1. Titles in Turkish and the other foreign languages must be compatible with the scope of the article, and be short, clear and adequate.

2. Turkish and English abstracts must be added into the articles just below the title. Abstracts must reflect the purpose, scope and outcomes of the writing. Turkish and English abstracts must be added into the Turkish articles; meanwhile, English and Turkish abstracts must also be added into the English articles.

3. The articles should be in accordance with the grammar rules in terms of language and expression. For spelling and punctuation, the dictionary of spelling by the Turkish Language Association will be used as a source. The concepts of Islamic economics and law, and the names of individuals and works should be written on the basis of the use of the Islamic Encyclopedia of Islamic Foundation of Turkey (DİA) or the writing rules.

4.  The known scientific methods must be used in preparation of the articles; the subject, purpose, scope and reason for the preparation of the study must be given in a satisfying and certain order. Figures, tables, photographs and the other documents used in the article must be prepared in accordance with the scientific rules, be selected according to the purpose and scope of the article.

5. There must be a simple and sufficient explanation that can be easily understood under the figures, tables, pictures and other documents used in the article.

6. There must be a bibliography at the end of the study in accordance with the system of reference presentation. The references used in the work must be arranged in accordance with the writing rules; they must also be added to the bibliography at the end of the study in accordance with the system of reference presentation.

7. The results must be in accordance with the purpose and scope of the study, must be given with all of its outlines and in summary.

8. The articles should be written in Microsoft Office Word program with a paper size of 16x24 and a “Book Antiqua” style “11 point” and “Full: 14.5 nk” line spacing. The articles are printed on one side of the paper in a size of 12x19 cm. The margins should be 2.7cm from the top, 2.3cm below, 2cm from the inside edge and 2cm from the outside edge. In addition, a space of 2 lines from the top should be left on the first page.

9. Abstracts must be about 150-200 words, and written leaving 12 pt. space after the author names. They must be written leftward in 9 pt with “Book Antiqua”; the keywords (at least 5 and at most 7 expressions) and JEL codes should be given below the abstract.

10. The name of the article is written with bold 12 pt on the first page and the page should be centered. Under the Turkish title, the English title must be in italic-bold with 12 points and the first letters should be large and the others small. If the article is in English, a Turkish title should be added to the bottom. The line spacing after the main headings is 23 points. Headings in the text should be preceded by 12 nk and followed by 6 nk.

11. After the title, the author name (s) should be written by giving 12 pt. space to rightward in the way of untitled, italic and bold. The title, institution and e-mail address are specified as footnotes.

12. Footnotes should be written in 9 pt with “Book Antiqua” style.

13. If the study was carried out with support of any institution; name of the institution should be indicated as a footnote on the first page.

14. The length of the articles sent to the journal should not exceed 30 pages and 7000 words. If the size of the text exceeds this limit, the editor may ask for shortening. Figures, tables and photographs should be prepared in a digital platform and placed so as not to exceed the page size in the text or at the end.

15. There will be 6 nk space between titles of the table, figure, photo and the table, photograph or figure below the titles. Table, figure and photo titles will be in bold, 1 cm from inside to right, with “Book Antiqua” writing style and 9 pt and “Table 1:” style. The records in the table will be written in the same format with 9 points. However, to ensure integrity of the Tables, Figures and Graphics, a 7 to 8 font style can also be used in extensive studies.

16. All tables and figures should be in the same format.  Mathematical equations should be numbered consecutively, the equation numbers should be written in parentheses at the right margin. 

17. References are shown in text according to the APA system. According to this, citations should be written in parentheses as the surname of the author, surnames if there is more than one author, the publication date of the work found in the reference, the number of pages cited or pages (Say and Krugman, 2012:15). If the referenced author has more than one work published in the same year, then small a, b, c, etc. should be used adjacent to the year (Friedman, 2014a), (Friedman, 2014b). Citation of the articles with more than one author in the text should be done as (Kotler vd., 2015:155). Detailed information can be found on the APA website (http://www. apastyle.org).

18. The reference list should be written as follows:

a) Single-authored article;

Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.

b) Two-authored article;

Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2011). The renewable energy consumption–growth nexus in Central America. Applied Energy, 88(1), 343-347. 

c) Three or more authored article;

Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q. M. A., Tiwari, A. K., & Leitão, N. C. (2013). Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 109-121. 

d) Internet – Article Published on the Internet Journal

Wade, L. (2000). International Business Management. Journal of Management, 12(2: 187-223. [Çevrimiçi kaynak]. http://www. texshare.edu7ovidweb/ovidweb.cgi [Erişim tarihi: 2 Mart 2017].

19. The reference format for the books is as follows:

a) Single-authored Book

Kotler, P. (2001). Marketing Management, Millenium Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 

b) Two-authored Book

Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidel, L.S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics, International Student Edition, 4th Edition, USA: Ally and Bacon, A Pearson Education Company.

c) Single-edited Book

Theberge, J. (Ed.). Economics of Trade and Development. New York: John Wiley. 

d) Two-edited Book

Stodgill, M. R. ve A. E. Coons (Ed.). (1957). Leader Behaviour:Its Description and Measurement. Colombus: Ohio State University. 

e) Articles inside an edited Book

Can, A. H. (2002). Bacasız Sektör Kültür Turizmi. K. Hayat (Ed.). Türkiye‟nin Turizm Sektörü. Ankara: Gazi Yayıncılık, 2002, 65-98.

20. Publications Presented at the Congress

Babahan, R. ve Davutoğlu, A. (2017). “Corruption in Auctions of LandUse Rights: Empirical Assessment of Seven Chinese Cities”, Second World Congress of Comparative Economics Abstract Book, March 25, 2017 / St. Petersbug-Russia.  

