33–44.
18. Hannes, K., & Macaitis, K. (2012). A move to more systematic and transparent approaches in qualitative evidence synthesis: Update on a review of published papers. Qualitative Research, 12, 402– 442.
19. Hannes, K., & Pearson, A. (2011). Obstacles to the implementation of evidence-based practice in Belgium: A worked example of meta-aggregation. In Synthesizing Qualitative Research (pp. 21–39).
20. Harris, J. L., Booth, A., Cargo, M., Hannes, K., Harden, A., Flemming, K., Garside, R., Pantoja, T., Thomas, J., & Noyes, J. (2018). Cochrane qualitative and implementation methods group guidance series —paper 2: Methods for question formulation, searching, and protocol development for qualitative evidence synthesis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 97, 39–48.
21. Janka, M. (2021). Enabling formal MCS design and use: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 17, 133–163.
22. Jovanovski, N., & Cook, K. (2019). The vulnerable-empowered mother of academic food discourses: A qualitative meta-synthesis of studies of low-income mothers and food provisioning. Health Sociology Review, 28, 107–125.
23. Laging, B., Ford, R., Bauer, M., & Nay, R. (2015). A meta-synthesis of factors influencing nursing home staff decisions to transfer residents to hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71, 2224–2236.
24. Lazazzara, A., Tims, M., & de Gennaro, D. (2020). The process of reinventing a job: A meta–synthesis of qualitative job crafting research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 116(January 2019), 103267.
25. MacKay, S. C., Smith, A., Kyle, R. G., & Beattie, M. (2021). What influences nurses’ decisions to work in rural and remote settings?: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Rural and Remote Health, 21, 1–26.
26. Melendez-Torres, G. J., Grant, S., & Bonell, C. (2015). A systematic review and critical appraisal of qualitative metasynthetic practice in public health to develop a taxonomy of operations of reciprocal translation. Research Synthesis Methods, 6, 357–371.
27. Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-ethnography: Synthesizing qualitative studies (Vol. 11). Sage. Noyes, J., Popay, J., Pearson, A., Hannes, K., & Booth, A. (2008). Qualitative research and Cochrane reviews. In Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (pp. 571–591).
28. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2004). Enhancing the interpretation of “significant” findings: The role of mixed methods research. The Qualitative Report, 9, 770–792.
29. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L., & Collins, K. M. T. (2012). Qualitative analysis techniques for the review of the literature. The Qualitative Report, 17, 1–28.
30. Sabatino, L., Stievano, A., Rocco, G., Kallio, H., Pietila, A.-M., & Kangasniemi, M. K. (2014). The dignity of the nursing profession: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Nursing Ethics, 21, 659–672.
31. Schreiber, R., Crooks, D., & Stern, P. N. (1997). Qualitative meta-analysis. In J. M. Morse (Ed.), Completing a qualitative project: Details and dialogue (pp. 311–326). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
32. Shao, Q., Wang, Y., Hou, K., Zhao, H., & Sun, X. (2021). The psychological experiences of nurses after inpatient suicide: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77, 4005–4016.
33. Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 1–10.
34. Thorne, S. (2022). Qualitative meta-synthesis. Nurse Author & Editor, 32, 15–18.