Yeşil Büyüme Bağlamında Enerji ve Sağlık: BRICS Ülkeleri Örneği

Öz

Bu araştırma, BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika) ülkelerinde yeşil büyüme, enerji kullanımı, yenilenebilir enerji arzı, sağlık göstergeleri ve kişi başına düşen gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Araştırmada, zaman serisi verilerinde uzun dönem ilişkileri analiz eden Bootstrap Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikme Modeli (ARDL) kullanılmıştır. 1990-2021 yılları arasını kapsayan araştırma verileri, Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) veri havuzunda yer alan yeşil büyüme göstergelerinden elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, belirtilen yıllar arasında BRICS ülkelerinde farklı eşbütünleşme süreçleri bulunduğunu, ayrıca yenilenebilir enerji arzı ve kişi başına reel GSYİH ile doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi arasında eşbütünleşik bir ilişkinin var olduğunu göstermektedir. Granger nedensellik testi sonuçları, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının doğumda beklenen yaşam süresini olumlu etkilediğini, enerji yoğunluğunun ise ekonomik büyüme üzerinde belirleyici bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, ekonomik büyüme bağımlı değişken olarak ele alındığında uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuçlar, enerji tüketimi ve CO2 emisyonlarının kısa vadede ekonomik büyümenin önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma, sürdürülebilir ekonomik ve çevresel kalkınma stratejilerinin sağlık politikaları ile entegrasyonunun önemini vurgulamakta ve politika yapıcılara yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarını artırmaya yönelik öneriler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bootstrap ARDL Modeli
• BRICS Ülkeleri
• Enerji
• Sağlık
• Yeşil Büyüme

Energy and Health in the Context of the Green Growth: The Case of BRICS Countries

Öz

This research examines the relationships between green growth, energy consumption, renewable energy supply, health indicators, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries. The research employs the Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), which analyzes long-term relationships in time series data. The research covers the period from 1990 to 2021, utilizing green growth indicators sourced from the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) data explorer. The results reveal the existence of different cointegration processes among BRICS countries during the specified years. Furthermore, the results indicate a cointegrated relationship between renewable energy supply and real per capita GDP with life expectancy at birth. The Granger causality test results suggest that renewable energy consumption positively influences life expectancy at birth, while energy intensity is a determining factor for economic growth. However, no long-term cointegration is detected when economic growth is considered the dependent variable. The results highlight that energy consumption and CO2 emissions are significant determinants of economic growth in the short term. This research underscores the importance of integrating sustainable economic and environmental development strategies with health policies and provides recommendations for policymakers to enhance investments in renewable energy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bootstrap ARDL Model
• BRICS Countries
• Energy
• Health
• Green Growth

Kaynakça

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