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YETİŞKİNLERİN GÜNLÜK YAŞAMLARINDA MUTLULUK VE MUTSUZLUK NEDENLERİ

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 24, 161 - 183, 01.04.2015

Öz

The present study aims to focus on what adults attribute their happiness and unhappiness to in their daily lives, and whether the frequency of the cases of happiness and unhappiness does vary depending on certain periods of the day. 68 adults participated in this study. The method was experience sampling method. One experience sampling data form and one personal information form were used. The sentence-based content analysis method was used. The results revealed that causes of the happiness and unhappiness of Turkish adults seem to vary conditional on three physical contexts, and the ratio of happiness was much higher than that of unhappiness. The frequency of the cases of happiness and unhappiness varied in accordance with the periods of the day.

Kaynakça

  • Argyle, M. (1997). Is happiness a cause of health? Psychology and Health, 12, 769–781.
  • Argyle, M. (1999). Causes and correlates of happiness. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., and Schwarz, N. (Eds.), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 353-373). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence to midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 133-143.
  • Berlyne, D.E. (1960). Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Berlyne, D. E. (1963). Motivational problems raised by exploratory and epistemic behavior. In S. Koch (Eds.), Psychology: A study of a science. Vol. 5. The process areas, the person, and some applied fields: Their place in psychology and in science. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pp 284-364.
  • Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R.C., Schilling, E.A. (1989). Effects of daily stress on negative mood. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(5), 808-818.
  • Brebner, J. (1998). Happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences. 25,279-296.
  • Buss, D. M. (2000). The evolution of happiness. American Psychologist, 55, 15–23.
  • Deci, E.L., Connell, J.P., & Ryan, R.M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 580–590.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self determination theory in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science, 96, 181-185.
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13, 80 83.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2010). Developing a scale about subjective well being increases strategies for adolescents. Journal of Turkish Psychological Counseling, 33, 81–88.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2011). The relationship between adolescents’ subjective well being and positive expectations towards future. Düsünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 24 (3), 209-215.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2012). A model of subjective well-being for adolescents in high school. Journal of Happines Studies, 13(2), 275-289.
  • Fordyce, M. W. (1977). Development of a program to increase happiness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24, 511–521.
  • Fordyce, M. W. (1983). A program to increase happiness: Further studies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 483–498.
  • Fowler J.H. and Christakis N.A. (2008). Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study. British Medical Journal 337, a2338, 23-27.
  • Fu, C.M., & Parahoo, K. (2009). Causes of depression: Perceptions among people recovering from depression. Journal of Advenced Nursing, 65 (1), 101-109.
  • Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (1997). Personality and happiness. Psychological Reports, 80, 761-762. Hefferon, K.,& Boniwell, I. (2010). Positive psychology.NewYork:McGraw Hill.
  • Kramer, D. A. (2010). An unobtrusive behavioral model of gross national happiness. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 287–290.
  • Keller, M.C., Barbara L. Fredrickson, Ybarra, O., Cote, S., Johnson, K., Mikels, J., Conway, A., & Wager, T. (2005). A warm heart and a clear head. The contingent efects of weather on mood and cognition. Psychological Science, 16(9): 724{731.
  • Lacey, H.P., Smith, D.M., & Ubel, P.A. (2006). Hope l die before l get old: Mispredicting happiness across the adult lifespan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 167-182.
  • Lucas, R.E. (2008). Personality and subjective well-being. In Eid, M. and Larsen, R. J. Being (pp. 171-194). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • (Eds.), The Science of Subjective Well
  • Larsen, J.T., & McKibban, A.R. (2008). Is happiness having what you want, wanting what you have, or both? Psychological Science, 19, 371-377.
  • Lyubommirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others: the role of cognitive and motivational processes ın well-being. American Psychologist. Vol.56. No.3, 239-249.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. (1997). Hedonic consequences of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1141-1157.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., & Tucker, K. L. (1998). Implications of individual differences in subjective happiness for perceiving, interpreting, and thinking about life events. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 155-186.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Tucker, K. L., & Kasri, F. (2001). Responses to hedonically conflicting social comparisons: Comparing happy and unhappy people. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 511-535.
  • Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 7, 186-189.
  • Mauss, I.B., Savino, N.S., Anderson, C.L., Weisbuch, M., Tamir, M., & Laudenslager, M.L. (2011). The pursuit of happiness can be lonely. Emotion, 12 (5), 908-920.
  • McMahon, D.M. (2006). Happiness: A history. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
  • Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56-67.
  • Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10-19.
  • Penley,J.A., & Tomaka,J.(2002). Associations among the big-five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences. 32, 1215- 1228.
  • Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293–315
  • Sheldon, K.M., & Elliot, A.J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 482-497.
  • Sheldon, K.M., Ryan, R. and Reis, H.T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.
  • Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138-161.
  • Tkach, C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How do people pursue happiness? Relating personality,happiness increasing strategies, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 183–225.
  • Weiss, A., Bates, T.C., & Luciano, M. (2008). Happiness is a personal(ity) thing: The genetics of personality and well-being in a representative sample. Psychological Science, 19, 205-210.

WHAT DO ADULTS ATTRIBUTE THEIR HAPPINESS AND UNHAPPINESS TO IN DAILY LIFE?

