Bireyin hayatına dair hissettiği pozitif duygular mutluluk olarak tanımlanır. Ayrıca mutluluk bireyin içinde bulunduğu psikolojik, sosyolojik, ekonomik ve siyasal durumlardan etkilenir. Hükümetlerin ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün (WHO) bile hazırlıksız olarak yakalandığı COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde yaşanan belirsizlik ve endişeler insanların güvenini sarsmıştır. Süreç boyunca yaşanan sosyal etkileşimlere getirilen kısıtlamalar, yalnızlık ve izolasyon duygularının yanı sıra insanlar işlerini ve geçim kaynaklarını kaybetmişlerdir. Küresel düzeyde yaşanan bu olumsuz sürece Türkiye`de maruz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) yaşam memnuniyeti anket verilerinden yola çıkarak, Covid-19 öncesinde ve sonrasında bireylerin mutluluk algısı üzerindeki değişimi etkileyen değişkenleri ve değişimleri incelemektir. Büyük veri setlerinde gereksiz verilerin analizlerden çıkarılması için özellik seçim algoritmaları kullanılır. Bu işlemler hem modellerin performanslarını artırır hem de analiz sürecinin hızlanmasını sağlar. Bu çalışmada makine öğrenimi özellik seçimi algoritmalarından olan Boruta ve Korelasyon tabanlı özellik seçim algoritmaları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda mutluluğu etkileyen belli değişkenlerin yine mutluluk kavramı için önemli oldukları görülürken, Covid 19 sonrasında mutluluk kavramında özellikle işinden memnuniyet, işsiz olmak ve ucuz ürün tüketimi değişkenlerinin ön plana çıktığı tespit edilmiştir.
Adams-Prassl, A., Boneva, T., Golin, M., & Rauh, C. (2020). Inequality in the impact of the coronavirus shock: Evidence from real time surveys. Journal of Public Economics, 189, 104245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104245
Adıgüzel Özbek, D., & Melikoğlu Eke, A. S. (2022). Pandemi ile Evde Yaşam: Covid-19 Süreci ve Sonrası için Konut Tasarım Stratejileri. Megaron / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 17(2), 371–388. https://doi.org/10.14744/megaron.2022.78642
Ahmed, A. A. M., Deo, R. C., Ghahramani, A., Raj, N., Feng, Q., Yin, Z., & Yang, L. (2021). LSTM integrated with Boruta-random forest optimiser for soil moisture estimation under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 global warming scenarios. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 35(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-021-01969-3
Albattah, W., Khan, R. U., Alsharekh, M. F., & Khasawneh, S. F. (2022). Feature Selection Techniques for Big Data Analytics. Electronics, 11(19), 3177. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193177
Alkan, O., & Kavalci, K. (2023). Gender differences in happiness during COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Türkiye. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 153. https://doi.org/10.5455/PBS.20230512053548
Aluş, Y., & Selçukkaya, S. (2015). Türk Ailesinde Mutluluk Algısı ve Değerleri. Sosyal ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(2), 151–175. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/197557
Asif, R., Merceron, A., Ali, S. A., & Haider, N. G. (2017). Analyzing undergraduate students’ performance using educational data mining. Computers & Education, 113, 117–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.007
Bakkeli, N. Z. (2021). Health, work, and contributing factors on life satisfaction: A study in Norway before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM - Population Health, 14, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100804
Delhey, J., Hess, S., Boehnke, K., Deutsch, F., Eichhorn, J., Kühnen, U., & Welzel, C. (2023). Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Human, Economic, Social, and Psychological Capital. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(7), 2201–2222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00676-w
Diener, E. (2007). Guidelines for National Indicators of Subjective Well-Being and Ill-Being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1(2), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-006-9007-x
Easterlin, R. A., & O’Connor, K. J. (2023). Three years of COVID-19 and life satisfaction in Europe: A macro view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(19). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300717120
Ferreira, F. H. G. (2021). Inequality in The Time Of Covid-19. IMF. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/06/inequality-and-covid-19-ferreira.htm
Folk, D., Okabe-Miyamoto, K., Dunn, E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2020). Did Social Connection Decline During the First Wave of COVID-19?: The Role of Extraversion. Collabra: Psychology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.365
Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2020). COVID-19 - Virtual press conference. WHO. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0
