Selection of succulent species to be used on green roofs according to phytogeographic regions: Türkiye example

Onur Aksoy; Kamil Erken

doi:10.20289/zfdergi.1444785

TR EN

Yeşil çatılarda kullanılacak sukulent türlerinin fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre seçimi: Türkiye örneği

Öz

Bu çalışmadaki amaç Türkiye'de 3 fitocoğrafik bölge için tavsiye edilecek yeşil çatılarda kullanılabilecek sukkulent bitki türlerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma materyali olarak Türkiye'deki üç fitocoğrafik bölge ve bu bölgelerin doğal florasında bulunan sukkulent taksonlar seçilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Daha sonra literatürden elde edilen sukulent türlerinin familyası, endemizmi, tüylülüğü, iklimi, rakımı ve habitat durumu belirlendi. Son aşamada elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda 3 farklı fitocoğrafik bölgede yeşil çatı için önerilebilecek taksonlar listelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Saxifraga spp. ve Sempervivum spp. serin iklimlerde Umbilicus spp. ve Rosularia spp sıcak iklime sahip cinsler en fazla takson içeren cinslerdir. Ayrıca hem serin hem de sıcak iklimlerde yer alan Sedum spp. ve Rosularia spp. cinsinin tür zenginliği açısından birinci sırada yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın çıktıları dünya çapında benzer fitocoğrafik bölgelerde bulunan ülkeler için yeşil çatılarda kullanılabilecek doğru sukkulent türlerinin seçimine yardımcı olması açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Serin iklim sukulent türleri , yeşil çatı , fitocoğrafya , sukulent bitkiler , sıcak iklim sukulent türleri

Selection of succulent species to be used on green roofs according to phytogeographic regions: Türkiye example

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the succulent plant species that can be used on green roofs to be recommended for 3 phytogeographic regions in Türkiye. Three phytogeographic regions in Türkiye and the succulent taxa found in the natural flora of these regions were chosen as the study material. In the study, firstly, literature search was conducted. Then, family, endemism, hairiness, climate, altitude and habitat status of succulent species obtained from the literature were determined. In line with the information obtained in the last stage, taxa that can be recommended for green roofs in 3 different phytogeographic regions are listed. As a result of the study, it was determined that Saxifraga spp. and Sempervivum spp. in cool climates, Umbilicus spp. and Rosularia spp hot climates that the genera are the genera with the highest number of taxa. Also, ranked in both cool and warm climates, Sedum spp. and Rosularia spp. first in terms of the species richness of its genera The findings of this study are of importance in terms of helping the selection of the right succulent species that can be used on green roofs for countries located in similar phytogeographic regions around the world.

Keywords

Cool climate succulent species , green roof , phytogeography , succulent plants , warm climate succulent species

Kaynakça

Aktürk, E. & K. Güney, 2021. Vegetation Cover Change Analysis of Phytogeographic Regions of Turkey Based on CORINE Land Cover Datasets from 1990 to 2018. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 21 (2): 150-164. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1000406
Altay, B. & A. O. Uslu, 2022. A Pioneering Approach In Urban Landscape Design Against Global Clımate/Environmental Problems In The Cities Of The Future; Xeriscape. Proceeding Book, 171 pp.
Avcı, M., 1993. A geographical approach to Turkey's flora regions and the "Anatolian Diagonal". Turkish Journal of Geography. (28): 225-248.
Bilgili, B. C. & F. Karahan, 2011. The effects of global climate change on landscape design: tend to succulent plant species. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1): 31-42.
Bousselot, J. M., J. E. Klett & R. D. Koski, 2011. Moisture content of extensive green roof substrate and growth response of 15 temperate plant species during dry down. HortScience, 46 (3): 518-522. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.3.518
Bozyel, D., N. B. Pelt & S. G. Şenol, 2021. A new record from the mediterranean temporary wetland habitats, for Flora of Turkey: Crassula vaillantii. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14 (3): 359-364. DOI: 10.46309/biodicon.2021.763528
Carey, D., B. Whipker, I. McCall & W. Buhler, 2009. “Benzyladenine foliar sprays increase offsets in Sempervivum and Echeveria, 19-21”. In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, Asheville, North Carolina, USA, (2-6 August 2009), Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, 53 pp.
Chell, S., N.Tomson, T. D. H. Kim & R. N. Michael, 2022. Performance of native succulents, forbs, and grasses on an extensive green roof over four years in subtropical Australia. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 74: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127631
CSFN, 2023. Cactus and Succulent Field Number. (Web page: https://www.cl-cactus.com/) (Date accessed: February 2023).
Daşkın, R., O. Yılmaz & G. Kaynak, 2009. Prometheum chrysanthum subsp. uludaghense (Crassulaceae), a new taxon from Turkey. In Annales Botanici Fennici, 46 (5): 456-458.

