Solucan Gübresi (Vermikompost)’nin Domates (Solanum lycopersicum)’te Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary’un Neden Olduğu Kök Çürüklüğü Hastalığına Etkileri
Bu çalışmada Solucan
Gübresi (Vermikompost) uygulamasının domates yetiştiriciliğinde önemli sorun
olan ve verim kayıplarına yol açan
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Barypatojeninin neden olduğu kök çürüklüğü hastalığı ve domateste
bazı gelişim parametreleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın birinci
aşamasında laboratuvar ortamında yapılan in vitro çalışmalarda
vermikompostun S. sclerotiorum’un
gelişmine etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümlerde S.sclerotiorum’un
tüm petrilerde geliştiği saptanmıştır. Vermikompost emdirilen disklerin ise S. sclerotiorum’un koloni gelişimini
engellemediği, ancak sklerot oluşumunun engellendiği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın
ikinci aşamasında in vivo koşullarda vermikompostun domates
bitkilerinin gelişimi ve S.
sclerotiorum’un neden olduğu kök çürüklüğü hastalığına etkisi
araştırılmıştır. Denemede hastalığa duyarlı iki farklı domates çeşidi (142
235 F1, Alsancak RN F1) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda her iki domates
çeşidine ait fide gelişim parametreleri açısından muamale grupları arasında
istatistiki açıdan önemli farklılıkların olduğu ve genel olarak
vermikompostun fide gelişimi açısından olumlu etkisinin olmadığı
belirlenmiştir. Vermikompostun domates fidelerindeki hastalık şiddeti
üzerinde de engelleyici etkisinin olmadığı, kontrol uygulamasına göre daha
yüksek hastalık şiddetine neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Agrios, G. N. (1997). Control of plant diseases. Plant pathology, 5, 295-357.
Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Lee, S., & Byrne, R. (2006). Effects of humic acids from vermicomposts on plant growth. European journal of soil biology, 42, 65-69.
Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Bierman, P., Welch, C., & Metzger, J. D. (2004). Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource technology, 93(2), 145-153.
Atiyeh, R. M., Domínguez, J., Subler, S., & Edwards, C. A. (2000). Changes in biochemical properties of cow manure during processing by earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Bouché) and the effects on seedling growth. Pedobiologia, 44(6), 709-724.
Bellitürk, K., Aslan, S., & Eker, M. (2013). Ekosistem mühendisleri diye adlandırılan toprak solucanlarından elde edilen vermikompostun bitkisel üretim açısından önemi. Hasad Aylık Tarım Dergisi, 29(340), 84-87.
Bolton, M. D., Thomma, B. P., & Nelson, B. D. (2006). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Molecular plant pathology, 7(1), 1-16.
Boyno, G., Demirer Durak, E., & Demir, S. (2018, May). Effect of Different Doses of Vermicompost Application to Some Fungi in Vitro Conditions. International Agricultural Science Congress, Van. 548.
Chandler, J. M., & Santelmann, P. W. (1968). Interactions of four herbicides with Rhizoctonia solani on seedling cotton. Weed Science, 16(4), 453-456.
Chaoui, H., Edwards, C. A., Brickner, A., Lee, S. S., & Arancon, N. Q. (2002, November). Suppression of the plant diseases, Pythium (damping-off), Rhizoctonia (root rot) and Verticillium (wilt) by vermicomposts. In Brighton crop protection conference pests and diseases 2,711-716.
Edwards, C. A., & Arancon, N. Q. (2004). Interactions among organic matter, earthworms, and microorganisms in promoting plant growth. Soil organic matter in sustainable agricultural, 1(7), 329-376.
Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q., Vasko-Bennett, M., Askar, A., Keeney, G., & Little, B. (2009). Suppression of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (Sulz.), citrus mealy bug (Planococcus citri) (Risso), and two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Koch) attacks on tomatoes and cucumbers by aqueous extracts from vermicomposts. Crop Protection, 29, 80-93.
Fritz, J. I., Franke-Whittle, I. H., Haindl, S., Insam, H., & Braun, R. (2012). Microbiological community analysis of vermicompost tea and its influence on the growth of vegetables and cereals. Canadian journal of microbiology, 58(7), 836-847.
Garg, V. K., Suthar, S., & Yadav, A. (2012). Management of food industry waste employing vermicomposting technology. Bioresource technology, 126, 437-443.
Hoitink, H. A. J., Stone, A. G., & Han, D. Y. (1997). Suppression of plant diseases by composts. HortScience, 32(2), 184-187.
Ingham, E. (2005). The Compost Tea Brewing Manual. 5th Ed. Ed. Corvallis, OR, Soil Foodweb Incorporated. 91.