Godman, H. (2023). Can varied social interactions boost well-being? Harvard Health Letter. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/can-varied-social-interactions-boost-well-being
Hamermesh, D. S. (2020). Life satisfaction, loneliness and togetherness, with an application to Covid-19 lock-downs. Review of Economics of the Household, 18(4), 983–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-020-09495-x
Han, H., Jahed Armaghani, D., Tarinejad, R., Zhou, J., & Tahir, M. M. (2020). Random Forest and Bayesian Network Techniques for Probabilistic Prediction of Flyrock Induced by Blasting in Quarry Sites. Natural Resources Research, 29(2), 655–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09611-4
Helliwell, J. F., Huang, H., Wang, S., & Norton, M. (2021). Happiness, trust, and deaths under COVID-19. Içinde World Happiness Report 2021 (ss. 13–56). World Happiness Report. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2021/happiness-trust-and-deaths-under-covid-19/
Kamilçelebi, H. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Happiness and Socioeconomic Conditions: Differences Across Countries and Individuals’ Personality Traits. Journal of Economic Policy Researches / İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 353–372. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR1063845
Karataş, Z., Uzun, K., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). Relationships Between the Life Satisfaction, Meaning in Life, Hope and COVID-19 Fear for Turkish Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633384
Kursa, M. B. (2020). Package ‘Boruta’. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Boruta/Boruta.pdf
Kursa, M. B., & Rudnicki, W. R. (2010). Feature Selection with the Boruta Package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(11). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i11
Kuzudisli, C., Bakir-Gungor, B., Bulut, N., Qaqish, B., & Yousef, M. (2023). Review of feature selection approaches based on grouping of features. PeerJ, 11, e15666. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15666
Lahouar, A., & Slama, J. B. H. (2015). Random forests model for one day ahead load forecasting. IREC2015 The Sixth International Renewable Energy Congress, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IREC.2015.7110975
Lee, S. S., Shim, Y., Choi, J., & Choi, I. (2023). Paradoxical Impacts of Social Relationship on Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(2), 745–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00614-2
Mahajan, G., & Saini, B. (2020). Educational Data Mining: A state-of-the-art survey on tools and techniques used in EDM. International Journal of Computer Applications & Information Technology, 12(1), 310–316. https://ijcait.com/IJCAIT/121/IJCAIT1215GINIKA.pdf
Michalak, K., & Kwasnicka, H. (2010). Correlation based feature selection method. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, 2(5), 319. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIC.2010.036158
Neugebauer, M., Patzina, A., Dietrich, H., & Sandner, M. (2023). Two pandemic years greatly reduced young people’s life satisfaction: evidence from a comparison with pre-COVID-19 panel data. European Sociological Review, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad077
Nguyen, H., Franke, K., & Petrovic, S. (2010). Improving Effectiveness of Intrusion Detection by Correlation Feature Selection. 2010 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/ARES.2010.70
Okabe-Miyamoto, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2021). Social Connection and Well-Being during COVID-19. Içinde World Happiness Report 2021 (ss. 133–154). World Happiness Report. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2021/social-connection-and-well-being-during-covid-19/
Pan, W., Zhou, W., Wu, J., Huang, Z., Ding, L., Guo, L., Hang, B., & Li, X. (2023). The effect of exposure to COVID-19 on life satisfaction: The mediating role of hyperarousal and moderating/mediating role of affective forecasting. Journal of Affective Disorders, 337, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.062
Petersen, J., Hettich, N., Baumkötter, R., Wild, P. S., Pfeiffer, N., Münzel, T., König, J., Lackner, K. J., & Beutel, M. E. (2022). The burdens of poverty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Sociology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.995318
Petrovič, F., Murgaš, F., & Králik, R. (2021). Happiness in Czechia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(19), 10826. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910826
Rossouw, S., Greyling, T., & Adhikari, T. (2021). The evolution of happiness pre and peri-COVID-19: A Markov Switching Dynamic Regression Model. PLOS ONE, 16(12), e0259579. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259579
