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Bisiklet Turizmi Motivasyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 19 - 32, 03.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4574580

Abstract

Bisiklet turizmi ana turizm pazarları içerisinde yer almayan ancak son yıllarda turistlerin ilgi duyduğu ve büyümekte olan yeni turizm trendlerinden biridir. Bu açıdan turizm destinasyonları için farklı turist grupları çekebilmek için önemli bir fırsat oluşturmaktadır. Bu yeni turizm pazarının istek ve ihtiyaçlarının anlaşılması çok önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı bisiklet turistlerinin seyahat motivasyonlarının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın bisiklet turistlerinin motivasyon unsurlarını belirlemek ve bu unsurlara göre turizm stratejileri belirlenmesine yardımcı olması açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırma verileri Çanakkale’de 2018 yılında 24-25 Mart tarihleri arasında düzenlenen Bisiklet Turu Festivali’ne katılan şehir Çanakkale dışından gelen Türk turistlerden elde edilmiştir. Anket tekniği ile 369 katılımcıdan araştırma verileri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda bisiklet turizmi motivasyonları beş boyutta ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu boyutlar sırasıyla doğayı keşfetme ve rahatlama; yetkinlik-ustalık; yeni deneyim ve bilgi; saygınlık kazanma ve sosyalleşme olarak adlandırılmıştır. İkinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapıldığında bisiklet turizmi motivasyonunda en etkili olan boyutlar yetkinlik –ustalık, yeni deneyim-bilgi ve sosyalleşme boyutları olmuştur. Turistlerin en yüksek düzeyde katılım gösterdikleri boyut doğayı keşfetme ve rahatlama boyutu olurken, saygınlık kazana boyutuna en düşük düzeyde katılım göstermişlerdir.

References

  • Adventure Cycling Association (ACA), (2021). https://www.adventurecycling.org/ ( 15.01.2021)
  • Akoğlan Kozak, M., & Bahçe, A. S. (2009). Özel ilgi turizmi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Albayrak, A. (2013). Alternatif Turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Ardahan, F. & Mert, M. (2014). Bireyleri bisiklet kullanmaya motive eden faktörler ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve Türk popülasyonu için güvenirlilik geçerlilik çalışması. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 409-427.
  • Aşan, K. & Akoğlan Kozak, M. (2015). Postmodern turist deneyimi ve bisiklet turizmi. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 6 (21), 265-288.
  • Awang, Z. H. (2012). A Handbook on SEM: Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). Kualalumpur: Centre For Graduate Studies, University Teknologi MARA Kelantan. Çelik Uğuz, S. & Özbek, V. (2018). Destinasyon sadakatini etkileyen faktörler: bisiklet turizmi ve Burhaniye bisiklet festivali örneği. International Review of Economics and Management, 6(2), 84-102.
  • Douglas, N., Douglas, N., & Derrett, R. (2001). Special interest tourism. Wiley: Pennsylvania Devlet Üniversitesi.
  • Faulks, P. (2010). Motivations and serious leisure careers of bicycle tourists participating in big rides (Doctoral thesis). Australia: University of Canberra.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B. & Fluker, M. (2007). Cycle Tourism in Australia: An Investigation into its Size and Scope. Gold Coast: Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B., & Dodd, J. (2008, December). Bicycle tourism as an opportunity for re-creation and restoration? Investigating the motivations of bike ride participants. Paper presented at the New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Hanmer Springs, New Zealand.
  • Fialho, A. R., & Eusébio, C. (2017). Motivations and travel behavior of cycling tourists: a youth market analysis. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento (RT&D), 27 (28), 2073-2084.
  • Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. Gibson, H., & Chang, S. (2012). Cycling in mid and later life: Involvement and benefits sought from a bicycle tour. Journal of Leisure Research, 44 (1), 23-51.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. ve Black, W. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: a global perspective (7th ed.). UpperSaddleRiver, NJ: PearsonPrentice-Hall.
  • Hamilton, T. L., & Wichman, C. J. (2018). Bicycle infrastructure and traffic congestion: Evidence from DC’s capital Bikeshare. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 87, 72–93.
  • Han, H., Meng, B. & Kim, W. (2017). Emerging bicycle tourism and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(2), 292-309.
  • Ho, C-l., Liao, T-Y., Huang, S-C., & Chen, H-M. (2015). Beyond environmental concerns: using means–end chains to explore the personal psychological values and motivations of leisure/recreational cyclists. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23 (2), 234-254.
  • Çanakkale İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü (2020, 20 Eylül) Erişim adresi: https://canakkale.ktb.gov.tr/TR-210862/2018-troya-yili.html
  • Çanakkale TV (2020, 16 Eylül), Bisiklet Turu Festivali haberi, Erişim adresi: https://www.canakkaletv.com.tr/turkiye-nin-en-buyuk-bisiklet-festivali-kale-canakkale-bisiklet-festivali-yapildi/7768/
  • Kaplan, S., Manca, F., Nielsen, T. & Prato, C. (2015). Intentions to use bike-sharing for holiday cycling: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Tourism Management, 47, 34-46.
  • Kruja, D., & Gjyrezi, A. (2011). The special ınterest tourism development and the small regions. International Scientific Journal , 77-89.
  • Lamont, M. (2009). Independent bicycle tourism in Australia: a whole tourism systems analysis (Doctoral thesis). Lismore, NSW: Southern Cross.
  • Lee, C.-F. & Huang, H.-I. (2014). The attractiveness of Taiwan as a bicycle tourism destination: a supply-side approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(3), 273-299.
  • Lumsdon, L. (1996). Cycle tourism in Britain. Insights Press, 27-32.
  • Nickerson, N. P., Jorgenson, J. D., Berry, M., Kwenye, J., Kozel, D. & Schutz. A. (2014). Bicycle tourism: providing economic development opportunities for Montana. Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications, 3-7.
  • Payne, K. & Dror, M. (2015). Multi-day bicycle tour route generation. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 11(2), 85-96.
  • Piket, P., Eijgelaar, E. & Peeters, P. (2013). European cycle tourism: a tool for sustainable regional rural development. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 7 (2-3), 1-5.
  • Pratte, J. (2006). Bicycle tourism: on the trail to economic development. ( Ed.) B. Hallman, J. Gardiner ve D. Blair, Prairie Perspectives: Geographical Essays. Canada: University of Winnipeg Printing Services.
  • Ritchie, B. W., Tkaczynski, A., & Faulks, P. (2010). Understanding the motivation and travel behavior of cycle tourists using involvement profiles. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27 (4), 409-425.
  • Ritchie, B., Tkaczynski, A. & Faulks, P. (2010). Understanding the motivation and travel behavior of cycle tourists using ınvolvement profiles. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(4), 409-425.
  • Sağlam, M. C. (2020). Bisiklet etkinliği katılımcılarının motivasyonları ve ilgilenimleri: izmir ili üzerine bir çalışma (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Tabachnick, B. ve Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. Ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  • Tanrısevdi, A., & Çavuş, Ş. (2003). Özel ilgi turizmi ve özel ilgi turizmi kapsamında kuşadası ve çevresinde var olan potansiyel kaynaklar. Anatolia;Turizm Araştırma Dergisi , 9-22.
  • Trauer, B. (2006). Conceptualizing special interest toruism framrworks for analysis. Tourism Management , 187.
  • Zhou, B., Liu, T., Ryan, C., Wang, L. E., & Zhang, D. (2020). The satisfaction of tourists using bicycle sharing: a structural equation model-the case of Hangzhou, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28 (7), 1063-1082.

