Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Low Sugar Bitter Orange Peel Marmalade
Year 2024,
Volume: 53 Issue: 2, 61 - 70, 26.11.2024
Demet Yıldız Turgut
,
Muslime Tanriseven
,
Arzu Bayır Yeğin
,
Muharrem Gölükcü
,
Haluk Tokgöz
,
Osman Kola
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of storage temperature and time on some physicochemical and microbiological properties of low-sugar orange peel marmalade. In this context, bitter orange peel marmalade produced by reducing sugar content by 30%and replacing it with steviol glycoside rebaudioside A (Reb A) was stored at two different storage temperatures (5-6℃/22-24℃) for 12 months. During the storage period, water-soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), water activity (aw) color values (L*, a*, b*, C* and h°), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and total mold-yeast analyses were carried out. At the end of the storage, TSS values increased in samples stored at 5-6℃, decreasing by 1.20% in samples stored at 22-24℃ compared to the beginning. The pH value, which was 3.86 at the beginning of storage, decreased to 3.82 at 5-6℃ storage conditions, and to 3.83 at 22-24℃ storage conditions. Water activity values decreased at the end of storage, while titratable acidity increased. When examined in terms of color values, L* and hue values of marmalade samples generally decreased during the storage period, while a*, b* and C* values increased. The amount of HMF increased during the storage period compared to the beginning, and this increase was 57.53 times at 22-24℃ storage temperature and 11.97 times at 5-6℃ temperature. During the storage period, no mold and yeast development was observed in the low-sugar orange peel marmalade. In conclusion, it is recommended that bitter orange peel marmalade, with a 30% reduced sugar content, be stored at 5-6℃ for 12 months for the quality parameters examined.
Project Number
TAGEM/HSGYAD/B/19/A3/P2/1212
References
- Pawar, R.S., Sagi, S., Leontyev, D., 2020. Analysis of bitter orange dietary supplements for natural and synthetic phenethylamines by LC-MS/MS. Drug Testing and Analysis 12(9):1241-1251.
- TÜİK, 2023. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri (https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ kategori/getkategori?p=tarim-111anddil=1) (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2024).
- Jabri Karoui, I., Marzouk, B., 2013. Characterization of bioactive compounds in Tunisian bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) peel and juice and determination of their antioxidant activities. BioMed Research International 2013(1):345415.
- Farag, M.A., Abib, B., Ayad, L., Khattab, A.R., 2020. Sweet and bitter oranges: An updated comparative review of their bioactives, nutrition, food quality, therapeutic merits and biowaste valorization practices. Food Chemistry 331:127306.
- Adeline Dorcas, F., Sheila, J., Estherly, D., Priya, I., Priyadarshini, S., 2016. Study on the antimicrobial property of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel powder and developing recipes using the powder. International Journal of Home Science 2(21):125-131.
- Heydari, M., Rostami, O., Mohammadi, R., Banavi, P., Farhoodi, M., Sarlak, Z., Rouhi, M., 2021. Hydro distillation ultrasound‐assisted green extraction of essential oil from bitter orange peel wastes: Optimization for quantitative, phenolic, and antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 45(7):e15585.
- Gaff, M., Esteban‐Decloux, M., Giampaoli, P., 2020. Bitter orange peel essential oil: A review of the different factors and chemical reactions influencing its composition. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 35(3):247-269.
- Binici, H.İ., Özdemir, C., Özdemir, S., 2023. The physical, chemical, sensory properties and aromatic organic substance profile of kefir added citrus fruits in different proportions. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20(4):871-878.
- Tao, R., Cho, S., 2020. Consumer-based sensory characterization of steviol glycosides (rebaudioside A, D and M). Foods 9(8):1026.
- Wang, Y., Luo, X., Chen, L., Mustapha, A.T., Yu, X., Zhou, C., Okonkwo, C.E., 2023. Natural and low‐caloric rebaudioside A as a substitute for dietary sugars: A comprehensive review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 22(1):615-642.
- Yang, Y., Xu, M., Wan, Z., Yang, X., 2022. Novel functional properties and applications of steviol glycosides in foods. Current Opinion in Food Science 43:91-98.
- Yildiz, M., Karhan, M., 2021. Characteristics of some beverages adjusted with stevia extract, and persistence of steviol glycosides in the mouth after consumption. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 24:100326.
- Anonim, 2013. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Katkı Maddeleri Yönetmeliği (https://kms.kaysis.gov.tr/ home/kurum/24308110) (Erişim: 25.04.2024).