Sarker, P. C., Sugawara, D., & Nishad, M. F. R. (2022). The mediating role of hope in relation with fear of COVID‐19 and mental health: A study on tertiary level students of Rajshahi District. Health Science Reports, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.836
Satici, S. A., Kayis, A. R., Satici, B., Griffiths, M. D., & Can, G. (2023). Resilience, Hope, and Subjective Happiness Among the Turkish Population: Fear of COVID-19 as a Mediator. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(2), 803–818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00443-5
Sehribanoglu, S. (2024). Determination of Variables Affecting Reading Skills Using the Boruta Algorithm in a Turkish Sample from the PISA 2018. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1254457
Senger, A. R. (2023). Hope’s relationship with resilience and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Opinion in Psychology, 50, 101559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101559
Son, Y., Hyunjeong, P., & Park, M. (2020). Random Forest Analysis of Factors Influencing the Students’ Reading Literacy Levels: Using PISA 2018 Korea Data. Asian Journal of Education, 21(1–4), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2020.03.21.1.191
Tauraitė, V., & Aleksandravičienė, A. (2023). The Relationship Between Time Allocation for Work and Personal Life and Happiness. Social Welfare: Interdisciplinary Approach, 13, 22–41. https://doi.org/10.15388/SW.2023.13.12
TDK. (2024). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
TUIK. (2023). Yaşam Memnuniyeti Araştırması 2022. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/announcements/yasam_memnuniyeti_arastirmasi.pdf
Unpingco, J. (2019). Machine Learning. Içinde Python for Probability, Statistics, and Machine Learning (2. baskı, s. 384). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18545-9
Veenhoven, R. (2008). Healthy happiness: effects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive health care. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(3), 449–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9042-1
WBG. (2022). Household Monitoring Systems to Track the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/high-frequency-monitoring-surveys
WHO. (2022). Covid-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
Yonzan, N., Cojocaru, A., Lakner, C., Mahler, D. G., & Narayan, A. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on poverty and inequality: Evidence from phone surveys. World Bank Group. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/impact-covid-19-poverty-and-inequality-evidence-phone-surveys
Yüceol, N., Urfa, A. M., Sarp, P., & Binici, C. M. (2021). The impact of work-life balance on mental well-being of remote working generation y academicians due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 43(2), 266–284. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.14780/muiibd.1052073
Happiness in Individuals Before and After COVID 19
The positive affect experienced by an individual in regard to their life is defined as happiness. Furthermore, an individual's happiness is influenced by a multitude of factors, including their psychological, sociological, economic, and political circumstances. The uncertainty and concerns experienced during the global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, which even governments and the World Health Organization were unprepared for, have eroded people's trust in the institutions responsible for safeguarding their wellbeing. Furthermore, the restrictions on social interactions experienced throughout the process have resulted in feelings of loneliness and isolation. Additionally, there has been a significant loss of employment and livelihoods. Turkey has also been subjected to this adverse process, which has affected the global population. The objective of this study is to examine the variables and changes that affect the alteration in individuals' perception of happiness before and after the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, based on the data obtainedfrom the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) pertaining to the Turkish Life Satisfaction Survey. Feature selection algorithms are employed to eliminate superfluous data from analyses conducted on large data sets. These processes enhance the efficacy of the models and accelerate the analysis process. Boruta and Correlation-based feature selection algorithms, which are machine learning feature selection algorithms, were employed in this study. The findings revealed that while specific variables influencing happiness were pivotal for the concept ofhappiness, job satisfaction, unemployment, and consumption of inexpensive products emerged as salient factorsin the concept of happiness after the advent of the pandemic.