Davis, P. H., 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 1-9. 1965 (1), 1967 (2), 1970 (3). 1972 (4), 1975 (5), 1978 (6), 1982 (7), 1984 (8), 1985 (9), 1988 (Supplement). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, UK, 5815 pp.
Demircan, N., I. Öz, R. Stephenson & F. Karahan, 2006. “Ekoturizm ve botanik turizmi: Türkiye’nin sukkulent bitki çeşitliliğinin turizm potansiyeli, 26-28”. In: GAP V. Mühendislik Kongresi. Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, 26-28 June 2006, 880 pp.
Di Miceli, G., N. Lacuzzi, M. Licata, S. La Bella, T. Tuttolomondo & S. Aprile, 2022. Growth and development of succulent mixtures for extensive green roofs in a Mediterranean climate. PlosOne, 17 (6): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269446
Dvorak, B. & A. Volder, 2010. Green roof vegetation for North American ecoregions: a literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96 (4): 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.04.009
Dvorak, B. D. & A. Volder, 2012. Plant establishment on unirrigated green roof modules in a subtropical climate. Aob Plants, 5: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/pls049
Erzurumlu, G. S., 2021. Evaluation of the sufficiency of urban green spaces: Nigde city example. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 58 (2): 181-192. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.740080
Grace, O. M., 2019. Succulent plant diversity as natural capital. Plants, People, Planet, 1 (4): 336-345. DOI: 10.1002/ppp3.25
Fernandez-Cañero, R., T. Emilsson, C. Fernandez-Barba & M. Á. H. Machuca, 2013. Green roof systems: A study of public attitudes and preferences in southern Spain. Journal of Environmental Management, 128: 106-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.052
Farrell, C., R. E. Mitchell, C. Szota, J. P. Rayner & N. S. G. Williams, 2012. Green roofs for hot and dry climates: Interacting effects of plant water use, succulence and substrate. Ecological Engineering, 49: 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.08.036
Güner, A., S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M.T. Babaç, 2012. [Turkey plant list (Vascular plants)]. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden and Flora Research Association, 7 pp.
IDA, 2023. Izmir Development Agency. (Web page: https://izka.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Izmırın-Kadım-Uretım-Havzaları.pdf) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
Ismaeil, E. M. & A. E. E. Sobaih, 2022. Assessing xeriscaping as a retrofit sustainable water consumption approach for a desert university campus. Water, 14 (11): 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111681
Jim, C.Y., 2014. Heat-sink effect and indoor warming imposed by tropical extensive green roof. Ecological Engineering, 62: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.022
Johannessen, B. G., H. M. Hanslin & T. M. Muthanna, 2017. Green roof performance potential in cold and wet regions. Ecological Engineering, 106: 436-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.06.011
JSTOR, 2023. Global Plants. (Web page: https://plants.jstor.org/) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
Karahan, F., I. Öz, N. Demircan & R. Stephenson, 2006. Succulent Plant Diversity in Turkey I. Stonecrops (Crassulaceae). Haseltonia, 2006 (12): 41-54.
Karahan, F., 2004. Succulent plant Diversity of Turkey: the case study of Sempervivum genus. Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences 7 (6): 977-980.
Karahan, F. & İ. Angın, 2008. Yeşil alan uygulamalarında su tüketiminin asgariye indirilmesi için sukkulent bitki türlerinden yararlanma. TMMOB, 2: 291-296.
Karahan, F. & H. Yılmaz, 2001. Determination of some alpine plants suitable for landscape planning in Erzurum and surroundings. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 (4): 225-233.
Karaer, F. & F. Celep, 2008. Sempervivum ekimii nom. et stat. nov. for S. minus var. glabrum (Crassulaceae), with an amplified description. In: Annales Botanici Fennici, Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 229-232 pp.
Karaer, F., F. Celep & G. Kutbay, 2010. Morphological, ecological and palynological studies on Sempervivum sosnowskyi Ter-Chatsch. (Crassulaceae) with a new distribution record from Turkey. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4 (4): 247-251.
KEW, 2023. Royal Botanic Garden, Plants of the World Online. (Web page: https://plants.jstor.org/) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
Kirschner, G. K., T. T. Xiao & I. Blilou, 2021. Rooting in the desert: A developmental overview on desert plants. Genes, 12 (5): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12050709
Klein, P. M. & R. Coffman, 2015. Establishment and performance of an experimental green roof under extreme climatic conditions. Science of the Total Environment, 512: 82-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.020
