The Production The Properties and Consumption of Camelina Biodisel

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 367, 36 - 53, 26.09.2019

Mehmet Emin Bilgili Uğur Sevilmiş Seyithan Seydoşoğlu Şerif Kahraman Deniz Sevilmiş

https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.572710

Cited By: 3

Öz

Increasing energy demand due to global
population growth, decreasing fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns
resulted with the necessity of obtaining renewable and sustainable alternative
energy sources from non-food products. Biodiesel, a renewable, non-toxic and
biodegradable fuel type, can be used in diesel engines without engine
modifications. But bioenergy production can compete with production of food and
fodder crops in agricultural areas, which can result in increased food prices
and potentially significant economic destabilization. Therefore, it has been
proposed to use marginal agricultural areas for the production of bioenergy raw
materials. Seeds of Camelina (False flax) (Camelina sativa), which is well
adopted to marginal areas, have started to be prominent crop in recent years as
a suitable source for biofuels. The high oil content (25-48%) and low
production costs are important advantages of camelina. Fuel characteristics of camelina
biodiesel have been shown to be suitable for ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 Standards
in many respects. Motor power generation of >2000 rpm, is higher than that of
mineral fuels. Camelina produces lower CO and CO₂ than biodiesel
mineral fuels. EPDK authority of Turkey mandates to blend diesel fuel with at
least 0.5% biodiesel by the year 2018. The annual diesel consumption in Turkey
is close to 29.10⁶ m³ and it is estimated that 145.10³
m³ biodiesel is required to mix with petrodiesel.

In this review, we present a summary
of internationally conducted studies on the characteristics, consumption,
standards and environmental impacts of the camelina biodisel.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodiesel, Camelina sativa, false flax, Renewable Energy, Turkey

KETENCİK BİYODİZELİNİN ELDESİ İLE ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI

Öz

Küresel nüfus artışına bağlı olarak sürekli
artan enerji talebi, azalan fosil yakıt rezervleri ve çevresel kaygılar; gıda
dışı ürünlerden yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir alternatif enerji kaynakları
elde edilmesi zorunluluğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yenilenebilir, toksik olmayan ve
biyo-bozunur bir yakıt olan biyodizel, motor modifikasyonları olmadan dizel
motorlarda kullanılabilmektedir. Fakat biyoenerji hammadde bitkileri, tarımsal
alanlarda gıda ve yem bitkileri ile rekabet edebilir ki bu, gıda fiyatlarının
artması ve potansiyel olarak önemli ekonomik istikrarsızlaşma sonuçlarına neden
olabilir. Bu nedenle, biyoenerji hammaddeleri üretimi için marjinal tarım alanlarının
kullanılması önerilmiştir. Marjinal alanlara çok uygun olan ketencik (Camelina sativa) bitkisinin tohumları
önemli bir biyoyakıt kaynağı olarak son yıllarda öne çıkmaya başlamıştır.
Ketencik tohumlarının yüksek yağ içeriği (%25-48) ve üretim maliyetinin düşük
olması önemli bir avantajdır. Ketencik biyodizelinin yakıt özellikleri ASTM
D6751 ve EN 14214 standartlarına birçok açıdan uygun olduğu gösterilmiştir. Motor
güç üretimi, >2000 d/d’da mineral yakıtlara göre daha yüksek seviyededir. Ketencik
biyodizeli mineral yakıtlara göre daha düşük CO ve CO₂ üretmektedir.
Türkiye’de EPDK motorine en az %0.5 biyodizel harmanlamasını 2018 yılı
itibariyle zorunlu kılmıştır. Türkiye’de yıllık motorin tüketimi 29.10⁶
m³ olup bunun için 145.10³ m³ biyodizele
ihtiyaç olduğu hesaplanmıştır.

Bu derlemede, konu araştırıcılarına,
ketenciğin biyoyakıta dönüştürülmesi, elde edilen yakıtın özellikleri, kullanım
alanları, standartları ve çevresel etkisi konusunda uluslararası alanda
yapılmış çalışmaların bir özeti sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyodizel, Camelina sativa, ketencik, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Türkiye

Kaynakça

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