Research Article
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Teachers’ and Students’ Views on the Readability and Comprehensibility of Texts in Secondary School Mathematics Textbooks

Year 2020, Volume: 53 Issue: 1, 1 - 28, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.544757

Abstract

It is not only the student's responsibility to understand a text.
Whether or not the texts presented to students are prepared in accordance with
their level directly affect the comprehensibility of the text. Many formulas
have been developed to measure the readability of texts. The sentence length is
one of the important variables in the readability formulas. The case study
method was used in this study and 5th, 6th, 7th,
8th grade mathematics textbooks which were published by private
publishers and approved by Ministry of National Education in 2017-2018 academic
year were analyzed. In this context, the relationship between the readability
scores of the texts at the level of knowledge, questions and solutions in the
middle school mathematics textbooks and the comprehensibility of these texts
were investigated. In this regard, the views of 18 mathematics teachers and 181
students at the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
grades were taken on the comprehensibility of low, medium and high readability
of knowledge texts, questions and solution texts. The students generally found
the texts to be readable at a level that would not obstruct the understanding,
and the teachers found it to be easily understandable. On the other hand, the
students generally found the texts to be understandable at the medium and good
level and generally understandable. Results showed that, teachers, except for
the structure of the text in the middle school textbooks, want to; be increased
the number of the daily life problems; be reduced the use of intensive symbols,
and be increased the problems that are appropriate for their age and
experience. Moreover, the students, except for the structure of the text in the
middle school textbooks, want to be used multiple representations.

