The Production The Properties and Consumption of Camelina Biodisel

Öz

Increasing energy demand due to global population growth, decreasing fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns resulted with the necessity of obtaining renewable and sustainable alternative energy sources from non-food products. Biodiesel, a renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable fuel type, can be used in diesel engines without engine modifications. But bioenergy production can compete with production of food and fodder crops in agricultural areas, which can result in increased food prices and potentially significant economic destabilization. Therefore, it has been proposed to use marginal agricultural areas for the production of bioenergy raw materials. Seeds of Camelina (False flax) (Camelina sativa), which is well adopted to marginal areas, have started to be prominent crop in recent years as a suitable source for biofuels. The high oil content (25-48%) and low production costs are important advantages of camelina. Fuel characteristics of camelina biodiesel have been shown to be suitable for ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 Standards in many respects. Motor power generation of >2000 rpm, is higher than that of mineral fuels. Camelina produces lower CO and CO₂ than biodiesel mineral fuels. EPDK authority of Turkey mandates to blend diesel fuel with at least 0.5% biodiesel by the year 2018. The annual diesel consumption in Turkey is close to 29.10⁶ m³ and it is estimated that 145.10³ m³ biodiesel is required to mix with petrodiesel.

In this review, we present a summary of internationally conducted studies on the characteristics, consumption, standards and environmental impacts of the camelina biodisel.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biodiesel,Camelina sativa,false flax,Renewable Energy,Turkey

KETENCİK BİYODİZELİNİN ELDESİ İLE ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI

Öz

Küresel nüfus artışına bağlı olarak sürekli artan enerji talebi, azalan fosil yakıt rezervleri ve çevresel kaygılar; gıda dışı ürünlerden yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir alternatif enerji kaynakları elde edilmesi zorunluluğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yenilenebilir, toksik olmayan ve biyo-bozunur bir yakıt olan biyodizel, motor modifikasyonları olmadan dizel motorlarda kullanılabilmektedir. Fakat biyoenerji hammadde bitkileri, tarımsal alanlarda gıda ve yem bitkileri ile rekabet edebilir ki bu, gıda fiyatlarının artması ve potansiyel olarak önemli ekonomik istikrarsızlaşma sonuçlarına neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, biyoenerji hammaddeleri üretimi için marjinal tarım alanlarının kullanılması önerilmiştir. Marjinal alanlara çok uygun olan ketencik (Camelina sativa) bitkisinin tohumları önemli bir biyoyakıt kaynağı olarak son yıllarda öne çıkmaya başlamıştır. Ketencik tohumlarının yüksek yağ içeriği (%25-48) ve üretim maliyetinin düşük olması önemli bir avantajdır. Ketencik biyodizelinin yakıt özellikleri ASTM D6751 ve EN 14214 standartlarına birçok açıdan uygun olduğu gösterilmiştir. Motor güç üretimi, >2000 d/d’da mineral yakıtlara göre daha yüksek seviyededir. Ketencik biyodizeli mineral yakıtlara göre daha düşük CO ve CO₂ üretmektedir. Türkiye’de EPDK motorine en az %0.5 biyodizel harmanlamasını 2018 yılı itibariyle zorunlu kılmıştır. Türkiye’de yıllık motorin tüketimi 29.10⁶ m³ olup bunun için 145.10³ m³ biyodizele ihtiyaç olduğu hesaplanmıştır.

Bu derlemede, konu araştırıcılarına, ketenciğin biyoyakıta dönüştürülmesi, elde edilen yakıtın özellikleri, kullanım alanları, standartları ve çevresel etkisi konusunda uluslararası alanda yapılmış çalışmaların bir özeti sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyodizel,Camelina sativa,ketencik,Yenilenebilir Enerji,Türkiye

Kaynakça

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