Alanya’da Çevresel Baskılar: Turizm, Tarım, Göç ve İklim Değişikliğinin Kesişiminde Büyüyen Sorunlar

Abstract

Alanya, turizm, tarım ve hızlı nüfus artışı gibi dinamiklerin kesiştiği bir kıyı kenti olarak son yıllarda artan çevresel ve iklimsel baskılarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışmada Alanya’nın kıyı erozyonu, arazi kullanım değişimi, su kaynakları üzerindeki baskılar, taşkın riski, deniz suyu kalitesi ve ekosistem tahribatı gibi temel çevresel sorunları incelenmiş; bu bileşenler, uluslararası kırılganlık değerlendirme yaklaşımlarında yer alan maruziyet, duyarlılık ve uyum kapasitesi çerçevesinde nitel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, turizm ve kentleşme baskısı ile iklim değişikliği etkilerinin su kaynakları, kıyı ekosistemleri ve arazi kullanımı üzerinde yüksek–çok yüksek düzeyde risk oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. 1979–2024 döneminde yıllık ortalama sıcaklığın yaklaşık +2 °C artması ve yıllık ortalama yağışın %25 azalması, su stresi ve taşkın riskinin gelecekte daha kritik hâle geleceğine işaret etmektedir. Göç kaynaklı nüfus artışı ve tarımsal yoğunlaşma da kentsel altyapı, su temini ve doğal habitatlar üzerinde ek baskı yaratmaktadır. Çalışma, mevcut veri sınırlılıkları nedeniyle sayısal bir kırılganlık indeksi üretmemekle birlikte, Alanya’nın çevresel kırılganlığının yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve ekosistem temelli, bilimsel izleme altyapısına dayalı yönetim stratejilerinin aciliyetini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Alanya
• çevresel baskılar
• iklim değişikliği
• kırılganlık analizi
• kıyı ekosistemleri
• su kaynakları

Environmental Pressures in Alanya: Emerging Challenges at the Intersection of Tourism, Agriculture, Migration and Climate Change

Abstract

Alanya is a coastal city where tourism, agriculture and rapid demographic change converge, creating increasing environmental and climate-related pressures in recent decades. This study examines key environmental issues in Alanya—coastal erosion, land-use change, pressure on water resources, flood risk, seawater quality degradation and ecosystem disturbance—and evaluates them qualitatively within the internationally recognized vulnerability framework of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The findings indicate that tourism- and urban-driven pressures, combined with the impacts of climate change, create high to very high levels of risk particularly for water resources, coastal ecosystems and land-use patterns. Long-term climate records show an increase of approximately +2 °C in annual temperature and a 25% decrease in precipitation between 1979 and 2024, suggesting rising water stress and heightened flood risk for the coming decades. Population growth driven by migration and expanding agricultural production further intensify pressures on natural habitats, urban infrastructure and water demand. Although the study does not present a quantitative vulnerability index due to data limitations, it demonstrates that Alanya exhibits high environmental vulnerability and underscores the urgency of ecosystem-based management strategies supported by robust and continuous environmental monitoring.

Keywords

• Alanya
• environmental pressures
• climate change
• vulnerability assessment
• coastal ecosystems

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