- Licciardello, F., Muratore, G., 2011. Effect of temperature and some added compounds on the stability of blood orange marmalade. Journal of Food Science 76(7):C1094-C1100.
- Mesquita, K.S., Borges, S.V., Carneiro, J.D.D.S., Menezes, C.C., Marques, G.R., 2013. Quality alterations during storage of sugar‐free guava jam with added prebiotics. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 37(5):806-813.
- Anonim, 2006. Türk Gıda Kodeksi reçel, jöle, marmelat ve tatlandırılmış kestane püresi tebliği. Tebliğ No:2006/55 (https://kms.kaysis.gov.tr/ home/kurum/24308110) (Erişim: 23.04.2024).
- Turgut, D.Y., Tanrıseven, M., Yeğin, A.B., Gölüklü, M., Tokgöz, H., Kola, O., 2023. Düşük şekerli turunç marmelatı üretiminde rebaudioside A kullanımının araştırılması. Gıda 48(4):872-887.
- Cemeroğlu, B., 2007. Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, Ankara, 535 s.
- Tontul, I., Topuz, A., 2017. Effects of different drying methods on the physicochemical properties of pomegranate leather (pestil). LWT 80:294-303.
- Anonym, 2008. ISO 21527-1:2008. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-Horizontal method for the enumeration of yeasts and moulds-part 1: Colony count technique in products with water activity greater than 0.95.
- Pavlova, V., Karakashova, L., Stamatovska, V., Delchev, N., Necinova, L., Nakov, G., Blazevska, T., 2013. Storage impact on the quality of raspberry and peach jams. Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design 664:25-28.
- Sutwal, R., Dhankhar, J., Kindu, P., Mehla, R., 2019. Development of low-calorie jam by replacement of sugar with natural sweetener Stevia. International Journal of Current Research and Review 11:9-16.
- Rana, M.S., Yeasmin, F., Khan, M.J., Riad, M.H., 2021. Evaluation of quality characteristics and storage stability of mixed fruit jam, Food Research 5(1):225-231.
- Gülhan, A., Çoklar, H., Akbulut, M., 2023. Enhancement of Strawberry Marmalade with Crab Apple (Malus floribunda) Anthocyanins. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13(1):326-340.
- Dubey, A., Kumar, A., Rao, P.S., 2021. Development and storage study of reduced calorie aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) based pineapple fruit jam. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 15(1):961-975.
- Rubıo‐Arraez, S., Ferrer, C., Capella, J.V., Ortolá, M.D. Castelló, M.L., 2017. Development of lemon marmalade formulated with new sweeteners (isomaltulose and tagatose): Effect on antioxidant, rheological and optical properties. Journal of Food Process Engineering 40(2):1-8.
- Kanwal, N., Randhawa, M.A., Iqbal, Z., 2017. Influence of processing methods and storage on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of guava jam. International Food Research Journal 24(5):2017-2027.
- Touati, N., Tarazona-Díaz, M.P., Aguayo, E., Louaileche, H., 2014. Effect of storage time and temperature on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of commercial apricot jam. Food Chemistry 145:23-27.
- Durmuş, F., Özcan-Sinir, G., Şahin, K.G., Çopur, Ö.U., 2020. Determination of physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus L.) jam produced from different cultivars. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17(2):191-202.
- Wicklund, T., Rosenfeld, H.J., Martinsen, B.K., Sundfør, M.W., Lea, P., Bruun, T., Blomhoff, R., Haffner, K., 2005. Antioxidant capacity and colour of strawberry jam as influenced by cultivar and storage conditions. LWT-Food Science and Technology 38(4):387-391.
- Pathare, P.B., Opara, U.L., Al-Said, F.A.J., 2013. Colour measurement and analysis in fresh and processed foods: a review. Food and Bioprocess Technology 6(1):36-60.
- Naknaen, P., Itthisoponkul, T., 2015. Characteristics of cantaloupe jams as affected by substitution of sucrose with xylitol. International Journal of Fruit Science 15(4):442-455.
- Ozcan-Sinir, G., Ozkan-Karabacak, A., Tamer, C.E., Copur, O.U., 2018. The effect of hot air, vacuum and microwave drying on drying characteristics, rehydration capacity, color, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Kumquat (Citrus japonica). Food Science and Technology 39:475-484.