References

  • Akbaşlı, S.; Şahin, M. ve Yaykıran, Z. (2016). The effect of reading comprehension on the performance in science and mathematics, Journal of Education and Practice, 7(16), 108-121.
  • Arslan, S. ve Özpınar, İ. (2009). Yeni ilköğretim 6. sınıf matematik ders kitaplarının öğretim programına uygunluğunun incelenmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(36), 26-38.
  • Atalay, H.A., Çetinkaya, G., Agalarov, S., Özbir, S., Çulha, G., & Canat, L. (2018). Readability and understandability of andrology questionnaires. Turk J Urol 2018. DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.75272
  • Bağcı, H. ve Ünal, Y. (2013). İlköğretim 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyi. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 1(3), 12-28.
  • Balcı, A. (2005). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Bauman, J. F. (1986). Effect of rewritten content textbook passages on middle grade students' comprehension of main ideas: making the inconsiderate considerate, Journal of Reading Behavior, 18(1), 1-21.
  • Bergqvist, E. and Österholm, M. (2010). A theoretical model of the connection between the process of reading and the process of solving mathematical tasks. C. Bergsten, E. Jablonka and T. Wedege (Eds.) Mathematics and mathematics education: Cultural and social dimensions. Proceedings of MADIF 7, 47-57. Linköping: SMDF.
  • Berthold, K., Eysink, T. H. S. and Renkl, A. (2009). Assisting self-explanation prompts are more effective than open prompts when learning with multiple representations, Instructional Science, 37, 345-363.
  • Bormuth, J. R. (1966). Readability: A new approach. Reading Research Quarterly, 1(3), 79–132. http://doi.org/10.2307/747021
  • Britton, B. K. , Woodward, A. and Binkley, M. (1993). Learning from textbooks theory and practice, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Buehl, D. (2013). From classroom strategies for interactive learning (4th ed.), Newark: International Reading Association.
  • Capraro, M. M. and Joffrion, H. (2006). Algebraic equations: can middle-school students meaningfully translate from words to mathematical symbols? Reading Psychology, 27 (2), 147-164.
  • Çetinkaya, G. (2010). Türkçe metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeylerinin tanımlanması ve sınıflandırılması (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye). . https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden elde edilmiştir. (Tez No. 451162).
  • Çetinkaya,G., Aydoğan Yenmez, A., Çelik, T. ve Özpınar, İ.(2018). Readability of texts in secondary school mathematics course books. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 4 (4), 250-256.
  • Demirel, Ö. ve Kıroğlu. (2008). Konu alanı ders kitabı incelemesi. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Duke, N. K. and Pearson, D. P. (2002). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension (Chapter 10). Alan E. Frastrup and S. Jay Samuels (Eds.) What research has to say about reading instruction, (3th edition). Newark: International Reading Association, 205-242.
  • Duman, T., Karakaya, N., Çakmak, M. (2001). Konu alanı ders kitabı inceleme kılavuzu (Matematik). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Erdem, Emrullah (2016). Relationship between mathematical reasoning and reading comprehension: the case of the 8th grade, Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 10 (1), 393-414.
  • Flesch, R. (1948). A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(3), 221–233.
  • Fuentes, P. (1998) Reading comprehension in mathematics, The Clearing House, 72(2), 81-88, DOI: 10.1080/00098659809599602.
  • Halliday, M. (1973). Explorations in the functions of language. London: Edward Arnold.Ham, A.K and van den Heinzehttps, A. (2018). Does the textbook matter? Longitudinal effects of textbook choice on primary school students’ achievement in mathematics, Studies in Educational Evaluation, 59, 133-140. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.07.005http://www.beraconference.co.uk/2010/downloads/abstracts/pdf/BERA2010_0295.pdf
  • Kılıç, A. ve Seven, S. (2006). Konu alanı ders kitabı incelemesi, (6. Baskı). Ankara: Pegema Yayıncılık.Kintsch, W. (1988). The use of knowledge in discourse processing: A construction‐integration model, Psychological Review, 95, 163–182.
  • Lüle Mert, E. (2018). Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerin okunabilirlikleri. International Journal of Language Academy, 6(1), 184-198.
  • MacGregor, M.; Price, E. (1999). An exploration or aspects of language proficiency and algebra learning, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 30(4), 449-467.
  • Miles, M. B. and Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Morgan, C. (2004). Writing mathematically: The discourse of investigation. London:Falmer Press.
  • Namirah, F.; Kusnandi, K. (2017). The linguistic challenges of Mathematics word problems: A research and literature review. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction (MJLI), Special issue on Graduate Students Research on Education, 73-92.
  • National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1989). Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics, The Council, Reston.
  • O’Keefe, L. and O’Donoghue, J. (2014). A role for language analysis in mathematics textbook analysis, International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13, 605-630
  • O’Keefe, L. and O’Donoghue, J. (2010). The importance of mathematics textbook analysis in relation to students learning and understanding of mathematic, BERA, British Education Research Assosiation Anual Conference, University of Warwick 1st-4th September 2010.
  • Österholm, M. (2006). Characterizing reading comprehension of mathematical texts, Educational Studies in Mathematics, 63(3), 325-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10649-005-9016-y
  • Peng, C. (2015). Textbook readability and student performance in online ıntroductory corporate finance classes, The Journal of Educators Online-JEO. 13(2).
  • Poorang, A.; Behzadi M. H. and Shahvarani, A. (2014). The study of the relation between comprehension process and cognitive capacities of students in mathematics, ISPACS Mathematics Education Trends and Research, 1-10. doi:10.5899/2014/metr-00047.
  • Raiker, A. (2002). Spoken Language and mathematics, Cambridge Journal of Education, 32 (1), 45-60.
  • Robinson, T. J; Fischer1, L.; Wiley D. and Hilton J. III (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes, Educational Researcher, Vol. 43 No. 7, pp. 341– 351, DOI: 10.3102/0013189X14550275
  • Seven, S. (2001). İlköğretim sosyal bilgiler ders kitapları hakkında öğretmen ve öğrenci görüşleri ( Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Manisa).
  • Sunday, A.S. (2014). Mathematıcs textbook analysis: A study on recommended mathematics textbooks in school use in southwestern states of Nigerıa, European Scientific Journal, Specıal Edition, 1, 1857 – 7881.
  • Tan, M. N., Limnili, G., Yıldırım, E. & Güldal, A. D. (2018). To understand or not to understand: This is the problem. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 29(6), 642-649.
  • Thomas, G., Hartley, R. D., & Kincaid, J. P. (1975). Test-retest and inter-analyst reliability of the Automated Readability Index, Flesch Reading Ease Score, and the Fog Count. Journal of Reading Behavior, 7(2), 149–154.

Ortaokul Matematik Ders Kitaplarındaki Metinlerin Okunabilirliği ve Anlaşılabilirliği Üzerine Öğretmen-Öğrenci Görüşleri

Year 2020, Volume: 53 Issue: 1, 1 - 28, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.544757

