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Süt sığırlarında topallık: hayvan refahı ve davranışına etkisi üzerine bir değerlendirme

Yıl 2021, , 629 - 639, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.870888

Öz

Modern yöntemlerin uygulandığı süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde, yıllar içinde topallıkların artması dikkat çekicidir. Bu bağlamda ortalama verim arttıkça, topallığın gelecekte daha da büyük bir sorun haline geleceği öngörülebilir. Süt sığırlarında topallığa neden olan ayak hastalıkları enfeksiyöz ve nonenfeksiyöz olmak üzere iki kategoride incelenebilir. Bu hastalıklar, sığırları etkileyen en önemli ağrılı hastalıklar grubundandır. Bu nedenle topallık süt sığırlarında önemli bir hayvan refahı problemi olarak tanımlanır. Süt sığırcılığında hayvan refahı üç bileşen üzerinden değerlendirilebilir. Bunlar; hayvanın doğal davranış ve ihtiyaçlarını gerçekleştirme yeteneği ve imkânı, hayvanın duygusal durumu ve hayvanın sağlığı olarak sıralanabilir. Bir hayvanın refahı, onun doğal fiziksel ve zihinsel durumunun korunması ve ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesini içerir. İnsan tarafından kontrol altına alınmış herhangi bir hayvanın bu durum ve ihtiyaçlarının korunması ve giderilmesi o hayvanın en doğal hakkıdır. Bu bağlamda iyi bir hayvan refahının hem sağlık hem de iyi olma duygusu anlamına geldiği söylenebilir. Bu üç bileşeni dikkate alarak hayvan refahını tehdit eden faktörleri incelemek mümkündür. Hayvan refahı kapsamında değerlendirilen olumsuzlukların hayvanlar üzerinde oluşturduğu stres, sürü sağlığını etkileyerek önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olur. Bu derlemenin amacı; süt sığırlarında topallıkların hayvan refahı ve davranışı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini vurgulamak ve böylece süt sığırcılığının yetiştirici, çiftlik çalışanları vb. tüm paydaşlarında topallıklar konusunda bir farkındalık oluşturmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Akköse, M. & C. İzci, 2017. Süt ineklerinde yatma süresinin topallıklara etkisi ve yatma süresini etkileyen faktörler. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 57(1): 44-51.
  • Alsaaod, M., M. Luternauer, T. Hausegger, R. Kredel & A. Steiner, 2017. The cow pedogram analysis of gait cycle variables allows the detection of lameness and foot pathologies. Journal of Dairy Science, 100: 1417–1426.
  • Bach, A., M. Binares, M. Devant & X. Carre, 2007. Associations between lameness and production, feding and milking attendance of Holstein cows milked with an automatic milking system. Journal of Dairy Research, 74: 40-46.
  • Barkema, H.W., M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, J.P. Kastelic, T.J.G.M. Lam, C. Luby, J.P. Roy, S.J. LeBlanc, S.J., G.P. Keefe & D.F. Kelton, 2015. Invited review: Changes in the dairy industry affecting dairy cattle health and welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 98: 7426–7445.
  • Barker, Z.E., K.A. Leach & H.R. Whay, 2010. Assessment of lameness prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy herds in England and Wales. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 932-941.
  • Becker, J., A. Steiner ,S. Kohler, A. Koller-Bahler, M. Wuthrich & M. Reist, 2014. Lameness and foot lesions in Swiss dairy cows: I. Prevalence. Schweizer Archiv Für Tierheilkunde,156: 71-78.
  • Bell, N.J., M.J. Bell, T.G. Knowles, H.R. Whay, D.C.J. Main, & A.J.F. Webster, 2009. The development, implementation and testing of a lameness control programme based on HACCP principles and designed for heifers on dairy farms. The Veterinary Journal, 180: 178-188.
  • Bicalho, R.C., V.S. Machado & L.S. Caixeta, 2009. Lameness in dairy cattle: a debilitating disease or a disease of debilitated cattle A cross-sectional study of lameness prevalence and thickness of the digital cushion. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(7): 3175-3184.
