Balıklarda Lipid Metabolizması

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 303 - 317, 01.09.2017

Osman Tolga Özel , Ergin Öztürk , Ali Vaiz Garipoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.vi.271321

Öz

Abstract 

 

Lipids are high-energy compounds which
have a vital role for growth, reproduction, health, immune system, nervous
system and structural and functional integrity of cell membrans. Lipids are
needed for various processes of digestive physiology and metabolism in the
body. Fish use the fatty acids which found in dietary lipid sources or which
they synthesize in their bodies for various purposes. While some fatty acids
enter in structure of structural and storage lipids, the others are oxidized
for energy production.

 

Keywords: Fish, Fatty
acid, Lipid Metabolisms, Biosynthesis

 

Özet

 

Lipitler balıklar için büyüme, gelişme,
üreme, sağlık, bağışıklık, sinir sistemi gelişimi, hücre zarlarının yapısal ve işlevsel bütünlüğünün
muhafazası gibi hayati öneme sahip yüksek enerjili besin maddeleridir. Lipitlere
vücut içerisinde farklı sindirim fizyolojisi ve metabolizması süreçleri için
ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Balıklar diyetsel kaynaklarla aldıkları lipitlerin
yapısında bulunan ve vücutlarında sentezledikleri yağ asitlerini farklı amaçlar
için kullanılmaktadır. Bir kısım yağ asitleri yapısal ve depo lipitlerinin
yapısına girerken, bazıları enerji üretmek üzere oksidasyona maruz kalmakta ve diğer
bazı yağ asitleri ise farklı değişim süreçlerine uğramaktadır.

 

Anahtar kelimeler: Balık,
Yağ asidi, Lipit Metabolizması, Biyosentez

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balık, Yağ asidi, biyosentez, lipid metabolizması

