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Jean Rhys’in Wide Sargasso Sea Adlı Çalışmasının Kültürel Materyalizm Açısından İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, , 88 - 101, 01.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1321437

Öz

Jean Rhys'in 1966'da yayınlanan Wide Sargasso Sea adlı romanı hem ataerkil hem de sömürge toplumunun kurbanı olan susturulmuş kadın Antoinette’in sesi olmaktadır. Böylece Bertha Mason olarak bilinen Antoinette’i sadece deli bir kadın olarak tasvir ederek ona çok az yer veren Jane Eyre adlı romanın öncesini anlatması amacıyla yazılan bu roman, İngiliz yazar Charlotte Brontë 'nin yüzyıldan fazla bir zaman önce yazmış olduğu Jane Eyre adlı romanındaki Avrupa merkezli algıları yerle bir eder. Kadın kimliği arayışındaki Antoinette, Jamaika'nın kurtuluşundan sonra kimliğini bulmak için mücadele eder. İki etnik köken ve kültür arasında sıkışıp kalmış melez bir kadını özgürlüğüne kavuşturmayı amaçlayan Rhys, İngiltere'de İngiliz kocası Bay Rochester tarafından tavan arasına kapatılan deli kadının sesinin duyulmasına böylece aracı olur. Antoinette, iki kültürün ortaya çıkardığı baskılardan kurtulmak ve arzuladığı özgürlüğe ulaşmak için atlayarak intihar eder. Bu çalışmada dönemin sosyal, ekonomik ve politik koşulları ile güç ilişkilerini yansıtmak amacıyla teori olarak kültürel materyalizm kullanılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1984). Essays on ideology. London: Verso.
  • Brannigan, J. (1998). New historicism and cultural materialism (Transitions). Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Dollimore, J., & Sinfield, A. (1994). Political Shakespeare: Essays in cultural materialism (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press.
  • Dollimore, J. (2004). Radical drama: its contexts and emergence: Radical tragedy religion, ideology and power in the drama of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dollimore, J., & Sinfield, A. (2005). History and ideology: the instance of Henry V. J. Drakakis (Ed.), Alternative Shakespeares (pp. 209-230). Routledge, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
  • Foucault, M. (1973). Madness and civilization (Translated from the French by Richard Howard). Vintage Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The History of sexuality. Vol. I. (Translated from the French by Robert Hurley. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/ knowledge: Selected interviews & other writings 1972-1977 (Edited by Colin Gordon, Translated by Colin Gordon et al.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical inquiry, 8(4), 777-795.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline & punish: the birth of the prison (Translated from the French by Alan Sheridan). Vintage Books.
  • Harrison, N. (1988). Jean Rhys and the novel as women’s text. The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Hogan, A., & Bradstock, A. (1998). Women of faith in Victorian culture: Reassessing the angel in the house. Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • King, J. (2005). The Victorian woman question in contemporary feminist fiction. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mair, L. M. (2006). Historical study of women in Jamaica, 1655-1844. University of the West Indies Press.
  • Marlow, C. (2017). Shakespeare and cultural materialist theory. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Maurel, S. (1998). Women writers Jean Rhys. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1988). The economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844 and the communist manifesto (great books in philosophy). Prometheus Books.
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1998). The German ideology: Including theses on Feuerbach and introduction to the critique of political economy. Prometheus Books.
  • Michie, E. B. (1993). Outside the Pale: Cultural exclusion, gender difference, and the Victorian woman writer. Cornell University Press.
  • Mill, J. S. (1984). Collected works of John Stuart Mill: Essays on law, equality and education V.XXI. University of Toronto Press.
  • Payne, M., & Barbera, J. R. (Eds.). (2010). A dictionary of cultural and critical theory (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Rhys, J. (2000). Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin Group.
  • Savory, E. (2009). The Cambridge introduction to Jean Rhys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Simpson, A. B. (2005). Territories of the psyche: The fiction of Jean Rhys. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sinfield, A. (1992). Faultlines: Cultural materialism and the politics of dissident reading. Clarendon Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1985). Three women's texts and a critique of imperialism. Critical Inquiry, 12(1), 243-261.
  • Tyson, L. (2006). Critical theory today. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Williams, R. H. (1977). Marxism and literature. Oxford University Press.