Jones, J.B., Stall, R.E., & Zitter T.A. (1993). List of plant diseases in american samoaf redbrooks, Plant Pathologist Technical Report.32.
Manivannan, S., Balamurugan, M., Parthasarathi, K., Gunasekaran, G., & Ranganathan, L. S. (2009). Effect of vermicompost on soil fertility and crop productivity-beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of environmental biology, 30(2), 275-281.
Nagavallemma, K. P., Wani, S. P., Lacroix, S., Padmaja, V. V., Vineela, C., Rao, M. B., & Sahrawat, K. L. (2004). Vermicomposting: Recycling wastes into valuable organic fertilizer. Global Theme on Agroecosystems Report no. 8.
Pant, A. P., Radovich, T. J., Hue, N. V., Talcott, S. T., & Krenek, K. A. (2009). Vermicompost extracts influence growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity in pak choi (Brassica rapa cv. Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown under vermicompost and chemical fertiliser. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(14), 2383-2392.
Rodriguez-Navarro, D. N., Buendia, A. M., Camacho, M., Lucas, M. M., & Santamaria, C. (2000). Characterization of Rhizobium spp. bean isolates from South-West Spain. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32(11-12), 1601-1613.
SAS, 1998. SAS/STAT Software: hangen and Enhanced. Sas, Ins. Inc. Cri. NCI.
Scheuerell, S., & Mahaffee, W. (2002). Compost tea: principles and prospects for plant disease control. Compost Science & Utilization, 10(4), 313-338.
Szczech, M. M. (1999). Suppressiveness of vermicompost against Fusarium wilt of tomato. Journal of Phytopathology, 147(3), 155-161.
Şimsek-Erşahin, Y., Haktanir, K., & Yanar, Y. (2008). Benefits of vermiculture in waste management and agriculture. Blacksea International Environmental Symposıum (BIES’08), 2, 489–510.
Tu, J. C. (1989). Management of white mold of white beans in Ontario. Plant Dis, 73(4), 281-285.
Tutar, U. (2013). Toprak Solucanlarından Elde Edilen Vermikompostun Bazı Bitki Patojenleri Üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(2), 1-12.
Weltzien, H.C., 1991. Biocontrol of foliar fungal disease with compost extracts. In: Microbial Ecology of Leaves (J.H. Andrews, S.S. Hirano, ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, USA. 430-450.
Willetts, H. J., & Wong, J. A. L. (1980). The biology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, and S. minor with emphasis on specific nomenclature. The Botanical Review, 46(2), 101-165.
Determination of Effects of Worm Manure (Vermicompost) Application to Root Rot Dısease Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
In this study, the effect of worm manure (Vermicompost) application on root rot disease and tomato growth parameters were investigated. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes significant yield loss in tomato cultivation. In the first phase of the study, the effect of vermicompost on the development of S. sclerotiorum was investigated. It was determined that S. sclerotiorum develops in all petris and discs impregnated with vermicompost did not prevent colony development of S. sclerotiorum, but sclerot formation was prevented. In the second stage of the study, the effect of vermicompost on the development of tomato plants and S. sclerotiorum white-mold disease were investigated. Two different tomato varieties (142 235 F1, Alsancak RN F1) were used in the experiments. As a result of the study, it was found that there were statistically significant differences between the treatment groups in terms of seedling growth parameters of both tomato varieties and also in general vermicompost did not have a positive effect on seedling development. It has been determined that vermicompost has no inhibitory effect on the severity of disease in tomato seedlings and It was determined to cause higher disease severity compared to control application.
Kaynakça
Agrios, G. N. (1997). Control of plant diseases. Plant pathology, 5, 295-357.
Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Lee, S., & Byrne, R. (2006). Effects of humic acids from vermicomposts on plant growth. European journal of soil biology, 42, 65-69.
Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Bierman, P., Welch, C., & Metzger, J. D. (2004). Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource technology, 93(2), 145-153.
Atiyeh, R. M., Domínguez, J., Subler, S., & Edwards, C. A. (2000). Changes in biochemical properties of cow manure during processing by earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Bouché) and the effects on seedling growth. Pedobiologia, 44(6), 709-724.
Bellitürk, K., Aslan, S., & Eker, M. (2013). Ekosistem mühendisleri diye adlandırılan toprak solucanlarından elde edilen vermikompostun bitkisel üretim açısından önemi. Hasad Aylık Tarım Dergisi, 29(340), 84-87.
Bolton, M. D., Thomma, B. P., & Nelson, B. D. (2006). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Molecular plant pathology, 7(1), 1-16.