Adams-Prassl, A., Boneva, T., Golin, M., & Rauh, C. (2020). Inequality in the impact of the coronavirus shock: Evidence from real time surveys. Journal of Public Economics, 189, 104245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104245
Adıgüzel Özbek, D., & Melikoğlu Eke, A. S. (2022). Pandemi ile Evde Yaşam: Covid-19 Süreci ve Sonrası için Konut Tasarım Stratejileri. Megaron / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 17(2), 371–388. https://doi.org/10.14744/megaron.2022.78642
Ahmed, A. A. M., Deo, R. C., Ghahramani, A., Raj, N., Feng, Q., Yin, Z., & Yang, L. (2021). LSTM integrated with Boruta-random forest optimiser for soil moisture estimation under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 global warming scenarios. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 35(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-021-01969-3
Albattah, W., Khan, R. U., Alsharekh, M. F., & Khasawneh, S. F. (2022). Feature Selection Techniques for Big Data Analytics. Electronics, 11(19), 3177. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193177
Alkan, O., & Kavalci, K. (2023). Gender differences in happiness during COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Türkiye. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 153. https://doi.org/10.5455/PBS.20230512053548
Aluş, Y., & Selçukkaya, S. (2015). Türk Ailesinde Mutluluk Algısı ve Değerleri. Sosyal ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(2), 151–175. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/197557
Asif, R., Merceron, A., Ali, S. A., & Haider, N. G. (2017). Analyzing undergraduate students’ performance using educational data mining. Computers & Education, 113, 117–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.007
Bakkeli, N. Z. (2021). Health, work, and contributing factors on life satisfaction: A study in Norway before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM - Population Health, 14, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100804
Delhey, J., Hess, S., Boehnke, K., Deutsch, F., Eichhorn, J., Kühnen, U., & Welzel, C. (2023). Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Human, Economic, Social, and Psychological Capital. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(7), 2201–2222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00676-w
Diener, E. (2007). Guidelines for National Indicators of Subjective Well-Being and Ill-Being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1(2), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-006-9007-x
Easterlin, R. A., & O’Connor, K. J. (2023). Three years of COVID-19 and life satisfaction in Europe: A macro view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(19). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300717120
Ferreira, F. H. G. (2021). Inequality in The Time Of Covid-19. IMF. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/06/inequality-and-covid-19-ferreira.htm
Folk, D., Okabe-Miyamoto, K., Dunn, E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2020). Did Social Connection Decline During the First Wave of COVID-19?: The Role of Extraversion. Collabra: Psychology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.365
Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2020). COVID-19 - Virtual press conference. WHO. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-20mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=1eafbff_0
Godman, H. (2023). Can varied social interactions boost well-being? Harvard Health Letter. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/can-varied-social-interactions-boost-well-being
Hamermesh, D. S. (2020). Life satisfaction, loneliness and togetherness, with an application to Covid-19 lock-downs. Review of Economics of the Household, 18(4), 983–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-020-09495-x
Han, H., Jahed Armaghani, D., Tarinejad, R., Zhou, J., & Tahir, M. M. (2020). Random Forest and Bayesian Network Techniques for Probabilistic Prediction of Flyrock Induced by Blasting in Quarry Sites. Natural Resources Research, 29(2), 655–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09611-4
Helliwell, J. F., Huang, H., Wang, S., & Norton, M. (2021). Happiness, trust, and deaths under COVID-19. Içinde World Happiness Report 2021 (ss. 13–56). World Happiness Report. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2021/happiness-trust-and-deaths-under-covid-19/
Kamilçelebi, H. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Happiness and Socioeconomic Conditions: Differences Across Countries and Individuals’ Personality Traits. Journal of Economic Policy Researches / İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 353–372. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR1063845
Karataş, Z., Uzun, K., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). Relationships Between the Life Satisfaction, Meaning in Life, Hope and COVID-19 Fear for Turkish Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633384
Kursa, M. B. (2020). Package ‘Boruta’. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Boruta/Boruta.pdf
Kursa, M. B., & Rudnicki, W. R. (2010). Feature Selection with the Boruta Package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(11). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i11
Kuzudisli, C., Bakir-Gungor, B., Bulut, N., Qaqish, B., & Yousef, M. (2023). Review of feature selection approaches based on grouping of features. PeerJ, 11, e15666. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15666
Lahouar, A., & Slama, J. B. H. (2015). Random forests model for one day ahead load forecasting. IREC2015 The Sixth International Renewable Energy Congress, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IREC.2015.7110975