A Cultural Materialist Reading of Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys

Yıl 2023, , 88 - 101, 01.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1321437

Öz

Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys, published in 1966, gives a voice to the silenced woman Antoinette, who was a victim of both patriarchal and colonial society. The novel, written to serve as a prequel to Jane Eyre, aims to destroy the Eurocentric perceptions constructed by the British writer Charlotte Brontë in her novel titled Jane Eyre against Antoinette, known as Bertha Mason. Brontë, in her novel written more than a century earlier, had given little place to Antoinette and depicted her only as a mad woman. Antoinette, in search of a female identity, struggles to find her identity after the emancipation of Jamaica. Aiming at freeing a woman of mixed race, who is stuck within two ethnicities and cultures, Rhys becomes an intermediary in giving a voice to the madwoman who was imprisoned in the attic by her British husband Mr Rochester in England. In her attempt to get rid of the oppressions she has experienced by the two cultures and to reach the freedom she desires, Antoinette finally commits suicide by jumping off. In this study, cultural materialism has been used in order to reflect the social, economic, and political conditions along the power relations of the period.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1984). Essays on ideology. London: Verso.
  • Brannigan, J. (1998). New historicism and cultural materialism (Transitions). Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Dollimore, J., & Sinfield, A. (1994). Political Shakespeare: Essays in cultural materialism (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press.
  • Dollimore, J. (2004). Radical drama: its contexts and emergence: Radical tragedy religion, ideology and power in the drama of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dollimore, J., & Sinfield, A. (2005). History and ideology: the instance of Henry V. J. Drakakis (Ed.), Alternative Shakespeares (pp. 209-230). Routledge, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
  • Foucault, M. (1973). Madness and civilization (Translated from the French by Richard Howard). Vintage Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The History of sexuality. Vol. I. (Translated from the French by Robert Hurley. Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/ knowledge: Selected interviews & other writings 1972-1977 (Edited by Colin Gordon, Translated by Colin Gordon et al.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical inquiry, 8(4), 777-795.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline & punish: the birth of the prison (Translated from the French by Alan Sheridan). Vintage Books.
  • Harrison, N. (1988). Jean Rhys and the novel as women’s text. The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Hogan, A., & Bradstock, A. (1998). Women of faith in Victorian culture: Reassessing the angel in the house. Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • King, J. (2005). The Victorian woman question in contemporary feminist fiction. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mair, L. M. (2006). Historical study of women in Jamaica, 1655-1844. University of the West Indies Press.
  • Marlow, C. (2017). Shakespeare and cultural materialist theory. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Maurel, S. (1998). Women writers Jean Rhys. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1988). The economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844 and the communist manifesto (great books in philosophy). Prometheus Books.
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1998). The German ideology: Including theses on Feuerbach and introduction to the critique of political economy. Prometheus Books.
  • Michie, E. B. (1993). Outside the Pale: Cultural exclusion, gender difference, and the Victorian woman writer. Cornell University Press.
  • Mill, J. S. (1984). Collected works of John Stuart Mill: Essays on law, equality and education V.XXI. University of Toronto Press.
  • Payne, M., & Barbera, J. R. (Eds.). (2010). A dictionary of cultural and critical theory (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Rhys, J. (2000). Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin Group.
  • Savory, E. (2009). The Cambridge introduction to Jean Rhys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Simpson, A. B. (2005). Territories of the psyche: The fiction of Jean Rhys. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sinfield, A. (1992). Faultlines: Cultural materialism and the politics of dissident reading. Clarendon Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1985). Three women's texts and a critique of imperialism. Critical Inquiry, 12(1), 243-261.
  • Tyson, L. (2006). Critical theory today. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Williams, R. H. (1977). Marxism and literature. Oxford University Press.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Edebiyat Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Tam Sayı
Yazarlar

Ecevit Bekler 0000-0002-7080-6267

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Bekler, E. (2023). A Cultural Materialist Reading of Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(61), 88-101. https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1321437

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.