Boyno, G., Demirer Durak, E., & Demir, S. (2018, May). Effect of Different Doses of Vermicompost Application to Some Fungi in Vitro Conditions. International Agricultural Science Congress, Van. 548.
Chandler, J. M., & Santelmann, P. W. (1968). Interactions of four herbicides with Rhizoctonia solani on seedling cotton. Weed Science, 16(4), 453-456.
Chaoui, H., Edwards, C. A., Brickner, A., Lee, S. S., & Arancon, N. Q. (2002, November). Suppression of the plant diseases, Pythium (damping-off), Rhizoctonia (root rot) and Verticillium (wilt) by vermicomposts. In Brighton crop protection conference pests and diseases 2,711-716.
Edwards, C. A., & Arancon, N. Q. (2004). Interactions among organic matter, earthworms, and microorganisms in promoting plant growth. Soil organic matter in sustainable agricultural, 1(7), 329-376.
Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q., Vasko-Bennett, M., Askar, A., Keeney, G., & Little, B. (2009). Suppression of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (Sulz.), citrus mealy bug (Planococcus citri) (Risso), and two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Koch) attacks on tomatoes and cucumbers by aqueous extracts from vermicomposts. Crop Protection, 29, 80-93.
Fritz, J. I., Franke-Whittle, I. H., Haindl, S., Insam, H., & Braun, R. (2012). Microbiological community analysis of vermicompost tea and its influence on the growth of vegetables and cereals. Canadian journal of microbiology, 58(7), 836-847.
Garg, V. K., Suthar, S., & Yadav, A. (2012). Management of food industry waste employing vermicomposting technology. Bioresource technology, 126, 437-443.
Hoitink, H. A. J., Stone, A. G., & Han, D. Y. (1997). Suppression of plant diseases by composts. HortScience, 32(2), 184-187.
Ingham, E. (2005). The Compost Tea Brewing Manual. 5th Ed. Ed. Corvallis, OR, Soil Foodweb Incorporated. 91.
Jones, J.B., Stall, R.E., & Zitter T.A. (1993). List of plant diseases in american samoaf redbrooks, Plant Pathologist Technical Report.32.
Manivannan, S., Balamurugan, M., Parthasarathi, K., Gunasekaran, G., & Ranganathan, L. S. (2009). Effect of vermicompost on soil fertility and crop productivity-beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of environmental biology, 30(2), 275-281.
Nagavallemma, K. P., Wani, S. P., Lacroix, S., Padmaja, V. V., Vineela, C., Rao, M. B., & Sahrawat, K. L. (2004). Vermicomposting: Recycling wastes into valuable organic fertilizer. Global Theme on Agroecosystems Report no. 8.
Pant, A. P., Radovich, T. J., Hue, N. V., Talcott, S. T., & Krenek, K. A. (2009). Vermicompost extracts influence growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity in pak choi (Brassica rapa cv. Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown under vermicompost and chemical fertiliser. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(14), 2383-2392.
Rodriguez-Navarro, D. N., Buendia, A. M., Camacho, M., Lucas, M. M., & Santamaria, C. (2000). Characterization of Rhizobium spp. bean isolates from South-West Spain. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32(11-12), 1601-1613.
SAS, 1998. SAS/STAT Software: hangen and Enhanced. Sas, Ins. Inc. Cri. NCI.
Scheuerell, S., & Mahaffee, W. (2002). Compost tea: principles and prospects for plant disease control. Compost Science & Utilization, 10(4), 313-338.
Szczech, M. M. (1999). Suppressiveness of vermicompost against Fusarium wilt of tomato. Journal of Phytopathology, 147(3), 155-161.
Şimsek-Erşahin, Y., Haktanir, K., & Yanar, Y. (2008). Benefits of vermiculture in waste management and agriculture. Blacksea International Environmental Symposıum (BIES’08), 2, 489–510.
Tu, J. C. (1989). Management of white mold of white beans in Ontario. Plant Dis, 73(4), 281-285.
Tutar, U. (2013). Toprak Solucanlarından Elde Edilen Vermikompostun Bazı Bitki Patojenleri Üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(2), 1-12.
Weltzien, H.C., 1991. Biocontrol of foliar fungal disease with compost extracts. In: Microbial Ecology of Leaves (J.H. Andrews, S.S. Hirano, ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, USA. 430-450.
Willetts, H. J., & Wong, J. A. L. (1980). The biology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, and S. minor with emphasis on specific nomenclature. The Botanical Review, 46(2), 101-165.
Yaviç, Ş., Demir, S., & Boyno, G. (2020). Solucan Gübresi (Vermikompost)’nin Domates (Solanum lycopersicum)’te Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary’un Neden Olduğu Kök Çürüklüğü Hastalığına Etkileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 13-20.