Kitlesel uzaktan eğitimde öğrenen-içerik etkileşimi: Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Sistemi örneği
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 9 - 36, 30.04.2017
İhsan Güneş
,
Köksal Büyük
,
Aylin Öztürk
,
Gamze Tuna
,
Salih Gümüş
Osman Nuri Atak
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Sistemi’ne kayıtlı öğrenenlerin 2015-2016 Güz dönemi Beta e-Öğrenme Portalında en sık kullandıkları 10 ders malzemesinin kullanım durumlarını belirlemek ve bu malzemelerin farklı düzeyde kullanımının öğrenenlerin akademik başarılarında oluşturduğu farkı araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Beta e-Öğrenme Portalı veritabanından 426.211 öğrenene ait kayıt günlükleri analiz edilerek öğrenen-içerik etkileşimleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda, yüksek düzeyde malzeme kullanan öğrenenlerin daha düşük düzeyde malzeme kullanan öğrenenlerden daha fazla akademik başarı sergilediği görülmüştür. Ek olarak, her bir öğrenme malzemesi için o malzemeyi hiç kullanmayan grubun, 10 malzeme türünün çoğunda da akademik başarısı en düşük grup olması öğrenen-içerik etkileşiminin akademik başarıyı açıklamakta önemli bir değişken olduğunu göstermektedir.
Kaynakça
- Anadolu Üniversitesi (2015). 2015-2016 Öğretim Yılı Güz Dönemi Açıköğretim Sistemi
Öğrenci Sayıları Dağılımları. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Anadolu Üniversitesi (2016a). 2016-2017 Öğretim Yılı Güz Dönemi Açıköğretim Sistemi
Öğrenci Sayıları Dağılımı. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Anadolu Üniversitesi (2016b). 2016-2017 Öğretim Yılı Açıköğretim Sistemine İlişkin Öğrenci
Görüşleri. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Anderson, T. (2003). Getting the mix right again: An updated and theoretical rationale for
interaction. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed
Learning, 4(2).
Anderson, T. (2006). Interaction in learning and teaching on the Educational Semantic Web. In
C. Juwah (Ed.), Interactions in Online Education: Implications for Theory and Practice
(pp.141-155). New York: Routledge.
Anderson, T., & Garrison, D. R. (1998). Learning in a networked world: New roles and
responsibilities. In C. Gibson (Ed.), Distance Learners in Higher Education (pp.97-112).
Madison, WI.: Atwood.
Babbie, E. R. (1990). Survey research methods. Wadsworth.
Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Borokhovski, E., Wade, C. A., Tamim, R. M., Surkes, M. A.,
& Bethel, E. C. (2009). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in
distance education. Review of Educational research, 79(3), 1243-1289.
Burnham, B., & Walden, B. (1997). Interactions in distance education: A report from the other
side. Proceedings of the Adult Education Research Conference, Oklahoma State
University. http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97burnham.html Erişim tarihi:
25.02.2017
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches. Sage.
Davies, J., & Graff, M. (2005). Performance in e‐learning: Online participation and student
grades. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(4), 657-663.
Friesen, N., & Kuskis, A. (2013). Modes of interaction. In Moore, M. G. (Ed.), Handbook of
Distance Education (3rd ed.) (pp. 351-371). Routledge.
Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online
learning: Interaction is not enough. The American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3),
133-148.
AUAd 2017, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, 9-36 Kumtepe, Büyük, Güneş, Öztürk, Tuna, Gümüş ve Atak
32
Hillman, D. C. A., Willis, D. J., & Gunawardena, C. N. (1994). Learner-interface interaction
in distance education: An extension of contemporary models and strategies for
practitioners. American Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 30-42.
Hirumi, A. (2002). The design and sequencing of e-learning interactions: A grounded
approach. International Journal on E-Learning, 1(1), 19–27.
Hirumi, A. (2006). Analysing and designing e-learning interactions. In C. Juwah (Ed.),
Interactions in Online Education: Implications for Theory and Practice (pp. 46-71). New
York: Routledge.
Hoskins, S. L., & Van Hooff, J. C. (2005). Motivation and ability: which students use online
learning and what influence does it have on their achievement?. British Journal of
Educational Technology, 36(2), 177-192.
Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2009). Evaluation of evidencebased
practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning
studies. US Department of Education.
Moore, M. G. (1989). Three types of interaction. American Journal of Distance Education,
3(2), 1-7.
Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance Education: A systems view. Belmont, CA.:
Wadsworth.
Mutlu, M. E., Özöğüt Erorta, Ö., Kip Kayabaş, B., Kayabaş, İ., (2014). Anadolu Üniversitesi
Açıköğretim Sisteminde e-öğrenmenin gelişimi. İçinde Özkul, A. E., Aydın, C. H.,
Kumtepe, E. G. ve Toprak, E. (Eds.), Açıköğretimle 30 Yıl (ss. 1-58). Eskişehir: Anadolu
Üniversitesi.
Saba, F. (2000). Research in distance education: A status report. The International Review of
Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 1(1).
Sabry, K., & Baldwin, L. (2003). Web‐based learning interaction and learning styles. British
Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 443-454.
Su, B., Bonk, C. J., Magjuka, R. J., Liu, X., & Lee, S. H. (2005). The importance of interaction
in web-based education: A program-level case study of online MBA courses. Journal of
Interactive Online Learning, 4(1), 1-19.
Tantrarungroj, P. (2008). Effect of embedded streaming video strategy in an online learning
environment on the learning of neuroscience Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana
State University, Terre Haute.
AUAd 2017, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, 9-36 Kumtepe, Büyük, Güneş, Öztürk, Tuna, Gümüş ve Atak
33
Thurmond, V. A., & Wombach, K. (2004). Understanding interactions in distance education:
A review of the literature. International Journal of Instructional Technology and
Distance Learning, 1(1).
Tsang, E. Y. (2010). Learner-content interactions and learning effectiveness: A study of
student perceptions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minnesota.
Vrasidas, C. (2000). Constructivism versus objectivism: Implications for interaction, course
design, and evaluation in distance education. International Journal of Educational
Telecommunications, 6(4), 339-362.
Wagner, E. D. (1994). In support of a functional definition of interaction. The American
Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 6−26.
Wang, Z., Chen, L., & Anderson, T. (2014). A framework for interaction and cognitive
engagement in connectivist learning contexts. The International Review of Research in
Open and Distributed Learning, 15(2).
Woods, R. H., & Baker, J. D. (2004). Interaction and immediacy in online learning. The
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 5(2).
Xiao, J. (2017). Learner-content interaction in distance education: The weakest link in
interaction research. Distance Education, 38(1), 123-135.
Zawacki-Richter, O., & Naidu, S. (2016). Mapping research trends from 35 years of
publications in Distance Education. Distance Education, 37, 245–269.
Zha, S., & Adams, A. H. (2015). Designing a nonformal open online learning program that
encourages participant-to-content interaction. In B. Hokanson, G. Clinton, M. W. Tracey
et al. (Eds.), The Design of Learning Experience: Creating the Future of Educational
Technology (pp. 127-137). Springer International.
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 9 - 36, 30.04.2017
İhsan Güneş
,
Köksal Büyük
,
Aylin Öztürk
,
Gamze Tuna
,
Salih Gümüş
Osman Nuri Atak
Kaynakça
- Anadolu Üniversitesi (2015). 2015-2016 Öğretim Yılı Güz Dönemi Açıköğretim Sistemi
Öğrenci Sayıları Dağılımları. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Anadolu Üniversitesi (2016a). 2016-2017 Öğretim Yılı Güz Dönemi Açıköğretim Sistemi
Öğrenci Sayıları Dağılımı. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Anadolu Üniversitesi (2016b). 2016-2017 Öğretim Yılı Açıköğretim Sistemine İlişkin Öğrenci
Görüşleri. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Anderson, T. (2003). Getting the mix right again: An updated and theoretical rationale for
interaction. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed
Learning, 4(2).
Anderson, T. (2006). Interaction in learning and teaching on the Educational Semantic Web. In
C. Juwah (Ed.), Interactions in Online Education: Implications for Theory and Practice
(pp.141-155). New York: Routledge.
Anderson, T., & Garrison, D. R. (1998). Learning in a networked world: New roles and
responsibilities. In C. Gibson (Ed.), Distance Learners in Higher Education (pp.97-112).
Madison, WI.: Atwood.
Babbie, E. R. (1990). Survey research methods. Wadsworth.
Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Borokhovski, E., Wade, C. A., Tamim, R. M., Surkes, M. A.,
& Bethel, E. C. (2009). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in
distance education. Review of Educational research, 79(3), 1243-1289.