Lee, S. S., Shim, Y., Choi, J., & Choi, I. (2023). Paradoxical Impacts of Social Relationship on Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(2), 745–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00614-2
Mahajan, G., & Saini, B. (2020). Educational Data Mining: A state-of-the-art survey on tools and techniques used in EDM. International Journal of Computer Applications & Information Technology, 12(1), 310–316. https://ijcait.com/IJCAIT/121/IJCAIT1215GINIKA.pdf
Michalak, K., & Kwasnicka, H. (2010). Correlation based feature selection method. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, 2(5), 319. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIC.2010.036158
Neugebauer, M., Patzina, A., Dietrich, H., & Sandner, M. (2023). Two pandemic years greatly reduced young people’s life satisfaction: evidence from a comparison with pre-COVID-19 panel data. European Sociological Review, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad077
Nguyen, H., Franke, K., & Petrovic, S. (2010). Improving Effectiveness of Intrusion Detection by Correlation Feature Selection. 2010 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/ARES.2010.70
Okabe-Miyamoto, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2021). Social Connection and Well-Being during COVID-19. Içinde World Happiness Report 2021 (ss. 133–154). World Happiness Report. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2021/social-connection-and-well-being-during-covid-19/
Pan, W., Zhou, W., Wu, J., Huang, Z., Ding, L., Guo, L., Hang, B., & Li, X. (2023). The effect of exposure to COVID-19 on life satisfaction: The mediating role of hyperarousal and moderating/mediating role of affective forecasting. Journal of Affective Disorders, 337, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.062
Petersen, J., Hettich, N., Baumkötter, R., Wild, P. S., Pfeiffer, N., Münzel, T., König, J., Lackner, K. J., & Beutel, M. E. (2022). The burdens of poverty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Sociology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.995318
Petrovič, F., Murgaš, F., & Králik, R. (2021). Happiness in Czechia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(19), 10826. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910826
Rossouw, S., Greyling, T., & Adhikari, T. (2021). The evolution of happiness pre and peri-COVID-19: A Markov Switching Dynamic Regression Model. PLOS ONE, 16(12), e0259579. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259579
Sarker, P. C., Sugawara, D., & Nishad, M. F. R. (2022). The mediating role of hope in relation with fear of COVID‐19 and mental health: A study on tertiary level students of Rajshahi District. Health Science Reports, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.836
Satici, S. A., Kayis, A. R., Satici, B., Griffiths, M. D., & Can, G. (2023). Resilience, Hope, and Subjective Happiness Among the Turkish Population: Fear of COVID-19 as a Mediator. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(2), 803–818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00443-5
Sehribanoglu, S. (2024). Determination of Variables Affecting Reading Skills Using the Boruta Algorithm in a Turkish Sample from the PISA 2018. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1254457
Senger, A. R. (2023). Hope’s relationship with resilience and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Opinion in Psychology, 50, 101559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101559
Son, Y., Hyunjeong, P., & Park, M. (2020). Random Forest Analysis of Factors Influencing the Students’ Reading Literacy Levels: Using PISA 2018 Korea Data. Asian Journal of Education, 21(1–4), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2020.03.21.1.191
Tauraitė, V., & Aleksandravičienė, A. (2023). The Relationship Between Time Allocation for Work and Personal Life and Happiness. Social Welfare: Interdisciplinary Approach, 13, 22–41. https://doi.org/10.15388/SW.2023.13.12
TDK. (2024). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
TUIK. (2023). Yaşam Memnuniyeti Araştırması 2022. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/announcements/yasam_memnuniyeti_arastirmasi.pdf
Unpingco, J. (2019). Machine Learning. Içinde Python for Probability, Statistics, and Machine Learning (2. baskı, s. 384). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18545-9
Veenhoven, R. (2008). Healthy happiness: effects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive health care. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(3), 449–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9042-1
WBG. (2022). Household Monitoring Systems to Track the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/high-frequency-monitoring-surveys
WHO. (2022). Covid-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
Yonzan, N., Cojocaru, A., Lakner, C., Mahler, D. G., & Narayan, A. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on poverty and inequality: Evidence from phone surveys. World Bank Group. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/impact-covid-19-poverty-and-inequality-evidence-phone-surveys
Yüceol, N., Urfa, A. M., Sarp, P., & Binici, C. M. (2021). The impact of work-life balance on mental well-being of remote working generation y academicians due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 43(2), 266–284. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.14780/muiibd.1052073
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
Sosyal Değişim, Yaşam Seyrinin Sosyolojisi, Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Şehribanoğlu, S. (2024). Covid 19 Öncesi ve Sonrası Algılanan Mutluluk. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(66), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1545515