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Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains during Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality

Year 2011, Volume: 9 Issue: 6, 6 - 12, 01.12.2011

Abstract

Phytase activity PA in germinated wheat, barley and corn grains and the effect of germinated grain flour addition rate of 1% and 3% on bread quality were determined. Five-day germination resulted in maximum phytase activity MPA in wheat 0.226 U/mg and barley 0.263 U/mg grains, whereas the lowest in corn kernels 0.108 U/mg . 1% and 3% addition of germinated-wheat flour with MPA 5 day germinated to dough yielded PA of 0.038 U/mg and 0.106 U/mg, respectively. It was observed that 1% and 3% addition of germinated-wheat flour to dough increased PA at the end of fermentation period, which is the final step in bread making, to 0.218 and 0.315 U/mg, respectively. 3% addition of 5-day germinated-wheat flour into the bread dough significantly influenced the fermentation period, bread hardness and color properties of bread crumb. In conclusion, bread quality can be improved by the addition of 3% 5day germinated-wheat flour to bread dough without any sacrifice from the organoleptic quality of bread

References

  • Rutgersson, A., Bergman, E.L., Lingnert, H. and Sandberg, A.S. 1997. Optimization of temperature, time, and lactic acid concentration to inactivate lipoxygenase and preserve phytase activity in barley (cv.blenheim) during soaking. Cereal Chem. 74(6): 727-732.
  • Harland, B.F and Frolich, W. 1989. effects of phytase from three yeasts on phytate reduction in norwegian whole wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 66 (4): 357-358.
  • Sung, H.G., Shin, H.T., Ha, J.K., Lai, H.L., Cheng, K.J. and Lee, H.J. 2005. Effect of germination temperature production from barley. Bioresource Tech. 96: 1297- 1303. of phytase
  • Özkaya, B. 2000. Tahıldaki fitik asit miktarına prosesin etkisi. Unlu Mamuller Tek.7(3): 43-45.
  • Kikunaga, S., Y. Katoh and Takahashi, M. 1991. Biochemical changes in phosphorus compounds and in the activity of phytase and α-amylase in the rice (Oryza sativa) grain during germination. J. Sci. Food Agric. 56: 335-343.
  • Tijskens, L.M.M., Greiner, R., Biekman, E.S.A. and Konietzny, U. 2001. Modeling the effect of temparetature and pH on activity of enzymes: the case of phytases. Biotech. Bioeng. 72(3): 323-330
  • Greiner, R., U. Konietzny and K.D. Jany. 1997. Purification and properties of a phytase from rye. J. Food Biochem. 22: 143-161.
  • Greiner, R and Alminger, M.L.1999. Purification and characterization of a phytate-degrading enzyme from germinated oat (Avena sativa). J. Sci. Food Agric. 79:1453-1460.
  • Konientzy, U., Greiner, R. and Jony, K.D. 1995. Purification and characterization of a phytase from spelt. J. Food Biochem. 18:165-183.
  • Elgün, A., Ertugay, Z. and Seçkin, R. 1985. Farklı özelliklerde elde edilen malt unu katkılarının ekmeğin kalitatif ve anatomik özellikleri etkisi üzerine araştırmalar. Doğa Dergisi. 10: 70.
  • Elgün, A., Certel, M., Ertugay, Z., and Katancılar, H. G. 1998. Tahıl ürünlerinde analitik kalite kontrolü ve laboratuar uygulama kılavuzu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 867, Erzurum.
  • Anonymous.1972. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • Özkaya, H and Özkaya, B.. 1992. Ekmek katkı maddeleri, önemi, kullanımındaki sorunlar, Gıda Mevzuatımızda Aksayan Hususlar ve Çözüm Yolları Sempozyumu (Symposium on problems and solutions for Turkish Food Codex), 2-3 Haziran. Tekirdağ. p.108-117.
  • Aurand, L.W., Woods, A.E. and Well, M.R. 1987. Food Composition and Analysis. Avi Book, New York.
  • Yıldız, N and Bircan, H. 1991. Araştırma ve deneme metodları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak., No: 305, Erzurum.
  • Greiner, R., Jony, K.D. and Alminger, M.L. 2000. Identification and properties of myo-hositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases (phytases) from barley (Hardeum vulpare). J. Cereal Sci. 31:127-139.
  • Chang, C.W. 1967. Study of phytase and fluoride effects in germinating corn grains. Cereal Chem. 44:129.
  • Tangkongchitr, U., Seib, A.P. and Hosene, C.R. 1981. Phytic acid II: Its fate during breadmaking. Cereal Chem. 58(3): 229-234.
  • Turk, M., Carlsson, N.G. and Sandberg, A.S. 1996. Reduction in the levels of phytate during wholemeal breadmaking; effect of yeast and wheat phytases. J. Cereal Sci. 23: 257-264.
  • Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal.Biochem.72: 248-254.