Abstract

Dilsel açıdan öğrenci düzeyine
uygun biçimlendirilmiş matematik ders kitaplarının öğrenciler tarafından daha
iyi anlaşılacağı varsayılmaktadır. Metinlerin okunabilirliğini ölçen çeşitli
formüller geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada okunabilirlik kavramı, tümce uzunluğu
değişkeniyle ele alınmıştır. Nitel yaklaşım içinde durum çalışması olarak
planlanan bu araştırmada Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) ve özel yayınevleri
tarafından yayımlanan, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı onaylı ve 2017-2018
öğretim yılında devlet okullarında okutulan 5., 6., 7., 8. sınıf matematik ders
kitaplarındaki bilgi, soru ve çözüm düzeyindeki metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyi
ile bu metinlerin anlaşılabilirlikleri, öğrenci ve öğretmen bakış açısıyla
sorgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda 18 matematik öğretmeninden ve bu öğretmenlerin 5.,
6., 7., 8. sınıf düzeyindeki toplam 181 öğrencisinden, Çetinkaya-Uzun
okunabilirlik formülüyle düşük, orta ve yüksek düzey olarak belirlenmiş
okunabilirlik değerine sahip bilgi, soru ve çözüm metinlerinin tümce uzunluğu
ve anlaşılabilirliğine ilişkin görüşleri alınmıştır. Öğrenciler metinleri
genellikle anlamayı engellemeyecek düzeyde okunabilir bulmuş, öğretmenler ise
kolaylıkla anlamlandırılabilecek düzeyde bulmuşlardır. Öte yandan öğrenciler
metinleri genellikle orta ve iyi düzeyde anlaşılabilir öğretmenler ise
genellikle iyi düzeyde anlaşılabilir bulmuşlardır. Görüşler incelendiğinde
öğretmenler, metnin yapısı dışında ortaokul matematik ders kitaplarındaki
metinlerde günlük yaşamdan örneklerin artırılmasını; öğrenciler ise çoklu
temsillerin kullanılmasını, yoğun sembol kullanımının azaltılmasını, yaşantısal
ve deneyimsel açıdan yaş düzeylerine uygun örneklerin artırılmasını
istemektedirler.