Küçük, M. & E. Ertürk, 2013. Biodiversity and protected areas in Turkey. Sains Malaysiana, 42 (10): 1455-1460.
Little, L., P. M. Eidesen, E. Müller, K. J. Dickinson & J. M. Lord, 2016. Leaf and floral heating in cold climates: do sub-Antarctic megaherbs resemble tropical alpine giants? Polar Research, 35 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.26030
Minareci, E., K. Yildiz, S. Gucel & M. Kuh, 2012. Rosularia globulariifolia var. pallidiflora comb. et stat. nov.(Crassulaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany, 30 (5): 526-532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01359.x
Monteiro, M. V., T. Blanuša, A. Verhoef, M. Richardson, P. Hadley & R. W. F. Cameron, 2017. Functional green roofs: Importance of plant choice in maximising summertime environmental cooling and substrate insulation potential. Energy and Buildings, 141: 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.011
Moles, A. T., S. W. Laffan, M. Keighery, R. L. Dalrymple, M. L. Tindall & S. C. Chen, 2020. A hairy situation: Plant species in warm, sunny places are more likely to have pubescent leaves. Journal of Biogeography, 47 (9): 1934-1944. DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13870
Nagase, A. & N. Dunnett, 2010. Drought tolerance in different vegetation types for extensive green roofs: effects of watering and diversity. Landscape and Urban Planning, 97 (4): 318-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.07.005
OP, 2023. Our Plants, Plants of Turkey. (Web page: https://www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr/) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
Ozhatay, N. & Ş. Kültür, 2006. Check-list of additional taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey III. Turkish Journal of Botany, 30 (4): 281-316.
Ozhatay, F. N., Ş. Kültür & M. B. Gürdal, 2011. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement Flora of Turkey V. Turkish Journal of Botany, 35 (5): 589-624.DOI 10.3906/bot-1101-20
Ozhatay, N., Ş. K. B. Gürdal, N. Ozhatay, Ş. Kültür & B. Gürdal, 2013. Check-list of additional taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey VI. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 43 (1): 33-83.
Ozhatay, F. N., Ş. Kültür & B. Gürdal, 2022. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement of flora of Turkey X. Istanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 52 (2): 226-249. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1096223
Ozturk, M., A. Celik, C. Yarci, A. Aksoy & E. Feoli, 2002. An overview of plant diversity, land use and degradation in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Environmental Management and Health, 13 (5): 442-449. PT, 2023. Plants of Turkey. (Web page: https://turkiyebitkileri.com/tr/) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
Rayner, J. P., C. Farrell, K. J. Raynor, S. M. Murphy & N. S. Williams, 2016. Plant establishment on a green roof under extreme hot and dry conditions: The importance of leaf succulence in plant selection. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 15: 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.11.004
Razzaghmanesh, M., S. Beecham & F. Kazemi, 2014. The growth and survival of plants in urban green roofs in a dry climate. Science of the Total Environment, 476: 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.014
Rowe, D. B., K. L. Getter & A. K. Durhman, 2012. Effect of green roof media depth on Crassulacean plant succession over seven years. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104 (3-4): 310-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.010
Scharf, B. & I. Zluwa, 2017. Case study investigation of the building physical properties of seven different green roof systems. Energy and Buildings, 151: 564-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.06.050
Suehs, C. M., L. Affre & F. Médail, 2004. Invasion dynamics of two alien Carpobrotus (Aizoaceae) taxa on a Mediterranean island: I. Genetic diversity and introgression. Heredity, 92 (1): 31-40. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800374
Stancu D.I. & R. Stancu, 2003. The Fontinal Vegetation In The~ Iosu And Buda Mountains, 77-87 pp.
S&S, 2023. Sempervivum & Saxifraga. (Web page: https://www.sempervivum-saxifragen.de/ ) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
SL, 2023. Sempervivum list the houseleek encyclopedia in words and pictures. (Web page: https://www.sempervivum-liste.de/ ) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
Şükran, K. & G. Abamor Bahar, 2022. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement of flora of Turkey X. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 52 (2): 226-249. DOI :10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1096223