Determining the Bicycle Tourism Motivations

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 19 - 32, 03.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4574580

Abstract

Bicycle tourism is one of the new tourism trends that is not included in the main tourism markets, but has been growing and attracting tourists in recent years. In this respect, it provides an important opportunity to attract different tourist groups for tourism destinations. Understanding the demands and needs of this new tourism market is essential. The aim of this research is to determine the travel motivation of bicycle tourists. The research is thought to be important in determining the motivation factors of bicycle tourists and helping to determine tourism strategies according to these factors. Research data were obtained from Turkish tourists coming from outside the Canakkale city, who participated in the Bicycle Tour Festival held in Çanakkale between 24-25 March in 2018. Research data were obtained from 369 participants by using the survey technique. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the data obtained from the participants. As a result of the research, cycling tourism motivations determined in five dimensions. These dimensions are named as discovering / relaxing nature; competence / mastery; new experience / knowledge and gaining dignity / socializing. When the second-level confirmatory factor analysis was done, the most effective dimensions in bicycle tourism motivation were competence / mastery, new experience / knowledge and socialization. The dimension in which the tourists participated at the highest level was the dimension of discovering nature and relaxation. The lowest level of participation was the dimension of gaining prestige.

References

  • Adventure Cycling Association (ACA), (2021). https://www.adventurecycling.org/ ( 15.01.2021)
  • Akoğlan Kozak, M., & Bahçe, A. S. (2009). Özel ilgi turizmi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Albayrak, A. (2013). Alternatif Turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Ardahan, F. & Mert, M. (2014). Bireyleri bisiklet kullanmaya motive eden faktörler ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve Türk popülasyonu için güvenirlilik geçerlilik çalışması. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 409-427.
  • Aşan, K. & Akoğlan Kozak, M. (2015). Postmodern turist deneyimi ve bisiklet turizmi. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 6 (21), 265-288.
  • Awang, Z. H. (2012). A Handbook on SEM: Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). Kualalumpur: Centre For Graduate Studies, University Teknologi MARA Kelantan. Çelik Uğuz, S. & Özbek, V. (2018). Destinasyon sadakatini etkileyen faktörler: bisiklet turizmi ve Burhaniye bisiklet festivali örneği. International Review of Economics and Management, 6(2), 84-102.
  • Douglas, N., Douglas, N., & Derrett, R. (2001). Special interest tourism. Wiley: Pennsylvania Devlet Üniversitesi.
  • Faulks, P. (2010). Motivations and serious leisure careers of bicycle tourists participating in big rides (Doctoral thesis). Australia: University of Canberra.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B. & Fluker, M. (2007). Cycle Tourism in Australia: An Investigation into its Size and Scope. Gold Coast: Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B., & Dodd, J. (2008, December). Bicycle tourism as an opportunity for re-creation and restoration? Investigating the motivations of bike ride participants. Paper presented at the New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Hanmer Springs, New Zealand.
  • Fialho, A. R., & Eusébio, C. (2017). Motivations and travel behavior of cycling tourists: a youth market analysis. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento (RT&D), 27 (28), 2073-2084.
  • Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. Gibson, H., & Chang, S. (2012). Cycling in mid and later life: Involvement and benefits sought from a bicycle tour. Journal of Leisure Research, 44 (1), 23-51.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. ve Black, W. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: a global perspective (7th ed.). UpperSaddleRiver, NJ: PearsonPrentice-Hall.
  • Hamilton, T. L., & Wichman, C. J. (2018). Bicycle infrastructure and traffic congestion: Evidence from DC’s capital Bikeshare. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 87, 72–93.
  • Han, H., Meng, B. & Kim, W. (2017). Emerging bicycle tourism and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(2), 292-309.
  • Ho, C-l., Liao, T-Y., Huang, S-C., & Chen, H-M. (2015). Beyond environmental concerns: using means–end chains to explore the personal psychological values and motivations of leisure/recreational cyclists. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23 (2), 234-254.
  • Çanakkale İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü (2020, 20 Eylül) Erişim adresi: https://canakkale.ktb.gov.tr/TR-210862/2018-troya-yili.html
  • Çanakkale TV (2020, 16 Eylül), Bisiklet Turu Festivali haberi, Erişim adresi: https://www.canakkaletv.com.tr/turkiye-nin-en-buyuk-bisiklet-festivali-kale-canakkale-bisiklet-festivali-yapildi/7768/
  • Kaplan, S., Manca, F., Nielsen, T. & Prato, C. (2015). Intentions to use bike-sharing for holiday cycling: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Tourism Management, 47, 34-46.
  • Kruja, D., & Gjyrezi, A. (2011). The special ınterest tourism development and the small regions. International Scientific Journal , 77-89.
  • Lamont, M. (2009). Independent bicycle tourism in Australia: a whole tourism systems analysis (Doctoral thesis). Lismore, NSW: Southern Cross.
  • Lee, C.-F. & Huang, H.-I. (2014). The attractiveness of Taiwan as a bicycle tourism destination: a supply-side approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(3), 273-299.
  • Lumsdon, L. (1996). Cycle tourism in Britain. Insights Press, 27-32.
  • Nickerson, N. P., Jorgenson, J. D., Berry, M., Kwenye, J., Kozel, D. & Schutz. A. (2014). Bicycle tourism: providing economic development opportunities for Montana. Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications, 3-7.
  • Payne, K. & Dror, M. (2015). Multi-day bicycle tour route generation. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 11(2), 85-96.
  • Piket, P., Eijgelaar, E. & Peeters, P. (2013). European cycle tourism: a tool for sustainable regional rural development. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 7 (2-3), 1-5.
  • Pratte, J. (2006). Bicycle tourism: on the trail to economic development. ( Ed.) B. Hallman, J. Gardiner ve D. Blair, Prairie Perspectives: Geographical Essays. Canada: University of Winnipeg Printing Services.
  • Ritchie, B. W., Tkaczynski, A., & Faulks, P. (2010). Understanding the motivation and travel behavior of cycle tourists using involvement profiles. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27 (4), 409-425.
  • Ritchie, B., Tkaczynski, A. & Faulks, P. (2010). Understanding the motivation and travel behavior of cycle tourists using ınvolvement profiles. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(4), 409-425.
  • Sağlam, M. C. (2020). Bisiklet etkinliği katılımcılarının motivasyonları ve ilgilenimleri: izmir ili üzerine bir çalışma (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Tabachnick, B. ve Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. Ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  • Tanrısevdi, A., & Çavuş, Ş. (2003). Özel ilgi turizmi ve özel ilgi turizmi kapsamında kuşadası ve çevresinde var olan potansiyel kaynaklar. Anatolia;Turizm Araştırma Dergisi , 9-22.
  • Trauer, B. (2006). Conceptualizing special interest toruism framrworks for analysis. Tourism Management , 187.
  • Zhou, B., Liu, T., Ryan, C., Wang, L. E., & Zhang, D. (2020). The satisfaction of tourists using bicycle sharing: a structural equation model-the case of Hangzhou, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28 (7), 1063-1082.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serkan Türkmen 0000-0002-0921-6102

Sinan Gökdemir 0000-0002-9360-086X

Publication Date March 3, 2021
Submission Date February 22, 2021
Acceptance Date February 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Türkmen, S., & Gökdemir, S. (2021). Bisiklet Turizmi Motivasyonlarının Belirlenmesi. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 4(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4574580

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