  • Bran, J.A., R.R. Daros, M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, S.J. Leblanc & M.J. Hötzel, 2018. Cow and herd-level factors associated with lameness in small-scale grazing dairy herds in Brazil. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 151: 79-86.
  • Bruijnis, M.R.N., B. Beerda, H. Hogeveen & E.N. Stassen, 2011. Assessing the welfare impact of foot disorders in dairy cattle by a modeling approach. Animal, 6: 962-970.
  • Bruijnis, M.R.N., H. Hogeveen & E.N. Stassen, 2013. Measures to improve dairy cow foot health: consequences for farmer income and dairy cow welfare. Animal, 7: 167-175.
  • Burgstaller, J., C. Egger-Danner, S. Guggenbichler, B. Fürst-Waltl, F. Steininger & J. Kofler, 2017. The influence of lameness and claw disorders on fertility parameters in Austrian dairy cows. In: Proceedings of the Ninteenth International Symposium and Eleventh International Conference on Lameness in Ruminants (06-09 September 2017, Munich), pp. 347–348.
  • Bustamante, H.A., A.R. Rodriguez, D.E. Herzberg & M.P. Werner, 2015. Stress and pain response after oligofructose induced-lameness in dairy heifers. Journal of Veterinary Science, 16: 405-411.
  • Cartwright, S.L., F. Malchiodi, K. Thompson-crispi, F. Miglior & B.A. Mallard, 2017. Short communication: Prevalence of digital dermatitis in Canadian dairy cattle classified as high, average, or low antibody-and cell-mediated immune responders. Journal of Dairy Science. 100: 8409–8413.
  • Chapinal, N., M. De Passille, J. Rushen & S. Wagner, 2013. Automated methods for detecting lameness and meas¬uring analgesia in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 2007–2013.
  • Chapinal, N., Y. Liang, D.M. Weary, Y. Wang & M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, 2014. Risk factors for lameness and hock injuries in Holstein herds in China. Journal of Dairy Science, 97: 4309-4316.
  • Charfeddine, N. & M.A. Pérez-Cabal, 2017. Effect of claw disorders on milk production, fertility, and longevity, and their economic impact in Spanish Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100: 653-665.
  • Clay, N., T. Garnett & J. Lorimer, 2020. Dairy intensification: Drivers, impacts and alternatives. Ambio, 49: 35-48.
  • Coetzee, J.F., J.K. Shearer, M.L. Stock, M.D. Kleinhenz & S.R. van Amstel, 2017. An update on the assessment and management of pain associated with lameness in cattle. Vet Clin Food Anim, 33(2): 389–411.
  • Cook, N.B. & K.V. Nordlund, 2009. The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics. Journal of Veterinary Science, 179(3): 360-9.
  • Cook, N.B., R.L. Mentink & T.B. Bennett, 2007. The effect of heat stress and lamenesson time budgets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 1674-1682.
  • Cramer, G., K.D. Lissemore, C.L. Guard, K.E. Leslie & D.F. Kelton, 2009. The association between foot lesions and culling risk in Ontario Holstein cows. The Veterinary Journal, 92: 2572-2579.
  • FAWC (Farm Animal Welfare Council) Five Freedoms. 2012. http://www.fawc.org.uk. Erişim: Ocak, 2021.
  • Fraser, D. 2014. Could animal production become a profession. Livestock Science. 169: 155-162.
  • Garbarino, E.J., J.A. Hernandez, J.K. Shearer, C.A. Risco & W.W. Thatcher, 2004. Effect of lameness on ovarian activity in postpartum Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87: 4123-4131.
  • Gomez, A & N.B. Cook, 2010. Time budgets of lactating dairy cattle in commercial freestall herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 5772-5781.
  • Grant, R. 2011. Current concepts in time budgeting for dairy cattle. Penn State Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop, Grantville (PA), pp, 101-105.
  • Green, L.E., J.N. Huxley & C. Banks, 2014. Temporal associations between low body condition, lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 113: 63-71.
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Lameness in dairy cattle: an assesment of its effects on animal welfare and behavior

