Kendini Açıklamak: Göbekli Tepe Kültürü’nde Bir Köken Miti Yorumu (Antropomorfik Temalara Alternatif Bir Bakış)

Öz

Yukarı Fırat Havzası’nda Göbekli Tepe Neolitik kültür bölgesinde insanlar, arkalarında şaşırtıcı anıtsal yapıların ve zengin bir sembolizmin olduğu uzun süreli yerleşim alanları bırakmışlardır. Bu çalışma bu kültürdeki farklı sembolik temaları merkeze koyarak bu dönem insanların kendileri hakkında nasıl bir “gerçeklik” inşa ettiklerinin makul bir yorumunu yapmaya çalışacaktır. Bu dönem sembolizminin merkezine insan kafası ve fallus teması yerleştirildiğinde neolitik insanların kendilerini bir mitolojik anlatıyla kavradıklarını/açıkladıklarını söylemek mümkündür. Makale, Göbekli Tepe kültüründeki T-biçimli dikili taşların mitolojik atalar, doğaüstü varlıklar veya tanrılardan ziyade “şimdinin” ve “bu dünyanın” nesnel bir temsili olarak atanın “dünyada” kalan parçasını/tarafını temsilen (onun) fallusu olduğunu ileri sürerek arkeoloji, antropoloji, sosyoloji ve dinler tarihi disiplinlerine de katkı sağlamayı ummaktadır. Bu bağlamda T-biçimli dikili taşları atalar kültüyle, antropomorfik heykel ve kabartmaların önemli bir kısmını da kişinin statü kazandığı erginleme ritüelleriyle ilişkilendirmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın en önemli amaçlarından biri de bu kültürdeki temel mitolojik anlatının ne olabileceğine ilişkin bir tartışma başlatmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göbekli Tepe kültürü
• antropomorfik imgeler
• fallus
• köken miti
• Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik
• Karahan Tepe
• Sayburç

Self-Revelation: An Origin Myth Interpretation of the Göbekli Tepe Culture (An Alternative Perspective on Anthropomorphic Themes)

Öz

The humans of the Göbekli Tepe Neolithic culture of the Upper Euphrates Basin left behind long-term settlements with surprising monumental structures and a rich set of symbolism. This study puts the various symbolic themes of this culture to its center, and attempts to offer a reasonable interpretation of how the people of this culture and period constructed a “reality” about themselves. When the themes of human head and phallus are positioned at the center of the interpretations of this period’s symbolism, it is possible to claim that the Neolithic people conceptualized/explained themselves through an complex mythological narrative. This paper also hopes to contribute to the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, sociology and history of religions by asserting that the T-shaped pillars of the Göbekli Tepe Culture are the phalli of the ancestors representing these ancestors’ remaining fragment/aspect on “the world,” and thus, are the material representations of the “now” and “this world,” rather than mythological ancestors, supernatural beings or gods. In this context, it is possible to relate the T-shaped pillars with ancestor cult, and also an important part of the anthropomorphic statues and reliefs with the initiation rites in which a person gains status in society. One of the biggest goals of this study is to begin a discussion about what can be the main mythological narrative of this culture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göbekli Tepe culture
• anthropomorphic images
• phallus
• origin myth
• Pre-Pottery Neolithic

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