Kaynakça

• Agaba M.K., Tocher D.R., Zheng X., Dickson C.A., Dick J.R., Teale J., 2005. Cloning and functional characterisation of polyunsaturated fatty acid elongases of marine and freshwater teleost fish, Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. Nov,142(3):342-52.
• Ali A., Al-Ogaily S.M., Al-Asgah N.A., Ali S., 2000. Effect of dietary lipid source on the growth performance and body composition of Oreochromis niloticus, Pakistan Vet. J., 20 (2): 57-63.
• Babalola T.O.O., Apata D.F., 2011. Chemical and quality evaluation of some alternative lipid sources for aqua feed production, Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(6): 935-943, DOI:10.5251/abjna.2011.2.6.935.943.
• Bolanle F.S., 2011. Effect of replacing dietary fish oil with vegetable oils on the economics of catfısh (Clarias gariepinus) feed production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
• Bouraoui L., Sanchez-Gurmaches J., Cruz-Garcia L., Gutierrez J., Benedito-Palos L., Perez-Sanchez J., Navarro I., 2011. Effect of dietary fish meal and fish oil replacement on lipogenic and lipoprotein lipase activities and plasma insulin in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17:1, 54–63.
• Dadras S., 2013. Composition and morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as affected by dietary oil. Master Thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Norway.
• De Silva S.S., Anderson T.A., 1995. Fish nutrition in aquaculture, First Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 319 p.
• Diaz-Lopez M., Perez M.J., Acosta N.G., Jerez S., Dorta-Guerra R., Tocher D.R., Lorenzo A., 2010. Effects of dietary fish oil substitution by echium oil on enterocyte and hepatocyte lipid metabolism of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol., Apr;155(4): 371-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.12.004.
• Gatlin D.M., 2010. Principle of fish nutrition. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication No.5003.
• Glencross B., 2009. Exploring the nutritional demand for essential fatty acids by aquaculture species, Reviews in Aquaculture1, 71–124, DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-5131.2009.01006.x.
• Henderson R.J.,1996. Fatty acid metabolism in freshwater fish with particular reference to polyunsaturated fatty acids, Arch. Anim. Nutr., 49, 5-22.
• Jonasson B., 2008. Replacing fish oil in Arctic charr diets, Master Thesis, University of Akureyri Department of Business and Science.
• Karabulut A., 1991. Besleme fizyolojisi ve metabolizması ders notu, Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi.
• Karalazos V., 2007. Sustainable alternatives to fish meal and fish oil in fish nutrition: Effects on growth, tissue fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism, Thesis of Doctor Of Philosophy, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland.
• Kennedy S.R., 2007. Bioactive fatty acids as dietary supplements for farmed fish: effects on growth performance, lipid metabolism, gene expression and immune parameters, Thesis of Doctor Of Philosophy, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland.
• Kullgren A., 2011. Environmental, nutritional and endocrine regulation of metabolic processes in fish, Thesis of Doctor Of Philosophy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
• Laohabanjong R., Tantikitti C., Benjakul S., Supamattaya K., Boonyaratpalin M., 2009. Lipid oxidation in fish meal stored under different conditions on growth, feed efficiency and hepatopancreatic cells of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Aquaculture 286, 283-289.
• Masiha A., Ebrahimi E., Soofiani N.M., Kadivar M., 2013. Effect of dietary vegetable oils on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of fingerlings of Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Food Science and Technology 1:2, 21-29, DOI: 10.13189/fst.2013.010202.
• Monroig O., Zheng X., Morais S., Leaver M.J., Taggart J.B., Tocher D.R., 2010. Multiple genes for functional Δ6 fatty acyl desaturases (Fad) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Gene and cDNA characterization, functional expression, tissue distribution and nutritional regulation, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1801, 1072–1081.
• Monroig O., Tocher D.R., Navarro J.C., 2013. Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine ınvertebrates: recent advances in molecular mechanisms, Mar. Drugs, 11, 3998-4018, DOI:10.3390/md11103998.
• Mourente G., Dick J.R., Bell J.G., Tocher D.R., 2005. Effect of partial substitution of dietary fish oil by vegetable oils on desaturation and h-oxidation of [1-14C] 18:3n-3 (LNA) and [1-14C] 20:5n-3 (EPA) in hepatocytes and enterocytes of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), Aquaculture 248, 173-186.
• Murray R.K., Mayes P.A., Granner D.K., Rodwell V.W., 1993. Harper’s biochemistry, Twenty-Sixth Edition.
• Nakamura M.T., Nara T.Y., 2003. Essential fatty acid synthesis and its regulation in mammals, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 68, 145-150.
• Nakamura M.T., Nara T.Y., 2004. Structure, function, and dietary Regulation of Δ6, Δ5, and Δ9 desaturases, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 24, 345-76, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.121803.063211.
• Pan J.F., 2013. Effects of non-fish based raw materials on the fish muscle quality of salmonids, Doctoral Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
• Pereira S.L., Leonard A.E., Mukerji P., 2003. Recent advances in the study of fatty acid desaturases from animals and lower eukaryotes, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 68, 97-106.
• Petterson A., 2010. Effects of replacing fish oil with vegetable oils in feed for Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), Doctoral Thesis, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae.
• Prindville J.S., 2010. Circulating lipoproteins and tissue lipids: Effects of gemfibrozil on lipid metabolism in rainbow trout, Thesis of Master, University of Ottawa, Canada.
• Rossetti N.A., 2011. The effect of dietary fish oil replacement with soybean oil on growth and health of dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonıcus (pisces: sciaenidae), Master Thesis, Rhodes University.
• Santigosa E., Geay F., Tonon T., Le Delliou H., Kuhl H., Reinhardt,R., Corcos L., 2011. Cloning, tissue expression analysis, and functional characterization of two Δ6-desaturase variants of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), Mar biotechnol 13, 22–31, DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9264-4.
• Senadheera S.D., 2012. Modulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis in freshwater farmed fish, Thesis of Doctor of Philosophy, Deakin University.
• Singh S.K., Rather M.A., Mamndal S.C., Das P., Pawar N., Singh Y.J., Dar S.A., 2012. Effects of dietary fish oil substitution with palm oil on growth, survival, and muscle proximate composition of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822), The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture- Bamidgeh.
• Sotolu A.O., 2010. Feed utilization and biochemical characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings fed diets containing fish oil and vegetable oils as total replacements, World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 2.2, 93-98.
• Steffens W., 1997. Effects of variation feeds on nutritive in essential fatty acids in fish value of freshwater fish for humans, Aquaculture, 151, 97-l 19.
• Stubhuag I., Tocher D.R., Bell J.G., Dick J.R., Torstensen B.E., 2005. Fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes, and influence of dietary vegetable oil, Biochim Biophys Acta. 1734:3,277-88.
• Tocher D.R., Bell J.G., Dick J.R., Sargent J.R., 1997. Fatty acyl desaturation in isolated hepatocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): stimulation by dietary borage oil containing γ-linolenic acid, Lipids, Dec; 32:12, 1237-1247.
• Tocher D.R., Bell J.G., MacGlaughlin P., McGhee F., Dick J.R., 2001. Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil, Comparitive Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 130, 257-270.
• Tocher D.R., 2003. Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish, Reviews in Fisheries Science, 11.2, 107-184.
• Tocher D.R., Bell J.G., McGhee F., Dick J.R., Fonseca-Madrigal J., 2003a. Effects of dietary lipid level and vegetable oil on fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) over the whole production cycle, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 29.3, 193-209.
• Tocher D.R., Agaba M., Hastings,N., Teale A., 2003b. Biochemical and molecular studies of the polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturation pathway in fish. In: Browman H I, Skiftesvik A B (ed.), The Big Fish Bang: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Larval Fish Conference, Bergen, Norwary: Institute of Marine Research (IMR) / Fishlarvae.com, 211-228.
• Torstensen B.E., Tocher D.R., 2010. The effects of fish oil replacement on lipid metabolism of fish. Fish Oil Replacement and Alternative Lipid Sources in Aquaculture Feeds Edited by Giovanni M. Turchini, Wing-Keong Ng, and Douglas R. Tocher. 405-437, DOI: 10.1201/978143980634-c13.
• Trattner S., 2009. Quality of lipids in fish fed vegetable oils. Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Food Science.
• Turchini G.M., Torstensen B.E., Ng W.K., 2009. Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Reviews in Aquaculture. 1, 10-57, DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-5131.2008.01001.x.
• Zambiazi R.C., Przybylski R., Zambiazi M.W., Mendonça C.B., 2007. Fatty acid composition of vegetable oils and fats, B.CEPPA, Curitiba, 25:1, 111-120.
• Zheng X., Tocher D.R., Dickson C.A., Bell J.G., Teale A.J., 2004a. Effects of diets containing vegetable oil on expression of genes involved in highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Aquaculture, 236, 467-483.
• Zheng X., Seiliez I., Hastings N., Tocher D.R., Panserat S., Dickson C.A., Bergot P., Teale A.J., 2004b. Characterization and comparison of fatty acyl D6 desaturase cDNAs from freshwater and marine teleost fish species, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 139, 269-279.
• Zheng X., Torstensen B.E., Tocher D.R., Dick J.R., Henderson R.J., Bell J.G., 2005. Environmental and dietary influences on highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and expression of fatty acyl desaturase and elongase genes in liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1734, 13- 24.