PARLAMENTOLARIN ANASI WESTMINSTER PARLAMENTOSU: TARİHSEL - KURAMSAL KÖKENLER, KURUMSAL YAPI VE KANUN YAPIM SÜRECİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 447 - 499, 17.08.2020

Türker Ertaş

Öz

Tüm parlamentoların anası olarak bilinen Westminster Parlamentosu, kurumsal ve fonksiyonel boyutta gerçek anlamıyla ve devamlı nitelikte yasama iktidarı hüviyetine bürünen ilk modern parlamentodur. Kökenini karma yönetim teorisinden alan Westminster Parlamentosu 1688 Devrimi sonrasında sınırlı hükümet, parlamentonun egemenliği, hesap verebilir yönetim gibi anayasal ilke ve kavramların tesisine yol açmıştır. Çift meclis sisteminin prototipi olarak Westminster Parlamentosu’nun, çift meclisli yasama organı benimseyen birtakım anayasal düzenler üzerinde önemli etkisi olmuştur. Aynı husus parlamenter hükümet sistemini benimseyen anayasalar için de geçerlidir. Çalışmada bu bağlamda Westminster Parlamentosu’nun tarihsel ve kuramsal kökenleri, yapısı ile İngiliz kanun yapım süreci incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Westminster Parlamentosu, Karma Yönetim, Kuvvetler Ayrılığı, Avam Kamarası, Lordlar Kamarası, İngiliz Kanun Yapım Süreci

Kaynakça

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