References

  • Akbaşlı, S.; Şahin, M. ve Yaykıran, Z. (2016). The effect of reading comprehension on the performance in science and mathematics, Journal of Education and Practice, 7(16), 108-121.
  • Arslan, S. ve Özpınar, İ. (2009). Yeni ilköğretim 6. sınıf matematik ders kitaplarının öğretim programına uygunluğunun incelenmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(36), 26-38.
  • Atalay, H.A., Çetinkaya, G., Agalarov, S., Özbir, S., Çulha, G., & Canat, L. (2018). Readability and understandability of andrology questionnaires. Turk J Urol 2018. DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.75272
  • Bağcı, H. ve Ünal, Y. (2013). İlköğretim 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyi. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 1(3), 12-28.
  • Balcı, A. (2005). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Bauman, J. F. (1986). Effect of rewritten content textbook passages on middle grade students' comprehension of main ideas: making the inconsiderate considerate, Journal of Reading Behavior, 18(1), 1-21.
  • Bergqvist, E. and Österholm, M. (2010). A theoretical model of the connection between the process of reading and the process of solving mathematical tasks. C. Bergsten, E. Jablonka and T. Wedege (Eds.) Mathematics and mathematics education: Cultural and social dimensions. Proceedings of MADIF 7, 47-57. Linköping: SMDF.
  • Berthold, K., Eysink, T. H. S. and Renkl, A. (2009). Assisting self-explanation prompts are more effective than open prompts when learning with multiple representations, Instructional Science, 37, 345-363.
  • Bormuth, J. R. (1966). Readability: A new approach. Reading Research Quarterly, 1(3), 79–132. http://doi.org/10.2307/747021
  • Britton, B. K. , Woodward, A. and Binkley, M. (1993). Learning from textbooks theory and practice, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Buehl, D. (2013). From classroom strategies for interactive learning (4th ed.), Newark: International Reading Association.
  • Capraro, M. M. and Joffrion, H. (2006). Algebraic equations: can middle-school students meaningfully translate from words to mathematical symbols? Reading Psychology, 27 (2), 147-164.
  • Çetinkaya, G. (2010). Türkçe metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeylerinin tanımlanması ve sınıflandırılması (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye). . https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden elde edilmiştir. (Tez No. 451162).
  • Çetinkaya,G., Aydoğan Yenmez, A., Çelik, T. ve Özpınar, İ.(2018). Readability of texts in secondary school mathematics course books. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 4 (4), 250-256.
  • Demirel, Ö. ve Kıroğlu. (2008). Konu alanı ders kitabı incelemesi. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Duke, N. K. and Pearson, D. P. (2002). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension (Chapter 10). Alan E. Frastrup and S. Jay Samuels (Eds.) What research has to say about reading instruction, (3th edition). Newark: International Reading Association, 205-242.
  • Duman, T., Karakaya, N., Çakmak, M. (2001). Konu alanı ders kitabı inceleme kılavuzu (Matematik). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Erdem, Emrullah (2016). Relationship between mathematical reasoning and reading comprehension: the case of the 8th grade, Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 10 (1), 393-414.
  • Flesch, R. (1948). A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(3), 221–233.
  • Fuentes, P. (1998) Reading comprehension in mathematics, The Clearing House, 72(2), 81-88, DOI: 10.1080/00098659809599602.
  • Halliday, M. (1973). Explorations in the functions of language. London: Edward Arnold.Ham, A.K and van den Heinzehttps, A. (2018). Does the textbook matter? Longitudinal effects of textbook choice on primary school students’ achievement in mathematics, Studies in Educational Evaluation, 59, 133-140. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.07.005http://www.beraconference.co.uk/2010/downloads/abstracts/pdf/BERA2010_0295.pdf
  • Kılıç, A. ve Seven, S. (2006). Konu alanı ders kitabı incelemesi, (6. Baskı). Ankara: Pegema Yayıncılık.Kintsch, W. (1988). The use of knowledge in discourse processing: A construction‐integration model, Psychological Review, 95, 163–182.
  • Lüle Mert, E. (2018). Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerin okunabilirlikleri. International Journal of Language Academy, 6(1), 184-198.
  • MacGregor, M.; Price, E. (1999). An exploration or aspects of language proficiency and algebra learning, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 30(4), 449-467.
  • Miles, M. B. and Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Morgan, C. (2004). Writing mathematically: The discourse of investigation. London:Falmer Press.
  • Namirah, F.; Kusnandi, K. (2017). The linguistic challenges of Mathematics word problems: A research and literature review. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction (MJLI), Special issue on Graduate Students Research on Education, 73-92.
  • National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1989). Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics, The Council, Reston.
  • O’Keefe, L. and O’Donoghue, J. (2014). A role for language analysis in mathematics textbook analysis, International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13, 605-630
  • O’Keefe, L. and O’Donoghue, J. (2010). The importance of mathematics textbook analysis in relation to students learning and understanding of mathematic, BERA, British Education Research Assosiation Anual Conference, University of Warwick 1st-4th September 2010.
  • Österholm, M. (2006). Characterizing reading comprehension of mathematical texts, Educational Studies in Mathematics, 63(3), 325-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10649-005-9016-y
  • Peng, C. (2015). Textbook readability and student performance in online ıntroductory corporate finance classes, The Journal of Educators Online-JEO. 13(2).
  • Poorang, A.; Behzadi M. H. and Shahvarani, A. (2014). The study of the relation between comprehension process and cognitive capacities of students in mathematics, ISPACS Mathematics Education Trends and Research, 1-10. doi:10.5899/2014/metr-00047.
  • Raiker, A. (2002). Spoken Language and mathematics, Cambridge Journal of Education, 32 (1), 45-60.
  • Robinson, T. J; Fischer1, L.; Wiley D. and Hilton J. III (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes, Educational Researcher, Vol. 43 No. 7, pp. 341– 351, DOI: 10.3102/0013189X14550275
  • Seven, S. (2001). İlköğretim sosyal bilgiler ders kitapları hakkında öğretmen ve öğrenci görüşleri ( Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Manisa).
  • Sunday, A.S. (2014). Mathematıcs textbook analysis: A study on recommended mathematics textbooks in school use in southwestern states of Nigerıa, European Scientific Journal, Specıal Edition, 1, 1857 – 7881.
  • Tan, M. N., Limnili, G., Yıldırım, E. & Güldal, A. D. (2018). To understand or not to understand: This is the problem. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 29(6), 642-649.
  • Thomas, G., Hartley, R. D., & Kincaid, J. P. (1975). Test-retest and inter-analyst reliability of the Automated Readability Index, Flesch Reading Ease Score, and the Fog Count. Journal of Reading Behavior, 7(2), 149–154.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğba Çelik 0000-0002-2211-9243

Gökhan Çetinkaya This is me 0000-0001-7676-6852

Arzu Aydoğan Yenmez 0000-0001-8595-3262

Publication Date April 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 53 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çelik, T., Çetinkaya, G., & Aydoğan Yenmez, A. (2020). Teachers’ and Students’ Views on the Readability and Comprehensibility of Texts in Secondary School Mathematics Textbooks. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 53(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.544757

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