- Rubio‐Arraez, S., Sahuquillo, S., Capella, J.V., Ortolá, M.D., Castelló, M.L., 2015. Influence of healthy sweeteners (tagatose and oligofructose) on the physicochemical characteristics of orange marmalade. Journal of Texture Studies 46(4):272-280.
- Öztürk, Ş., 2023. Rebaudiosit A kullanılarak düşük şekerli portakal marmelatı üretimi ve duyusal özellikleri. Akademik Gıda 21(1):57-69.
- Dönmez, I., Özer, H., Gülser, C., 2016. Bazı bölgesel organik atıkların topraksız tarımda (torba kültürü) kullanılabilme imkânlarının belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 31(2):171-178.
- Rubio-Arraez, S., Capella, J.V., Ortolá, M.D., Castelló, M.L., 2016. Effect of replacing sucrose with tagatose and isomaltulose in Mandarin orange marmalade on rheology, colour, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties. Acta Alimentaria 45(3):406-415.
- Güzel, E.K., Kaya, C., Yücel, E.E., Bayram, M., 2021. Determination of some properties of jam and marmalade produced from different blueberry varieties (Vaccinum sp.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 9(5):937-945.
- Sicari, V., Pellicanò, T.M., Laganà, V., Poiana, M., 2018. Use of orange by‐products (dry peel) as an alternative gelling agent for marmalade production: Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibition of HMF formation during different storage temperature. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 42(2):e13429.
- Ünlütürk, A., Turantaş, F., 1996. Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi Uygulamaları. Ege Meslek Yüksekokulu, Yayın No:19, İzmir.
- Karaçalı, İ., 2002. Meyve ve Sebze Değerlendirme. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No:19/4, İzmir, 263 s.
Depolama Süresi ve Sıcaklığının Düşük Şekerli Turunç Kabuğu Marmelatının Fizikokimyasal ve Mikrobiyolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi
Year 2024,
Volume: 53 Issue: 2, 61 - 70, 26.11.2024
Demet Yıldız Turgut
,
Muslime Tanriseven
,
Arzu Bayır Yeğin
,
Muharrem Gölükcü
,
Haluk Tokgöz
,
Osman Kola
Abstract
Bu çalışmada düşük şekerli turunç kabuğu marmelatının bazı fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine depolama sıcaklığı ve süresinin etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda şeker içeriği %30 azaltılmış ve yerine Steviol glikozit rebaudioside A (Reb A) ikame edilerek üretilmiş turunç kabuğu marmelatı iki farklı depolama sıcaklığında (5-6℃/22-24℃) 12 ay süre ile depolanmıştır. Depolama süresi boyunca suda çözünür kuru madde (SÇKM), pH, titrasyon asitliği (TA), su aktivitesi (aw) renk değerleri (L*, a*, b*, C* ve h°), 5-Hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) ve toplam küf-maya analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. SÇKM değerleri 5-6℃ sıcaklıkta depolanan örneklerde artmış, 22-24℃’de depolanan örneklerde ise depolama sonunda başlangıca göre %1,20 azalmıştır. Depolama başlangıcında 3,86 olan pH değeri 5-6℃’depolama koşulunda 3,82’ye, 22-24℃ depolama koşulunda 3,83’e düşmüştür. Depolama sonunda su aktivitesi değerleri azalış gösterirken, titrasyon asitliği artış göstermiştir. Renk değerleri açısından incelendiğinde genel olarak depolama süresi boyunca marmelat örneklerinin L* ve hue açısı değerleri azalmış, a*, b* ve kroma değerleri artmıştır. HMF miktarı başlangıca göre depolama süresi boyunca artmış, bu artış 22-24℃’de depolama sıcaklığında 57,53 kat, 5-6℃ sıcaklıkta 11,97 kat olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Depolama süresi içerisinde düşük şekerli turunç kabuğu marmelatında küf ve maya gelişimi gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, şeker içeriği %30 düşürülmüş turunç kabuğu marmelatının incelenen kalite parametreleri açısından 12 ay süre ile 5-6℃’de muhafaza edilmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.
Supporting Institution
Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)
Project Number
TAGEM/HSGYAD/B/19/A3/P2/1212
Thanks
Bu çalışma Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM) imkânlarıyla yürütülen TAGEM/HSGYAD/B/19/A3/P2/1212 numaralı projenin bir bölümüdür. Desteklerinden dolayı TAGEM Hayvan Sağlığı, Gıda ve Yem Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı Bitkisel Gıda Araştırmaları Çalışma Grubu’na teşekkürlerimi sunarım.
