Research Article

Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction

Volume: 9 Number: 1 August 18, 2026
EN TR

Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction

Abstract

This survey research aims to uncover primary school teachers’ competence and their perceived teaching effectiveness in physical education and play instruction. The sample was conveniently selected and included 430 voluntary teachers employed in public schools in Ankara. We collected the data using a demographic information form, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Primary School Teachers in Teaching Physical Education, and the Teacher Effectiveness Self-Assessment Scale in Physical Education. The findings indicated participants’ competence in physical education and play instruction did not differ significantly by age, educational background, or grade level taught. In contrast, school physical infrastructure was found to significantly affect teacher competence and effectiveness. While theory-based teacher training programs were likely to limit teachers’ practical teaching skills, those planning and implementing structured, consistent lessons tended to report higher levels of effectiveness. In addition, it was found that active participation in physical education classes and sports activities during high school had no significant effect on teachers’ competence and effectiveness. It is observed that the competence and self-efficacy levels of classroom teachers differ significantly according to their competitive sports experience. Teaching effectiveness increased with higher levels of teacher competence. Teachers generally perceived themselves as competent and moderately to highly effective. Overall, enhancing teacher competence, practical experience, and school physical conditions may improve instructional effectiveness in physical education and play classes. However, the reliance on self-assessment measures represents a key limitation of the study.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee Permission Information Ethics review board: The Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Gazi University Date of ethical approval document: January 31, 2025 Issue number of the ethical approval document: E-1156788.

References

  1. Ahmed, A. T., & Shogbesan, Y. O. (2023). Exploring pedagogical content knowledge of teachers: A paradigm for measuring teacher’s effectiveness. Pedagogi. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 23(1), 64-73.
  2. Akpolat, A., Akpolat, D., Özcan, İ., Can, M. S., & Akgeyik, M. (2022). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin beden eğitimi ve oyun dersi yeterlilik durumlarının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi Spor Sağlık ve Efor Dergisi, 1(2), 96–105.
  3. Aldemir Tutan, E. (2024). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin beden eğitimi ve oyun dersinde karşılaştıkları sorunlar, mesleki yeterlilikleri ve fiziki etkinlik kartlarının uygulamadaki etkinliğine dair öğretmen görüşleri. Yüksek lisans tezi, Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi, Mardin.
  4. Anyanwu, O. M., & Odunlami, A. A. (2018). Physical school facilities as correlates of teacher effectiveness in public secondary schools in Osun State. Journal of Education and Practice, 15(3), 45–58.
  5. Aydın, F. D. (2011). Beden eğitimi derslerinin fonksiyonları ve okullardaki konumu hakkında sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri. Yüksek lisans tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale.
  6. Balabal, H., Jr., & Canuto, P. P. (2026). Examining the teaching competencies of public elementary school teachers: Extent and differences across profiles. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 15(1), 183-210. https://doi.org/10.32674/ha66b450
  7. Balcı, A. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma. Pegem Akademi.
  8. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Physical Training and Sports

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 18, 2026

Submission Date

June 6, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 3, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Akköse, H. N., & Çolakoğlu, F. F. (2026). Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 9(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1965170
AMA
1.Akköse HN, Çolakoğlu FF. Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction. MJSS. 2026;9(1):1-20. doi:10.38021/asbid.1965170
Chicago
Akköse, Hande Nur, and Fatma Filiz Çolakoğlu. 2026. “Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction”. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science 9 (1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1965170.
EndNote
Akköse HN, Çolakoğlu FF (August 1, 2026) Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science 9 1 1–20.
IEEE
[1]H. N. Akköse and F. F. Çolakoğlu, “Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction”, MJSS, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–20, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.38021/asbid.1965170.
ISNAD
Akköse, Hande Nur - Çolakoğlu, Fatma Filiz. “Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction”. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science 9/1 (August 1, 2026): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1965170.
JAMA
1.Akköse HN, Çolakoğlu FF. Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction. MJSS. 2026;9:1–20.
MLA
Akköse, Hande Nur, and Fatma Filiz Çolakoğlu. “Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction”. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, vol. 9, no. 1, Aug. 2026, pp. 1-20, doi:10.38021/asbid.1965170.
Vancouver
1.Hande Nur Akköse, Fatma Filiz Çolakoğlu. Examining Primary School Teachers’ Competence And Perceived Effectiveness In Physical Education And Play Instruction. MJSS. 2026 Aug. 1;9(1):1-20. doi:10.38021/asbid.1965170

27208

Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY-NC 4.0 .

2624526366