Farklı Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Çeşitlerinin Laboratuvar Koşullarında Bazı Fizyolojik Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 674 - 682, 25.12.2022

Esra Kına , Mehmet Salih Özgökçe , Aynur Sadak , Selma Kıpçak

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1094383

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de son yıllarda yaygın olarak yetiştirilen farklı aspir çeşitlerinin laboratuvar koşullarında bazı fizyolojik parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel olarak Asol çeşidinde toplam fenol miktarının diğer çeşitlere göre daha düşük olduğu (81.33 mg/100g) bulunmuş, diğer çeşitlerde ise 273.00-392.44 mg arasında tespit edilmiştir. Şeker çeşitleri içinde Sakkaroz oranının Balcı çeşidinde 1.87 g ile en yüksek, Ayaz çeşidinde ise 0.82 g ile en düşük değerde saptanmıştır. Mineral maddeler içinden ise Fe miktarının 946.71 mg/kg ile en yüksek Ayaz çeşidinde bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçülen diğer fizyolojik parametrelerin ise çeşitler arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı olmadığı, ancak değerlerin antioksidan miktarlarının 16.58-24.97 µmol, Fruktoz miktarlarının 0.16-0.41 g/100 g, gluktoz miktarlarının 0.43-0.63 g/100 g, Ca içeriğinin %1.76-3.00, Cu miktarının 10.07-13.54 mg/kg, K, Mn ve Mg içeriklerinin sırasıyla %1.79-3.60, %96.37-105.33 ve %0.41-0.97 arasında değiştiği kaydedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioksidan, Aspir çeşitleri, Carthamus tinctorius, Fizyolojik parametreler, Toplam fenol

Destekleyen Kurum

Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi BAP koordinasyon birimi

Proje Numarası

FDK-2019-8280

Teşekkür

Bu projeye maddi destek sağlayan Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi BAP koordinasyon birimine teşekkür ederiz.

Determination of Some Physiological Parameters of Different Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars in Laboratory Conditions

Öz

In this study, some physiological parameters of different safflower varieties grown widely in Turkey in recent years were determined in laboratory conditions. When the data obtained were evaluated, it was found that the total amount of phenols in Asol cultivar was statistically lower (81.33 mg/100g) compared to other cultivars, and it was found to vary between 273.00-392.44 mg in other cultivars. Among the sugar varieties, the Sucrose ratio was different between the varieties, and accordingly, the highest Sucrose value was determined with 1.87 g in Balcı variety and the lowest Sucrose value with 0.82 g in Ayaz variety. Among the mineral substances, it was determined that the amount of Fe was statistically different between the cultivars, and accordingly, the highest amount of Fe was found in Ayaz cultivar (946.71 mg/kg), the lowest in Balcı (422.83 mg/kg) and Göktürk (444.75 mg/kg) cultivars. The other physiological parameters measured were not statistically different between the cultivars, but the values were found to be 16.58-24.97 µmol for antioxidants, 0.16-0.41 g/100 g for fructose, 0.43-0.63 g/100 g for glucose, 1.76-3.00% for Ca, and 10.07-13.54 mg/kg for Cu. It was noted that the contents of, K, Mn and Mg varied between 1.79-3.60%, 96.37-105.33% and 0.41-0.97%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant, Carthamus tinctorius, Physiological parameters, Safflower cultivars, Total phenol