Takesh, A., M. Fatahinia &, A. Z. Mahmoudabadi, 2019. In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of three traditionally used medicinal plants; Umbilicus Intermedius Boiss, Cuminum Cyminum and Zingiber Officinale extracts. International Journal of Medical Laboratory. 6 (4): 266-274.
Thiede, J., 2017. Sempervivum gurgenidzeae (Crassulaceae)-an overlooked name from the Great Caucasus of Georgia. Bradleya, 35: 177-179.
TUBIVES, 2004. Turkish Plants Data Service. (Web page: http://194.27.225.161/yasin/tubives/index.php) (Date accessed: Feb 2023).
Uludag, A., N. Aksoy, A. Yazlık, Z. F. Arslan, E. Yazmış, I. Uremis ... & G. Brundu, 2017. Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes. NeoBiota, 35: 61-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.35.12460
Uotila, P., A. N. Sennikov & A. Danin, 2012. The nomenclature of Portulaca oleracea and P. sativa (Portulacaceae). Willdenowia, 25-28 pp.
Vahdati, N., A. Tehranifar & F. Kazemi, 2017. Assessing chilling and drought tolerance of different plant genera on extensive green roofs in an arid climate region in Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 192: 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.027
Van Mechelen, C., T. Dutoit & M. Hermy, 2015. Vegetation development on different extensive green roof types in a Mediterranean and temperate maritime climate. Ecological Engineering, 82: 571-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.05.011
Vanuytrecht, E., C. Van Mechelen, K. Van Meerbeek, P. Willems, M. Hermy & D. Raes, 2014. Runoff and vegetation stress of green roofs under different climate change scenarios. Landscape and Urban Planning, 122: 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.11.001
Vendramini, F., S. Díaz, D. E. Gurvich, P. J. Wilson, K. Thompson & J. G. Hodgson, 2002. Leaf traits as indicators of resource‐use strategy in floras with succulent species. New Phytologist, 154 (1): 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00357
Vladimirov, V. & K. Tan, 2014. New floristic records in the Balkans: 24. Phytologia Balcanica: International Journal of Balkan Flora and Vegetation, 20 (1): 99-137. DOI 10.7546/PhB.28.2.2022.9
Wagner, J. & W. Larcher, 1981. Dependence of CO2 gas exchange and acid metabolism of the alpine CAM plant Sempervivum montanum on temperature and light. Oecologia, 50(1), 88-93.
Wang, H., R. Wang, S. P. Harrison & I. C. Prentice, 2022. Leaf morphological traits as adaptations to multiple climate gradients. Journal of Ecology, 110 (6): 1344-1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2010.01.005
Williams, N.S., J.P. Rayner & K.J. Raynor, 2010. Green roofs for a wide brown land: Opportunities and barriers for rooftop greening in Australia. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9 (3): 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2010.01.005
Wilkinson, S. & R. C. Feitosa, 2015. Retrofitting housing with lightweight green roof technology in Sydney, Australia, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sustainability, 7 (1): 1081-1098. doi:10.3390/su7011081
Wolf, D. & J. T. Lundholm, 2008. Water uptake in green roof microcosms: Effects of plant species and water availability. Ecological Engineering, 33 (2): 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.02.008
Zaharıa, A., S. L. Balcǎu, E. Buta & D. Zaharıa, 2012. Research Concerning the Behavior of Sempervivum Plants under Treatements with Herbicides. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture, 69 (1): 363-368.
Zhang, H., S. Lu, X. Fan, J. Wu, Y. Jiang, L. Ren ... & H. Zhao, 2021. Is sustainable extensive green roof realizable without irrigation in a temperate monsoonal climate? A case study in Beijing. Science of The Total Environment, 753: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142067
Zhang, Z., C. Szota, T. D. Fletcher, N.S. Williams, J. Werdin & C. Farrell, 2018. Influence of plant composition and water use strategies on green roof stormwater retention. Science of the Total Environment, 625: 775-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.231

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Onur Aksoy ^*
0000-0002-8019-3724
Türkiye

Kamil Erken
0000-0003-3492-7683
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

18 Eylül 2024

Yayımlanma Tarihi

18 Eylül 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

29 Şubat 2024

Kabul Tarihi

27 Haziran 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 1970 Cilt: 61 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1444785

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85CK64HP

APA

Aksoy, O., & Erken, K. (2024). Selection of succulent species to be used on green roofs according to phytogeographic regions: Türkiye example. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 61(3), 383-399. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1444785