Yıl 2021, , 629 - 639, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.870888

Öz

It is noteworthy that the prevalence of lameness in modern dairy farms has increased over the years. As the average yield increases, lameness can be predicted to become an even greater problem in the future. Foot diseases that cause lameness are commonly categorized according to their etiology into infectious and noninfectious lesions. Foot diseases are among the most important painful diseases affecting cattle. Therefore, lameness is an important animal welfare problem in dairy cattle. Animal welfare in dairy cattle can be evaluated on the following three components; the ability and ability to fulfill the natural behavior and needs of the animal, the animal's emotional state and the animal's health. The welfare of an animal includes the maintenance of its natural physical and mental state and the satisfaction of its needs. The fulfillment of these needs of any animal controlled by human beings is the most natural right of that animal. In this context, it can be said that good animal welfare means both healthy and well-being. It is possible to evaluate the factors that threaten animal welfare by considering these 3 components. The stress caused by the negativities considered within the scope of animal welfare affects the health of the herd and causes significant economic losses. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the negative effects of lameness in dairy cattle on animal welfare and behavior to raise awareness on this issue among all stakeholders of the dairy industry, such as breeders, farm workers, etc.

Kaynakça

  • Akköse, M. & C. İzci, 2017. Süt ineklerinde yatma süresinin topallıklara etkisi ve yatma süresini etkileyen faktörler. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 57(1): 44-51.
  • Alsaaod, M., M. Luternauer, T. Hausegger, R. Kredel & A. Steiner, 2017. The cow pedogram analysis of gait cycle variables allows the detection of lameness and foot pathologies. Journal of Dairy Science, 100: 1417–1426.
  • Bach, A., M. Binares, M. Devant & X. Carre, 2007. Associations between lameness and production, feding and milking attendance of Holstein cows milked with an automatic milking system. Journal of Dairy Research, 74: 40-46.
  • Barkema, H.W., M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, J.P. Kastelic, T.J.G.M. Lam, C. Luby, J.P. Roy, S.J. LeBlanc, S.J., G.P. Keefe & D.F. Kelton, 2015. Invited review: Changes in the dairy industry affecting dairy cattle health and welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 98: 7426–7445.
  • Barker, Z.E., K.A. Leach & H.R. Whay, 2010. Assessment of lameness prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy herds in England and Wales. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 932-941.
  • Becker, J., A. Steiner ,S. Kohler, A. Koller-Bahler, M. Wuthrich & M. Reist, 2014. Lameness and foot lesions in Swiss dairy cows: I. Prevalence. Schweizer Archiv Für Tierheilkunde,156: 71-78.
  • Bell, N.J., M.J. Bell, T.G. Knowles, H.R. Whay, D.C.J. Main, & A.J.F. Webster, 2009. The development, implementation and testing of a lameness control programme based on HACCP principles and designed for heifers on dairy farms. The Veterinary Journal, 180: 178-188.
  • Bicalho, R.C., V.S. Machado & L.S. Caixeta, 2009. Lameness in dairy cattle: a debilitating disease or a disease of debilitated cattle A cross-sectional study of lameness prevalence and thickness of the digital cushion. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(7): 3175-3184.
  • Bran, J.A., R.R. Daros, M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, S.J. Leblanc & M.J. Hötzel, 2018. Cow and herd-level factors associated with lameness in small-scale grazing dairy herds in Brazil. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 151: 79-86.
  • Bruijnis, M.R.N., B. Beerda, H. Hogeveen & E.N. Stassen, 2011. Assessing the welfare impact of foot disorders in dairy cattle by a modeling approach. Animal, 6: 962-970.
  • Bruijnis, M.R.N., H. Hogeveen & E.N. Stassen, 2013. Measures to improve dairy cow foot health: consequences for farmer income and dairy cow welfare. Animal, 7: 167-175.
  • Burgstaller, J., C. Egger-Danner, S. Guggenbichler, B. Fürst-Waltl, F. Steininger & J. Kofler, 2017. The influence of lameness and claw disorders on fertility parameters in Austrian dairy cows. In: Proceedings of the Ninteenth International Symposium and Eleventh International Conference on Lameness in Ruminants (06-09 September 2017, Munich), pp. 347–348.