Çimlendirme Sırasında Buğday, Arpa ve Mısır Tanelerinde Fitaz Aktivitesi ve Çimlendirilmiş Tahıl Unu Kullanımının Ekmek Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2011, Volume: 9 Issue: 6, 6 - 12, 01.12.2011

Abstract

Çimlendirilen buğday, arpa ve mısırda bulunan fitaz aktivitesi ve çimlenen tanelerden elde edilen unların %1 ve %3 oranlarında kullanılmasının ekmek kalitesine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Maksimum fitaz aktivitesi 5 gün çimlendirme sonucunda buğdayda 0.226 U/mg ve arpada ise 0.263 U/mg’dır. En düşük fitaz aktivitesi mısırda 0.108 U/mg’dır. Maksimum fitaz aktivitesine sahip çimlendirilmiş 5 gün buğday ununun %1 ve %3 oranlarında ilave edilmesi ile üretilen hamurun fitaz aktiviteleri sırasıyla 0.038 U/mg ve 0.106 U/mg’dır. %1 ve %3 çimlenmiş buğday unu katkılı hamurların ekmek üretiminde son aşama olan son fermantasyon basamağındaki fitaz aktivitelerinin sırasıyla 0.218 U/mg ve 0.315 U/mg’a arttığı görülmüştür. 5 gün çimlendirilen buğday unu ekmek hamuruna %3 oranında eklendiğinde ekmek sertliği ve ekmek içi rengi önemli düzeyde etkilenmiştir. Sonuç olarak çimlenmenin beşinci gününde maksimum fitaz aktivitesi gösteren buğdaydan elde edilen ununun %3 oranında ekmek hamuruna eklenmesi ekmeğin organoleptik kalitesini bozmaksızın ekmeğin kalite kriterlerinden bazılarını arttırabilmektedir