Burnham, B., & Walden, B. (1997). Interactions in distance education: A report from the other
side. Proceedings of the Adult Education Research Conference, Oklahoma State
University. http://www.edst.educ.ubc.ca/aerc/1997/97burnham.html Erişim tarihi:
25.02.2017
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches. Sage.
Davies, J., & Graff, M. (2005). Performance in e‐learning: Online participation and student
grades. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(4), 657-663.
Friesen, N., & Kuskis, A. (2013). Modes of interaction. In Moore, M. G. (Ed.), Handbook of
Distance Education (3rd ed.) (pp. 351-371). Routledge.
Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online
learning: Interaction is not enough. The American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3),
133-148.
AUAd 2017, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, 9-36 Kumtepe, Büyük, Güneş, Öztürk, Tuna, Gümüş ve Atak
32
Hillman, D. C. A., Willis, D. J., & Gunawardena, C. N. (1994). Learner-interface interaction
in distance education: An extension of contemporary models and strategies for
practitioners. American Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 30-42.
Hirumi, A. (2002). The design and sequencing of e-learning interactions: A grounded
approach. International Journal on E-Learning, 1(1), 19–27.
Hirumi, A. (2006). Analysing and designing e-learning interactions. In C. Juwah (Ed.),
Interactions in Online Education: Implications for Theory and Practice (pp. 46-71). New
York: Routledge.
Hoskins, S. L., & Van Hooff, J. C. (2005). Motivation and ability: which students use online
learning and what influence does it have on their achievement?. British Journal of
Educational Technology, 36(2), 177-192.
Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2009). Evaluation of evidencebased
practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning
studies. US Department of Education.
Moore, M. G. (1989). Three types of interaction. American Journal of Distance Education,
3(2), 1-7.
Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance Education: A systems view. Belmont, CA.:
Wadsworth.
Mutlu, M. E., Özöğüt Erorta, Ö., Kip Kayabaş, B., Kayabaş, İ., (2014). Anadolu Üniversitesi
Açıköğretim Sisteminde e-öğrenmenin gelişimi. İçinde Özkul, A. E., Aydın, C. H.,
Kumtepe, E. G. ve Toprak, E. (Eds.), Açıköğretimle 30 Yıl (ss. 1-58). Eskişehir: Anadolu
Üniversitesi.
Saba, F. (2000). Research in distance education: A status report. The International Review of
Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 1(1).
Sabry, K., & Baldwin, L. (2003). Web‐based learning interaction and learning styles. British
Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 443-454.
Su, B., Bonk, C. J., Magjuka, R. J., Liu, X., & Lee, S. H. (2005). The importance of interaction
in web-based education: A program-level case study of online MBA courses. Journal of
Interactive Online Learning, 4(1), 1-19.
Tantrarungroj, P. (2008). Effect of embedded streaming video strategy in an online learning
environment on the learning of neuroscience Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana
State University, Terre Haute.
AUAd 2017, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, 9-36 Kumtepe, Büyük, Güneş, Öztürk, Tuna, Gümüş ve Atak
33
Thurmond, V. A., & Wombach, K. (2004). Understanding interactions in distance education:
A review of the literature. International Journal of Instructional Technology and
Distance Learning, 1(1).
Tsang, E. Y. (2010). Learner-content interactions and learning effectiveness: A study of
student perceptions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minnesota.
Vrasidas, C. (2000). Constructivism versus objectivism: Implications for interaction, course
design, and evaluation in distance education. International Journal of Educational
Telecommunications, 6(4), 339-362.
Wagner, E. D. (1994). In support of a functional definition of interaction. The American
Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 6−26.
Wang, Z., Chen, L., & Anderson, T. (2014). A framework for interaction and cognitive
engagement in connectivist learning contexts. The International Review of Research in
Open and Distributed Learning, 15(2).
Woods, R. H., & Baker, J. D. (2004). Interaction and immediacy in online learning. The
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 5(2).
Xiao, J. (2017). Learner-content interaction in distance education: The weakest link in
interaction research. Distance Education, 38(1), 123-135.
Zawacki-Richter, O., & Naidu, S. (2016). Mapping research trends from 35 years of
publications in Distance Education. Distance Education, 37, 245–269.
Zha, S., & Adams, A. H. (2015). Designing a nonformal open online learning program that
encourages participant-to-content interaction. In B. Hokanson, G. Clinton, M. W. Tracey
et al. (Eds.), The Design of Learning Experience: Creating the Future of Educational
Technology (pp. 127-137). Springer International.