Kadın Konukevinde Anneleriyle Kalan Çocukların Biyopsikososyal Gelişimsel İhyiyaçlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Aile içi şiddet bağlamında anneleriyle birlikte kadın konukevinde kalan çocukların ihtiyaçlarının neler olduğu hakkında pek az şey bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, konukevinde anneleriyle kalan çocukların biyopsikososyal gelişimsel ihtiyaçlarının, annenin ebeveyn kapasitesi ile aile-çevresel koşullar değişkenleri bütünlüğünde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma karma yöntemin eş zamanlı paralel deseninde kurgulanmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni; Türkiye'de konukevlerinde annelerinin yanında kalmakta olan 0-12 yaş gruba sahip çocuklardan oluşmuştur. Nicel desende amaçsal örneklem tekniği kullanılarak 206 çocuk hakkında veri toplanmıştır. Nitel desende ise aynı örnekleme tekniği seçilerek 30 anne ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel analizi sonucunda; çocukların ihtiyaç boyutlarının tümünde ortalama puanlarının 1'den küçük olması sebebiyle gelişimsel alanlarda ihtiyaç içinde oldukları saptanmıştır. Annelerin ebeveynlik kapasitesine ilişkin ortalama puanın 1'den küçük bulunduğu ve çocukların yeterince ebeveynlik alamadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla bağlantılı olarak annelerin ebeveyn kapasitesi ile çocukların biyopsikososyal gelişimsel ihtiyaçları arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ailesel ve çevresel koşulların ise hem çocuğun biyopsikososyal gelişimsel ihtiyaçlarını hem de annenin ebeveyn kapasitesini olumsuz etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel boyutunda ulaşılan sonuçlar nicel boyutu desteklemiştir. Çocukların tüm gelişimsel alanlarda ihtiyaç içinde oldukları, bunda ebeveyn kapasitesi ile ailesel ve çevresel faktörlerin etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk refahı
• biyopsikososyal gelişimsel ihtiyaçlar
• ailesel-çevresel koşullar
• ebeveynlik kapasitesi
• kadın konukevi

Assessment of Biopsychosocial Developmental Needs of Children Staying with Their Mothers in a Shelter

Öz

There is limited literature on the needs of children residing in women’s shelters with their mothers in the context of domestic violence. This study aims to assess the biopsychosocial developmental needs of children living in shelters within an integrated framework that considers maternal parenting capacity as well as familial and environmental conditions. A concurrent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. The study population comprised children aged 0–12 residing with their mothers in women’s shelters in Türkiye. Quantitative data were collected on 206 children through purposive sampling, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 mothers using the same sampling strategy. Quantitative findings showed that mean scores for children’s biopsychosocial developmental needs and maternal parenting capacity were below 1 across all dimensions, indicating significant developmental needs and insufficient parenting support. Moreover, maternal parenting capacity was positively associated with children’s biopsychosocial developmental needs, whereas familial and environmental conditions negatively affected both variables. Qualitative findings indicated that children experienced health problems, inadequate nutrition, and developmental delays, as well as educational challenges such as low learning motivation, school changes, peer bullying, negative teacher attitudes, and learning difficulties. Emotional and behavioral issues included self-harm, fear, aggression, anger, crying episodes, and social withdrawal, while weak family bonds, limited peer relationships, and low self-concept were prominent in identity, family, and social development. This study is expected to support the adoption of needs assessment as a core approach in child-focused practices, particularly in women’s shelters, and to guide the identification of priority areas for future service planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Child well-being
• biopsychosocial developmental needs
• family-environmental conditions
• parenting capacity
• women’s shelters

Kaynakça

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