References
- Pawar, R.S., Sagi, S., Leontyev, D., 2020. Analysis of bitter orange dietary supplements for natural and synthetic phenethylamines by LC-MS/MS. Drug Testing and Analysis 12(9):1241-1251.
- TÜİK, 2023. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri (https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ kategori/getkategori?p=tarim-111anddil=1) (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2024).
- Jabri Karoui, I., Marzouk, B., 2013. Characterization of bioactive compounds in Tunisian bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) peel and juice and determination of their antioxidant activities. BioMed Research International 2013(1):345415.
- Farag, M.A., Abib, B., Ayad, L., Khattab, A.R., 2020. Sweet and bitter oranges: An updated comparative review of their bioactives, nutrition, food quality, therapeutic merits and biowaste valorization practices. Food Chemistry 331:127306.
- Adeline Dorcas, F., Sheila, J., Estherly, D., Priya, I., Priyadarshini, S., 2016. Study on the antimicrobial property of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel powder and developing recipes using the powder. International Journal of Home Science 2(21):125-131.
- Heydari, M., Rostami, O., Mohammadi, R., Banavi, P., Farhoodi, M., Sarlak, Z., Rouhi, M., 2021. Hydro distillation ultrasound‐assisted green extraction of essential oil from bitter orange peel wastes: Optimization for quantitative, phenolic, and antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 45(7):e15585.
- Gaff, M., Esteban‐Decloux, M., Giampaoli, P., 2020. Bitter orange peel essential oil: A review of the different factors and chemical reactions influencing its composition. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 35(3):247-269.
- Binici, H.İ., Özdemir, C., Özdemir, S., 2023. The physical, chemical, sensory properties and aromatic organic substance profile of kefir added citrus fruits in different proportions. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20(4):871-878.
- Tao, R., Cho, S., 2020. Consumer-based sensory characterization of steviol glycosides (rebaudioside A, D and M). Foods 9(8):1026.
- Wang, Y., Luo, X., Chen, L., Mustapha, A.T., Yu, X., Zhou, C., Okonkwo, C.E., 2023. Natural and low‐caloric rebaudioside A as a substitute for dietary sugars: A comprehensive review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 22(1):615-642.
- Yang, Y., Xu, M., Wan, Z., Yang, X., 2022. Novel functional properties and applications of steviol glycosides in foods. Current Opinion in Food Science 43:91-98.
- Yildiz, M., Karhan, M., 2021. Characteristics of some beverages adjusted with stevia extract, and persistence of steviol glycosides in the mouth after consumption. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 24:100326.
- Anonim, 2013. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Katkı Maddeleri Yönetmeliği (https://kms.kaysis.gov.tr/ home/kurum/24308110) (Erişim: 25.04.2024).
- Licciardello, F., Muratore, G., 2011. Effect of temperature and some added compounds on the stability of blood orange marmalade. Journal of Food Science 76(7):C1094-C1100.
- Mesquita, K.S., Borges, S.V., Carneiro, J.D.D.S., Menezes, C.C., Marques, G.R., 2013. Quality alterations during storage of sugar‐free guava jam with added prebiotics. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 37(5):806-813.
- Anonim, 2006. Türk Gıda Kodeksi reçel, jöle, marmelat ve tatlandırılmış kestane püresi tebliği. Tebliğ No:2006/55 (https://kms.kaysis.gov.tr/ home/kurum/24308110) (Erişim: 23.04.2024).
- Turgut, D.Y., Tanrıseven, M., Yeğin, A.B., Gölüklü, M., Tokgöz, H., Kola, O., 2023. Düşük şekerli turunç marmelatı üretiminde rebaudioside A kullanımının araştırılması. Gıda 48(4):872-887.
- Cemeroğlu, B., 2007. Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, Ankara, 535 s.
- Tontul, I., Topuz, A., 2017. Effects of different drying methods on the physicochemical properties of pomegranate leather (pestil). LWT 80:294-303.
- Anonym, 2008. ISO 21527-1:2008. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-Horizontal method for the enumeration of yeasts and moulds-part 1: Colony count technique in products with water activity greater than 0.95.
- Pavlova, V., Karakashova, L., Stamatovska, V., Delchev, N., Necinova, L., Nakov, G., Blazevska, T., 2013. Storage impact on the quality of raspberry and peach jams. Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design 664:25-28.