  • Bustamante, H.A., A.R. Rodriguez, D.E. Herzberg & M.P. Werner, 2015. Stress and pain response after oligofructose induced-lameness in dairy heifers. Journal of Veterinary Science, 16: 405-411.
  • Cartwright, S.L., F. Malchiodi, K. Thompson-crispi, F. Miglior & B.A. Mallard, 2017. Short communication: Prevalence of digital dermatitis in Canadian dairy cattle classified as high, average, or low antibody-and cell-mediated immune responders. Journal of Dairy Science. 100: 8409–8413.
  • Chapinal, N., M. De Passille, J. Rushen & S. Wagner, 2013. Automated methods for detecting lameness and meas¬uring analgesia in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 2007–2013.
  • Chapinal, N., Y. Liang, D.M. Weary, Y. Wang & M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, 2014. Risk factors for lameness and hock injuries in Holstein herds in China. Journal of Dairy Science, 97: 4309-4316.
  • Charfeddine, N. & M.A. Pérez-Cabal, 2017. Effect of claw disorders on milk production, fertility, and longevity, and their economic impact in Spanish Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100: 653-665.
  • Clay, N., T. Garnett & J. Lorimer, 2020. Dairy intensification: Drivers, impacts and alternatives. Ambio, 49: 35-48.
  • Coetzee, J.F., J.K. Shearer, M.L. Stock, M.D. Kleinhenz & S.R. van Amstel, 2017. An update on the assessment and management of pain associated with lameness in cattle. Vet Clin Food Anim, 33(2): 389–411.
  • Cook, N.B. & K.V. Nordlund, 2009. The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics. Journal of Veterinary Science, 179(3): 360-9.
  • Cook, N.B., R.L. Mentink & T.B. Bennett, 2007. The effect of heat stress and lamenesson time budgets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 1674-1682.
  • Cramer, G., K.D. Lissemore, C.L. Guard, K.E. Leslie & D.F. Kelton, 2009. The association between foot lesions and culling risk in Ontario Holstein cows. The Veterinary Journal, 92: 2572-2579.
  • FAWC (Farm Animal Welfare Council) Five Freedoms. 2012. http://www.fawc.org.uk. Erişim: Ocak, 2021.
  • Fraser, D. 2014. Could animal production become a profession. Livestock Science. 169: 155-162.
  • Garbarino, E.J., J.A. Hernandez, J.K. Shearer, C.A. Risco & W.W. Thatcher, 2004. Effect of lameness on ovarian activity in postpartum Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87: 4123-4131.
  • Gomez, A & N.B. Cook, 2010. Time budgets of lactating dairy cattle in commercial freestall herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 5772-5781.
  • Grant, R. 2011. Current concepts in time budgeting for dairy cattle. Penn State Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop, Grantville (PA), pp, 101-105.
  • Green, L.E., J.N. Huxley & C. Banks, 2014. Temporal associations between low body condition, lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 113: 63-71.
  • Griffiths BE, P.J. Mahen, R. Hall, N. Kakatsidis, N. Britten, K. Long, L. Robinson, H. Tatham, R. Jenkin & G. Oikonomou, 2020. A Prospective Cohort Study on the Development of Claw Horn Disruption Lesions in Dairy Cattle; Furthering our Understanding of the Role of the Digital Cushion. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 28: 7, 440.
  • Griffiths, B.E., D.G. White & G. Oikonomou, 2018. Cross-sectional study into the prevalence of dairy cattle lameness and associated herd-level risk factors in England and Wales. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5: 65.
  • Hagevoort, G. R., D.I. Douphrate & S.J. Reynolds, 2013. A review of health and safety leadership and managerial practices on modern dairy farms. Journal of Agromedicine, 18: 265-273.
  • Hansen, B. G. & O. Osteras. 2019. Farmer welfare and animal welfare-Exploring the relationship between farmer’s occupational well-being and stress, farm expansion and animal welfare. Preventive Veteterinary Medicine, 170: 104741.
  • Huxley, J.N. 2013. Impact of lameness and claw lesions in cows on health and production. Livestock Science, 156: 64-70.
  • Ito, K., M.G. Von Keyserlingk, S.J. Leblanc & D.M. Weary, 2010. Lying behavior as an indicator of lameness in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 3553-3560.
  • İzci, C. 2018. Sığırlarda Ayak Hastalıkları ve Topallık Kontrolü. SÜ Basımevi, Konya.