Proje Numarası

FDK-2019-8280

Kaynakça

• Abdallah, S. B., Rabhi, M., Harbaoui, F., Zar-kalai, F., Lachâal, M., & Karray-Bouraoui, N. (2013). Distribution of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity between young and old leaves of Carthamus tinctorius L. and their induction by salt stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35(4), 1161-1169. doi: 10.1007/s11738-012-1155-z
• Anonim. (2021). Yeni kışlık aspir çeşidimiz AYAZ üretim izni almıştır. (Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Konya.) https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/bahridagdas/Duyuru/8/Yeni-Kislik-Aspir-Cesidimiz-Ayaz-Uretim-Izni-Almistir Erişim tarihi: 08.03.2022.
• Arslan, B., Çakır, H., & Culpan, E. (2019, Aralık). Yeni geliştirilen aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinin bazı özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması. 2. Uluslararası 19 Mayıs Yenilikçi Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar Kongresi, Samsun.
• Asp, M. L., Collene, A. L., Norris, L. E., Cole, R. M., Stout, M. B., Tang, S. Y., & Belury, M. A. (2011). Time-dependent effects of safflower oil to improve glycemia, inflammation and blood lipids in obese, post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-masked, crossover study. Clinical Nutrition, 30(4), 443-449. doi: 10.1016 /j.clnu.2011.01.001
• Benzie, I. E. F., & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ‘‘antioxidant power’’: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76. doi: 10.1006/abio.1996.0292
• Bocheva, A., Mikhova, B., Taskova, R., Mitova, M., & Duddeck, H. (2003). Antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of Carthamus lanatus aerial parts. Fitoterapia, 74(6), 559-563. doi: 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00150-3
• Delshad, E., Yousefi, M., Sasannezhad, P., Rakhshandeh, H., & Ayati, Z. (2018). Medical uses of Carthamus tinctorius L.(Safflower): A comprehensive review from traditional medicine to modern medicine. Electronic Physician, 10(4), 6672. doi: 10.19082/6672
• Del‐Toro‐Sánchez, C. L., Rodríguez‐Félix, F., Cinco‐Moroyoqui, F. J., Juárez, J., Ruiz‐Cruz, S., Wong‐Corral, F. J., & Tapia‐Hernández, J. A. (2021). Recovery of phytochemical from three safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by‐products: Antioxidant properties, protective effect of human erythrocytes and profile by UPLC‐DAD‐MS. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45(9), e15765. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.15765
• Erdal, Ş. C., & Cakirlar, H. (2014). Impact of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38(4), 549-560. doi: 0.3906/biy-1401-33
• Gadallah, M. A. A. (2000). Effects of acid mist and ascorbic acid treatment on the growth, stability of leaf membranes, chlorophyll content and some mineral elements of Carthamus tinctorius, the safflower. Water, Air, and Soil pollution, 118(3), 311-327. doi: 10.1023/A:1005191220530
• Gengmao, Z., Yu, H., Xing, S., Shihui, L., Quanmei, S., & Changhai, W. (2015). Salinity stress increases secondary metabolites and enzyme activity in safflower. Industrial Crops And Products, 64, 175-181. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.058
• Golkar, P., Taghizadeh, M., & Yousefian, Z. (2019). The effects of chitosan and salicylic acid on elicitation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of safflower under in vitro salinity stress. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 137(3), 575-585. doi: 10.1007/s11240-018-1427-4
• Hojati, M., Modarres-Sanavy, S. A. M., Karimi, M., & Ghanati, F. (2011). Responses of growth and antioxidant systems in Carthamus tinctorius L. under water deficit stress. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 33(1), 105-112. doi: 10.1007/s11738-010-0521-y
• Hudz, N., Ivanova, R., Brindza, J., Grygorieva, O., Schubertová, Z., & Ivanišová, E. (2017). Approaches to the determination of antioxidant activity of extracts from bee bread and safflower leaves and flowers. Potravinárstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 11(1), 480-488. doi: 10.5219/786
• Iwamoto, M., Kono, M., Kawamoto, D., Tomoyori, H., Sato, M., & Imaizumi, K. (2002). Differential effect of walnut oil and safflower oil on the serum cholesterol level and lesion area in the aortic root of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 66(1), 141-146. doi: 10.1271/bbb.66.141
• Javed, S., Bukhari, S. A., Ashraf, M. Y., Mahmood, S., & Iftikhar, T. (2014). Effect of salinity on growth, biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(4), 1153-158. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.085
• Kacar, B. (1984). Bitki Besleme Uygulama Kılavuzu. Ankara, Türkiye: Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 900. Uygulama Kılavuzu, 214.
• Khalili, M., Pour-Aboughadareh, A., Naghavi, M. R., & Mohammad-Admini, E. (2014). Evaluation of drought tolerance in safflower genotypes based on drought tolerance indices. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 42(1), 214-218. doi: 10.15835/nbha4219331