References

  • Rutgersson, A., Bergman, E.L., Lingnert, H. and Sandberg, A.S. 1997. Optimization of temperature, time, and lactic acid concentration to inactivate lipoxygenase and preserve phytase activity in barley (cv.blenheim) during soaking. Cereal Chem. 74(6): 727-732.
  • Harland, B.F and Frolich, W. 1989. effects of phytase from three yeasts on phytate reduction in norwegian whole wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 66 (4): 357-358.
  • Sung, H.G., Shin, H.T., Ha, J.K., Lai, H.L., Cheng, K.J. and Lee, H.J. 2005. Effect of germination temperature production from barley. Bioresource Tech. 96: 1297- 1303. of phytase
  • Özkaya, B. 2000. Tahıldaki fitik asit miktarına prosesin etkisi. Unlu Mamuller Tek.7(3): 43-45.
  • Kikunaga, S., Y. Katoh and Takahashi, M. 1991. Biochemical changes in phosphorus compounds and in the activity of phytase and α-amylase in the rice (Oryza sativa) grain during germination. J. Sci. Food Agric. 56: 335-343.
  • Tijskens, L.M.M., Greiner, R., Biekman, E.S.A. and Konietzny, U. 2001. Modeling the effect of temparetature and pH on activity of enzymes: the case of phytases. Biotech. Bioeng. 72(3): 323-330
  • Greiner, R., U. Konietzny and K.D. Jany. 1997. Purification and properties of a phytase from rye. J. Food Biochem. 22: 143-161.
  • Greiner, R and Alminger, M.L.1999. Purification and characterization of a phytate-degrading enzyme from germinated oat (Avena sativa). J. Sci. Food Agric. 79:1453-1460.
  • Konientzy, U., Greiner, R. and Jony, K.D. 1995. Purification and characterization of a phytase from spelt. J. Food Biochem. 18:165-183.
  • Elgün, A., Ertugay, Z. and Seçkin, R. 1985. Farklı özelliklerde elde edilen malt unu katkılarının ekmeğin kalitatif ve anatomik özellikleri etkisi üzerine araştırmalar. Doğa Dergisi. 10: 70.
  • Elgün, A., Certel, M., Ertugay, Z., and Katancılar, H. G. 1998. Tahıl ürünlerinde analitik kalite kontrolü ve laboratuar uygulama kılavuzu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 867, Erzurum.
  • Anonymous.1972. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • Özkaya, H and Özkaya, B.. 1992. Ekmek katkı maddeleri, önemi, kullanımındaki sorunlar, Gıda Mevzuatımızda Aksayan Hususlar ve Çözüm Yolları Sempozyumu (Symposium on problems and solutions for Turkish Food Codex), 2-3 Haziran. Tekirdağ. p.108-117.
  • Aurand, L.W., Woods, A.E. and Well, M.R. 1987. Food Composition and Analysis. Avi Book, New York.
  • Yıldız, N and Bircan, H. 1991. Araştırma ve deneme metodları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak., No: 305, Erzurum.
  • Greiner, R., Jony, K.D. and Alminger, M.L. 2000. Identification and properties of myo-hositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases (phytases) from barley (Hardeum vulpare). J. Cereal Sci. 31:127-139.
  • Chang, C.W. 1967. Study of phytase and fluoride effects in germinating corn grains. Cereal Chem. 44:129.
  • Tangkongchitr, U., Seib, A.P. and Hosene, C.R. 1981. Phytic acid II: Its fate during breadmaking. Cereal Chem. 58(3): 229-234.
  • Turk, M., Carlsson, N.G. and Sandberg, A.S. 1996. Reduction in the levels of phytate during wholemeal breadmaking; effect of yeast and wheat phytases. J. Cereal Sci. 23: 257-264.
  • Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal.Biochem.72: 248-254.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özlem Üstün This is me

İlyas Çelik This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 9 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Üstün, Ö., & Çelik, İ. (2011). Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains during Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality. Akademik Gıda, 9(6), 6-12.
AMA Üstün Ö, Çelik İ. Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains during Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality. Akademik Gıda. December 2011;9(6):6-12.
Chicago Üstün, Özlem, and İlyas Çelik. “Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains During Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality”. Akademik Gıda 9, no. 6 (December 2011): 6-12.
EndNote Üstün Ö, Çelik İ (December 1, 2011) Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains during Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality. Akademik Gıda 9 6 6–12.
IEEE Ö. Üstün and İ. Çelik, “Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains during Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality”, Akademik Gıda, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 6–12, 2011.
ISNAD Üstün, Özlem - Çelik, İlyas. “Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains During Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality”. Akademik Gıda 9/6 (December 2011), 6-12.
JAMA Üstün Ö, Çelik İ. Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains during Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality. Akademik Gıda. 2011;9:6–12.
MLA Üstün, Özlem and İlyas Çelik. “Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains During Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality”. Akademik Gıda, vol. 9, no. 6, 2011, pp. 6-12.
Vancouver Üstün Ö, Çelik İ. Phytase Activity of Wheat, Barley and Corn Grains during Germination and Effect of Germinated Grain Flour Addition on Bread Quality. Akademik Gıda. 2011;9(6):6-12.

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