  • İzci, C., M. Erol & E. Göksahin, 2011. A Study About Determining the Changes in the Structural Characteristics of the Digital Cushion in Heifer and Multipar Dairy Cows: A Preliminary Report. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1): 159-162.
  • İzci, C., M. Erol & İ. Çelik, 2014. Boynuz Tırnak Lezyonu Bulunan Düve ve Süt İneklerinde Ökçe Yastığının Yapısal Özelliklerindeki Dönemsel Değişikliklerin Belirlenmesi. Tamamlanmış TÜBİTAK Projesi (1001), Proje No: 112O332.
  • Kauppinen, T., A. Valro & K.M. Vesala, 2013. Attitudes of dairy farmers toward cow welfare in relation to housing, management and productivity. Anthrozoös, 26: 405-420.
  • Knappe-Poindecker, M., M. Gilhuus, T.K. Jensen, K. Klitgaard, R.B. Larssen & T. Fjeldaas, 2013. Interdigital dermatitis, heel horn erosion and digital dermatitis in 14 Norwegian dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 96: 7617-7629.
  • Kofler, J. 2017. Pathogenesis and treatment of toe lesions in cattle including “nonhealing” toe lesions. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Foot Animal Practice, 3: 301-328.
  • Leach, K.A., H.R. Whay, C. M. Maggs, Z.E. Barker, E.S. Paul, A.K. Bell & D.C.J. Main, 2010. Working towards a reduction in cattle lameness: 1. Understanding barriers to lameness control on dairy farms. Research Veterinary Science, 89: 311-317.
  • Lischer, C.J., P. Ossent & M. Raber, 2002. The suspensory structures and supporting tissues of the bovine 3rd phalanx and their relevance in the development of sole ulcers at the typical site. Veterinary Record, 51(23):694-698.
  • McFarland, D. 2019. Heat Stress Abatement Techniques for Dairy Cattle. https://extension.psu.edu. Erişim: Ocak, 2021.
  • Melendez, P., J. Bartolome, L.F. Archbald, L.F. & A. Donovan, 2003. The association between lameness, ovarian cysts and fertility in lactating dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 59: 927-937.
  • Mellor, D.J. 2016. Updating Animal Welfare Thinking: Moving beyond the “Five Freedoms” towards “A Life Worth Living”. Animals, 6(3): 1-20.
  • Mills, K.E., D.M. Weary, & M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, 2020. Graduate Student Literature Review: Challenges and opportunities for human resource management on dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science, 104. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18455.
  • Navarro, G., L.E. Green & N. Tadich, 2013. Effect of lameness and lesion specific causes of lameness on time budgets of dairy cows at pasture and when housed. The Veterinary Journal, 197: 788-793.
  • Norring, M., H. Simojoki, P. Tamminen,C. Winckler &, M. Pastell, 2014. Short communication: Lameness impairs feeding behavior of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(7): 4317-4321.
  • Ossent, P. & C.J. Lischer, 1998. Bovine laminitis: the lesions and their pathogenesis. In Practice, 20: 415-427.
  • Palmer, M. & N. O’Connell, 2015. Digital dermatitis in dairy cows: A review of risk factors and potential sources of between-animal variation in susceptibility. Animals (Basel), 5: 512-535.Pinedo, P., Velez, J., Manriquez, D., Bothe, H. 2017. Treatment Options for Lameness Disorders in Organic Dairies. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 33: 377-387.
  • Potterton, S.L., N.J. Bell, H.R. Whay, E.A. Berry, O.C.D. Atkinson, R.S. Dean, D.C.J Main & J.N. Huxley, 2012. A descriptive review of the peer and non-peer reviewed literature on the treatment and prevention of foot lameness in cattle published between 2000 and 2011. The Veterinary Journal, 193: 612–616.
  • Randall, L.V., H.J. Thomas, J.G. Remnant, N.J. Bollard & N.J. Huxley, 2019. Lameness prevalence in a random sample of UK dairy herds. Short Communication. The Veterinary Record, 16: 184, 11: 350.
  • Ristevski, M., B. Toholj, M. Cincovic, P. Trojacanec, J. Staric & O. Smolec, 2017. Milk production, body condition score and metabolic parameters at the peak of lactation as risk factors for chronic lameness in dairy cows. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 23: 721-727.
  • Sadiq, M.B., S.Z. Ramanoon, R. Mansor, S.S. Syed-Hussain & W.M. Shaik Mossadeq, 2017. Prevalence of lameness, claw lesions, and associated risk factors in dairy farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49: 1741-1748.