- Sutwal, R., Dhankhar, J., Kindu, P., Mehla, R., 2019. Development of low-calorie jam by replacement of sugar with natural sweetener Stevia. International Journal of Current Research and Review 11:9-16.
- Rana, M.S., Yeasmin, F., Khan, M.J., Riad, M.H., 2021. Evaluation of quality characteristics and storage stability of mixed fruit jam, Food Research 5(1):225-231.
- Gülhan, A., Çoklar, H., Akbulut, M., 2023. Enhancement of Strawberry Marmalade with Crab Apple (Malus floribunda) Anthocyanins. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13(1):326-340.
- Dubey, A., Kumar, A., Rao, P.S., 2021. Development and storage study of reduced calorie aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) based pineapple fruit jam. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 15(1):961-975.
- Rubıo‐Arraez, S., Ferrer, C., Capella, J.V., Ortolá, M.D. Castelló, M.L., 2017. Development of lemon marmalade formulated with new sweeteners (isomaltulose and tagatose): Effect on antioxidant, rheological and optical properties. Journal of Food Process Engineering 40(2):1-8.
- Kanwal, N., Randhawa, M.A., Iqbal, Z., 2017. Influence of processing methods and storage on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of guava jam. International Food Research Journal 24(5):2017-2027.
- Touati, N., Tarazona-Díaz, M.P., Aguayo, E., Louaileche, H., 2014. Effect of storage time and temperature on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of commercial apricot jam. Food Chemistry 145:23-27.
- Durmuş, F., Özcan-Sinir, G., Şahin, K.G., Çopur, Ö.U., 2020. Determination of physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus L.) jam produced from different cultivars. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17(2):191-202.
- Wicklund, T., Rosenfeld, H.J., Martinsen, B.K., Sundfør, M.W., Lea, P., Bruun, T., Blomhoff, R., Haffner, K., 2005. Antioxidant capacity and colour of strawberry jam as influenced by cultivar and storage conditions. LWT-Food Science and Technology 38(4):387-391.
- Pathare, P.B., Opara, U.L., Al-Said, F.A.J., 2013. Colour measurement and analysis in fresh and processed foods: a review. Food and Bioprocess Technology 6(1):36-60.
- Naknaen, P., Itthisoponkul, T., 2015. Characteristics of cantaloupe jams as affected by substitution of sucrose with xylitol. International Journal of Fruit Science 15(4):442-455.
- Ozcan-Sinir, G., Ozkan-Karabacak, A., Tamer, C.E., Copur, O.U., 2018. The effect of hot air, vacuum and microwave drying on drying characteristics, rehydration capacity, color, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Kumquat (Citrus japonica). Food Science and Technology 39:475-484.
- Rubio‐Arraez, S., Sahuquillo, S., Capella, J.V., Ortolá, M.D., Castelló, M.L., 2015. Influence of healthy sweeteners (tagatose and oligofructose) on the physicochemical characteristics of orange marmalade. Journal of Texture Studies 46(4):272-280.
- Öztürk, Ş., 2023. Rebaudiosit A kullanılarak düşük şekerli portakal marmelatı üretimi ve duyusal özellikleri. Akademik Gıda 21(1):57-69.
- Dönmez, I., Özer, H., Gülser, C., 2016. Bazı bölgesel organik atıkların topraksız tarımda (torba kültürü) kullanılabilme imkânlarının belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 31(2):171-178.
- Rubio-Arraez, S., Capella, J.V., Ortolá, M.D., Castelló, M.L., 2016. Effect of replacing sucrose with tagatose and isomaltulose in Mandarin orange marmalade on rheology, colour, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties. Acta Alimentaria 45(3):406-415.
- Güzel, E.K., Kaya, C., Yücel, E.E., Bayram, M., 2021. Determination of some properties of jam and marmalade produced from different blueberry varieties (Vaccinum sp.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 9(5):937-945.
- Sicari, V., Pellicanò, T.M., Laganà, V., Poiana, M., 2018. Use of orange by‐products (dry peel) as an alternative gelling agent for marmalade production: Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibition of HMF formation during different storage temperature. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 42(2):e13429.
- Ünlütürk, A., Turantaş, F., 1996. Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi Uygulamaları. Ege Meslek Yüksekokulu, Yayın No:19, İzmir.
- Karaçalı, İ., 2002. Meyve ve Sebze Değerlendirme. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No:19/4, İzmir, 263 s.