• Knowles, P. F. (1989). Safflower. In G. Robbelen, R. K. Downey, A. Ashri (Eds.), Oil Crops of the World, their Breeding and Utilization (pp. 363-374). New York, USA: McGraw Hill.
• Kumar, E. S., Kuna, A., Padmavathi, P., Rani, C. V. D., Sarkar, S., & Sowmya, M. (2016). Changes in antioxidant content in selected cultivars of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) leaves during different stages of maturity. The Indian Society Of Oilseeds Research, 33(1), 51-55.
• Dajue, L & Mündel, H. H. (1996). Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. Rome, Italy: Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic.
• McPherson, M. A., Good, A. G., Topinka, L. & Hall, L. M. (2004). Theoretical hybridization potential of transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with weedy relatives in the New World. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84(3), 923-934. doi: 10.4141/P03-150
• Moatshe, O. G., Emongor, V. E., & Mashiqa, P. K. (2020). Genotype effect on proximate and mineral analysis of safflower as a green leafy vegetable. Journal of Agricultural Science, 12(11), 260-267. doi: 10.5539/jas.v12n11p260
• Moumen, B. A., Mansouri, F., Richard, G., Abid, M., Fauconnier, M. L., Sindic, M., & Serghini Caid, H. (2015). Biochemical characterisation of the seed oils of four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) varieties grown in north‐eastern of Morocco. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 50(3), 804-810. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.12714
• Munson, R. D. (1997). Principles of plant analysis. In Y. P. Kalra (Ed.), Handbook of Reference Methods For Plant Analysis (pp. 1-25). Washington, USA: CRC press.
• Norris, L. E., Collene, A. L., Asp, M. L., Hsu, J. C., Liu, L. F., Richardson, J. R., & Belury, M. A. (2009). Comparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90(3), 468-476. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27371
• Oliveira-de-Lira, L., Santos, E. M. C., De Souza, R. F., Matos, R. J. B., Silva, M. C. D., Oliveira, L. D. S., & Souza, S. L. D. (2018). Supplementation-dependent effects of vegetable oils with varying fatty acid compositions on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese women. Nutrients, 10(7), 932. doi: 10.3390/nu10070932
• Özkan, A. (2019). Changes in growth parameters, oil yield, fatty acid composition and mineral content of two safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes in response to water stress. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(1), 499-51. doi: 10.15666/aeer/1801_499514
• Peiretti, P. G. (2017). Nutritional Aspects and Potential Uses of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) in Livestock. In P. Gorawala, S. Mandhatri (Eds.), Agricultural Research Updates (pp. 3-22). New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers.
• Pongracz, G., Weiser, H., Matzinger, D. (1995). Tocopherole, antioxidation der natur. Lipid Science and Technology, 97(3), 90-104.
• Qiong, Z., Jian-hua, P., & Xiang-nong, Z. (2005). A clinical study of Safflower Yellow injection in treating coronary heart disease angina pectoris with Xin-blood stagnation syndrome. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 11(3), 222-225. doi: 10.1007/BF02836509
• Saeidi, H. (2013). Population dynamic of the safflower fly, Acanthiophilus Helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Gachsaran Region, Iran. Entomology, Ornitology and Herpetology, 2(103), 1-4. doi: 10.4172/2161-0983.1000103
• Saeidi, K., Mirfakhraei, S., & Mehrkhou, F. (2015). Growth and development of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) feeding on safflower, Carthamus tinctorius. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 7(2), 244-249. doi: 10.15835/nsb.7.2.9521
• SPSS, (2019). IBM Corp. Released. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
• Swain, T., Hillis, W. E. (1959). The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. I.-The quantita quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 10(1): 63-68. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740100110
• Tontisirin, K., Nantel, G., & Bhattacharjee, L. (2002). Food-based strategies to meet the challenges of micronutrient malnutrition in the developing world. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 61(2), 243-250. doi: 10.1079/PNS2002155
• Yeloojeh, K. A., Saeidi, G., & Sabzalian, M. R. (2020). Drought stress improves the composition of secondary metabolites in safflower flower at the expense of reduction in seed yield and oil content. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112496. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112496
• Zareie, S., Golkar, P., Mohammadi-Nejad, G. (2011). Effect of nitrogen and iron fertilizer on seed yield and yield components of safflower genotypes. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(16), 3924-3929. doi: 10.5897/AJAR11.683
• Zhou, F. R., Zhao, M. B., & Tu, P. F. (2009). Simultaneous determination of four nucleosides in Carthamus tinctorius L. and Safflower injection using high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18(4), 326. doi: 1003–1057(2009)4–326–05