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 24, 161 - 183, 01.04.2015

Öz

Bu çalışma, yetişkinlerin günlük yaşamda mutluluk ve mutsuzluk nedenlerine yönelik yüklemelerini ve de günün belirli zaman dilimlerine göre onların mutluluk durumlarının değişip değişmediğini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 28-65 yaşları arasında 31 kadın ve 37 erkek olmak üzere toplam 68 yetişkin katılmıştır. Çalışmada doğal deneyim örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, doğal deneyim örnekleme formu ve kişisel bilgi formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada veriler, cümle bazında içerik analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yetişkinlerin evde, ev dışında ve iş yerinde olmak üzere mutluluk ve mutsuzluk nedenlerinin farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, günün dilimlerine göre yetişkinlerin mutluluk ve mutsuzluk durumlarının da farklılaştığı bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Argyle, M. (1997). Is happiness a cause of health? Psychology and Health, 12, 769–781.
  • Argyle, M. (1999). Causes and correlates of happiness. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., and Schwarz, N. (Eds.), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 353-373). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence to midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 133-143.
  • Berlyne, D.E. (1960). Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Berlyne, D. E. (1963). Motivational problems raised by exploratory and epistemic behavior. In S. Koch (Eds.), Psychology: A study of a science. Vol. 5. The process areas, the person, and some applied fields: Their place in psychology and in science. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pp 284-364.
  • Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R.C., Schilling, E.A. (1989). Effects of daily stress on negative mood. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(5), 808-818.
  • Brebner, J. (1998). Happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences. 25,279-296.
  • Buss, D. M. (2000). The evolution of happiness. American Psychologist, 55, 15–23.
  • Deci, E.L., Connell, J.P., & Ryan, R.M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 580–590.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self determination theory in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science, 96, 181-185.
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13, 80 83.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2010). Developing a scale about subjective well being increases strategies for adolescents. Journal of Turkish Psychological Counseling, 33, 81–88.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2011). The relationship between adolescents’ subjective well being and positive expectations towards future. Düsünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 24 (3), 209-215.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2012). A model of subjective well-being for adolescents in high school. Journal of Happines Studies, 13(2), 275-289.
  • Fordyce, M. W. (1977). Development of a program to increase happiness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24, 511–521.
  • Fordyce, M. W. (1983). A program to increase happiness: Further studies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 483–498.
  • Fowler J.H. and Christakis N.A. (2008). Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study. British Medical Journal 337, a2338, 23-27.
  • Fu, C.M., & Parahoo, K. (2009). Causes of depression: Perceptions among people recovering from depression. Journal of Advenced Nursing, 65 (1), 101-109.
  • Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (1997). Personality and happiness. Psychological Reports, 80, 761-762. Hefferon, K.,& Boniwell, I. (2010). Positive psychology.NewYork:McGraw Hill.
  • Kramer, D. A. (2010). An unobtrusive behavioral model of gross national happiness. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 287–290.
  • Keller, M.C., Barbara L. Fredrickson, Ybarra, O., Cote, S., Johnson, K., Mikels, J., Conway, A., & Wager, T. (2005). A warm heart and a clear head. The contingent efects of weather on mood and cognition. Psychological Science, 16(9): 724{731.
  • Lacey, H.P., Smith, D.M., & Ubel, P.A. (2006). Hope l die before l get old: Mispredicting happiness across the adult lifespan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 167-182.
  • Lucas, R.E. (2008). Personality and subjective well-being. In Eid, M. and Larsen, R. J. Being (pp. 171-194). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • (Eds.), The Science of Subjective Well
  • Larsen, J.T., & McKibban, A.R. (2008). Is happiness having what you want, wanting what you have, or both? Psychological Science, 19, 371-377.
  • Lyubommirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others: the role of cognitive and motivational processes ın well-being. American Psychologist. Vol.56. No.3, 239-249.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. (1997). Hedonic consequences of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1141-1157.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., & Tucker, K. L. (1998). Implications of individual differences in subjective happiness for perceiving, interpreting, and thinking about life events. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 155-186.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Tucker, K. L., & Kasri, F. (2001). Responses to hedonically conflicting social comparisons: Comparing happy and unhappy people. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 511-535.
  • Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 7, 186-189.
  • Mauss, I.B., Savino, N.S., Anderson, C.L., Weisbuch, M., Tamir, M., & Laudenslager, M.L. (2011). The pursuit of happiness can be lonely. Emotion, 12 (5), 908-920.
  • McMahon, D.M. (2006). Happiness: A history. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
  • Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56-67.
  • Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10-19.
  • Penley,J.A., & Tomaka,J.(2002). Associations among the big-five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences. 32, 1215- 1228.
  • Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293–315
  • Sheldon, K.M., & Elliot, A.J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 482-497.
  • Sheldon, K.M., Ryan, R. and Reis, H.T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.
  • Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138-161.
  • Tkach, C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How do people pursue happiness? Relating personality,happiness increasing strategies, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 183–225.
  • Weiss, A., Bates, T.C., & Luciano, M. (2008). Happiness is a personal(ity) thing: The genetics of personality and well-being in a representative sample. Psychological Science, 19, 205-210.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Ali Eryılmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Eryılmaz, A. (2015). WHAT DO ADULTS ATTRIBUTE THEIR HAPPINESS AND UNHAPPINESS TO IN DAILY LIFE?. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(24), 161-183. https://doi.org/10.14582/DUZG