  • Sepulveda-Varas, P., J. Lomb, M.A.G. Von Keyserlingk, R. Held, H. Bustamante & N. Tadich, 2018. Claw horn lesions in mid-lactation primiparous dairy cows under pasture-based systems: Association with behavioral and metabolic changes around calving. Journal of Dairy Science, 101: 9439-9450.
  • Sharma, A. & C.J.C. Phillips, 2019. Lameness in Sheltered Cows and Its Association with Cow and Shelter Attributes. Animals, 9: 360.
  • Shearer, J.K & S.R. Van Amstel, 2013. Manual of foot care in cattle. 2nd edition. W.D. Hoard and Sons Company, USA.
  • Shearer, J.K. & S.R. Van Amstel, 2017. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Sole Ulcers and White Line Disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice, 33(2): 283-300.
  • Shearer, J.K., P.J. Plummer & J.A. Schleining, 2015. Perspectives on the treatment of claw lesions in cattle. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 6: 273-292.
  • Sischo, W.M., D.A. Moore, R. Pereira, L. Warnick, D.L. Moore, J. Vanegas, S. Kurtz, K. Heaton, D. Kinder, J. Siler, & M.A. Davis, 2019. Calf care personnel on dairy farms and their educational opportunities. Journal of Dairy Science, 102: 3501-3511.
  • Sjöström, K., N. Fall, I. Blanco-Penedo, J.E. Duval, M. Krieger & U. Emanuelson, 2018. Lameness prevalence and risk factors in organic dairy herds in four European countries. Livestock Science, 208: 44-50.
  • Solano, L., H.W. Barkema & E.A. Pajor, 2015. Prevalence of lameness and associated risk factors in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows housed in freestall barns. Journal of Dairy Science, 98: 6978-6991.
  • Solano, L., H.W. Barkema, S. Mason, E.A. Pajor, S.J. LeBlanc & K. Orsel, 2016. Prevalence and distribution of foot lesions in dairy cattle in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Dairy Science, 99: 6828-6841.
  • Sood, P. & A.S. Nanda, 2006. Effect of lameness on estrous behavior in crossbred cows. Theriogenology, 66: 1375-1380.
  • Tadich, N., C. Tejeda, S. Bastias, C. Rosenfeld & L.E. Green, 2013. Nociceptive threshold, blood constituents and physiological values in 213 cows with locomotion scores ranging from normal to severely lame. The Veterinary Journal, 197: 401-405.
  • Tarlton, J.F., D.E. Holah & K.M. Evans, 2002. Biomechanical and histopathological changes in the support structures of bovine hooves around the time of first calving. The Veterinary Journal, 163: 196-204.
  • Ternman, E., L. Hanninen & M. Pastell, 2012. Sleep in dairy cows recorded with a noninvasive EEG technique. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 140: 25-32.
  • Thomsen, P.T. & J.T. Sorensen, 2012. Locomotion scores and lying behaviour are indicators of hoof lesions in dairy cows. The Veterinary Journal, 193: 644-647.
  • Thorup, V.M., B.L. Nielsen & R. Pierre-Emmanuel, 2016. Lameness affects cow feeding but not rumination behavior as characterized from sensor data. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 3: 1-11.
  • Von Keyserlingk, M., A. Barrientos & K. Ito, 2012. Benchmarking cow comfort on North American freestall dairies: Lameness, leg injuries, lying time, facility design, and management for high-producing Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95: 7399-7408.
  • Walker, S.L., R.F. Smith, D.N. Jones, J.E. Routly & H. Dobson, 2008. Chronic stress, hormone profiles and estrus intensity in dairy cattle. Hormones and Behavior, 53: 493-501.
  • Weigele, H.C., L. Gygax, A. Steiner, B. Wechsler & J.B. Burla, 2018. Moderate lameness leads to marked behavioral changes in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101: 2370-2382.
  • Westin, R.A., A. Vaughan, A.M. De Passillé, T.J. DeVries, E.A. Pajor, D. Pellerin, J.M. Siegford, A. Witaifi, E. Vasseur & J. Rushen. 2016. Cow- and farm-level risk factors for lameness on dairy farms with automated milking systems. Journal of Dairy Science, 99: 3732-3743.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Celal İzci 0000-0003-0207-4575

Fatma Çuhadar Erdal 0000-0001-5827-8046

Melek Yıldız Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0861-6876

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA İzci, C., Çuhadar Erdal, F., & Yıldız, M. (2021). Süt sığırlarında topallık: hayvan refahı ve davranışına etkisi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 58(4), 629-639. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.870888

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