Radikalizm ve Yoksunluk İlişkisi: Boko Haram Örneği

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 1131 - 1152, 24.12.2023

Ahmet Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1254437

Abstract

Dünyanın önemli petrol ihracatçılarından ve Afrika’nın sayılı ekonomilerinden olan Nijerya, etnik ve dinî açıdan son derece kozmopolit bir yapıya sahiptir. 11. yüzyılda İslam’ın yayılmaya başladığı ülkede nüfusun %50’sini Müslümanlar, %40’ını Hristiyanlar, %10’unu ise diğer yerel inançtan insanlar oluşturmaktadır. Etnik ve dinî anlamda var olan çeşitliliğin yanında ekonomik anlamda eşitsizliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Söz konusu bu eşitsizliğe bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan sosyoekonomik problemler, zaman zaman iç çatışma ve isyanlara neden olmaktadır. Bu iç çatışma ve terör olaylarına verilecek örneklerden birisi de mevcut Nijerya yönetimini devirip onun yerine şeriata dayalı bir devlet kurmayı hedefleyen Boko Haram’dır. Boko Haram, kendi anlayışını yaymak ve halkı kendi ideolojisi etrafında toplamak için ülkenin yaşadığı sosyoekonomik problemleri gündeme getirmiştir. Başka bir deyişle ülkedeki yoksunluğu gündeme getirerek mevcut durumdan hoşnut olmayan insanların öfkelerini kendi amaçları doğrultusunda kullanmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu çalışma radikalizm ve yoksunluk arasındaki ilişkiyi Boko Haram örgütü üzerinden irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada Boko Haram ile ilgili genel bilgiler verildikten sonra ülkede yaşanan yoksunlukların hangi alanda yaşandığını ve bunların örgütün taraftar bulmasındaki etkisi irdelenmiştir. Çalışma, radikal grupların taraftar bulmasında halkın yaşadığı yoksunluğun önemli bir faktör olduğunu, yoksunluğun radikalleşmeyi kolaylaştırdığını iddia etmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra yoksunluk radikalleşme arasında bir kısır döngü olduğunu, yoksunluk radikalleşmeyi kolaylaştırırken radikalleşmenin de mevcut yoksunlukları daha da derinleştirdiğini iddia etmektedir.

Keywords

Radikalizm, Dinî Radikalizm, Yoksunluk, Terör, Boko Haram

The Relationship Between Radicalism and Deprivation: The Case of Boko Haram

Abstract

Nigeria, one of the world's major oil exporters and one of Africa's leading economies, is ethnically and religiously cosmopolitan. In the country where Islam began to spread in the 11th century, 50% of the population is Muslims, 40% are Christians, and 10% are people of other local faiths. Socio-economic problems in the country cause internal conflicts and rebellions from time to time. One of the examples to be given to these internal conflicts and terrorist incidents is Boko Haram, which aims to overthrow the current Nigerian government and establish a sharia-based state in its place. Boko Haram has been bringing the socio-economic problems of the country in order to spread its understanding and gather the people around its ideology. In other words, he aimed to use the anger of the people who are not satisfied with the current situation for his own purposes by bringing the deprivation in the country to the agenda.This study aims to examine the relationship between radicalism and deprivation in the example of Boko Haram. In the study, after giving general information about Boko Haram, the area of deprivation in the country and the effect of these on the organization's support were examined. The study claims that deprivation is an important factor for radical groups to find supporters and that deprivation facilitates radicalization. In addition, the study claims that there is a vicious circle between deprivation and radicalization, and while deprivation facilitates radicalization, radicalization deepens existing deprivations.

Keywords

Radicalism, Religious Radicalism, Deprivation, Terror, Boko Haram

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