Publication Ethics

The publication process at Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is the basis of the improvement and dissemination of information objectively and respectfully. Therefore, the procedures in this process improve the quality of the studies. Peer-reviewed studies are the ones that support and materialize the scientific method. At this point, it is of utmost importance that all parties included in the publication process (authors, readers, and researchers, publishers, reviewers, and editors) comply with the standards of ethical considerations. Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences expects all parties to hold the following ethical responsibilities. iThenticate can be used for professional plagiarism detection and prevention.
The following ethical duties and responsibilities are written in light of the guidelines and policies made by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

The authors who submit their manuscripts to Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences are expected to comply with the following ethical responsibilities:
- Author(s) must submit original studies to the journal. If they utilize or use other studies, they must make the in-text and end-text references accurately and completely.
- People who have not contributed to the study at the intellectual level should not be indicated as the author.
- If the manuscripts submitted to be published are subject to conflicting interests or relations, these must be explained.
- During the review process of their manuscripts, the author(s) may be asked to supply raw data. In such a case, the author(s) should be ready to submit such data and information to the editorial board.
- Author(s) should document that they have the participants' consent and the necessary permissions related to the sharing and research/analysis of the data that are used.
- Author(s) bear the responsibility to inform the editor of the journal or publisher if they happen to notice a mistake in their study which is in early release or publication process and to cooperate with the editors during the correction or withdrawal process.
- Authors cannot submit their studies to multiple journals simultaneously. Each submission can be made only after the previous one is completed. A study published in another journal cannot be submitted to Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences.
- Author responsibilities are given in a study (e.g., adding an author, reordering of author names) cannot be changed if the review process has begun.

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

The editors of Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences should hold the following ethical responsibilities that are based on the guides "COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" published as open Access by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

General duties and responsibilities

Editors are responsible for each study published in the Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences. In this respect, the editors have the following roles and responsibilities:
- Making efforts to meet the demand for knowledge from readers and authors,
- Ensuring the continuous development of the journal,
- Managing the procedures aimed to improve the quality of the studies published in the journal,
- Supporting intellectual freedom,
- Ensuring academic integrity,
- Following the procedures without making concessions on intellectual property rights and ethical standards,
- Being transparent and clear in issues that require correction or explanation.

Relationships with readers

Editors must make decisions taking into consideration the knowledge, skills, and expectations of all readers, researchers, and practitioners that they need. Editors must also ensure that the published studies should contribute to the literature and be original. Moreover, they must take notice of the feedback received from readers, researchers, and practitioners and provide explanatory and informative feedback.

Relationships with Authors

Editors have the following duties and responsibilities in their relations with authors:
- Editors must make positive or negative decisions about the studies' importance, originality, validity, clarity in wording, and suitability with the journal's aims and objectives.
- Editors must take the studies that are within the scope of the publication into the pre-review process unless there are serious problems with the study.
- Editors must not ignore positive suggestions made by reviewers unless there are serious problems with the study.
- New editors, unless there are serious issues, must not change the previous editor's decisions about the studies.
- "Blind Review and Review Process" must be published and editors must prevent possible diversions from the defined processes.
- Editors must publish an "Author's Guide" that is comprehensive enough in answering queries by authors. This guide must be updated regularly.
- The authors should be provided with explanatory and informative feedback.

Relationships with Reviewers

Editors have the following duties and responsibilities in their relations with reviewers:
Editors must;
- Choose reviewers according to the subject of the study.
- Provide the information and guidance reviewers may need during the review process.
- Observe whether there are conflicting interests between reviewers and authors.
- Keep the identities of reviewers confidential in a blind review.
- Encourage the reviewers to review the manuscript in an unbiased, scientific, and objective tone.
- Evaluate reviewers regularly based on criteria like performance and timing.
- Develop practices and policies that increase the performance of reviewers.
- Take the necessary steps to update the reviewer pool dynamically.
- Prevent unkind and unscientific reviews.
- Make an effort to ensure the reviewer pool has a wide range.

Relationships with the Editorial Board

Editors must make sure that the members of the editorial board follow the procedures in accordance with the publication policies and guidelines, and must inform the members about the publication policies and developments. The editors must also train new members of the editorial board and provide the information they need.
Moreover, editors must;
- Ensure that the members of the editorial board review the manuscripts in an unbiased and independent manner.
- Select the new members of the editorial board from those who can contribute to the journal and are qualified enough.
- Send manuscripts for review based on the subject of expertise of the editorial board members.
- Regularly communicate with the editorial board.
- Arrange regular meetings with the editorial board for the development of publication policies and the journal.

Relationships with the Journal's Owner and Publisher

The relationship between the editors and publishers is based on the principle of the independence of editors.

Editorial and Blind Review Processes

Editors are obliged to comply with the policies of the "Blind Review and Review Process" stated in the journal's publication policies. Therefore, the editors ensure that each manuscript is reviewed in an unbiased, fair, and timely manner.

Quality Assurance

Editors must make sure that articles in the journal are published in accordance with the publication policies of the journal and international standards.

Protection of Personal Information

Editors are supposed to protect the personal information related to the subjects or visuals in the studies being reviewed and to reject the study if there is no documentation of the subjects' consent. Furthermore, editors are supposed to protect the personal information of the authors, reviewers, and readers.

Encouraging Ethical Rules and the Protection of Human and Animal Rights

Editors are supposed to protect human and animal rights in the studies being reviewed and must reject the experimental studies which do not have ethical and related committee’s approval about the population given in such studies.

Precautions against possible Abuse and Malpractice

Editors are supposed to take precautions against possible abuse and malpractice. They must conduct investigations meticulously and objectively in determining and evaluating complaints about such situations. They must also share the results of the investigation.

Ensuring Academic Integrity

Editors must make sure that the mistakes, inconsistencies, or misdirections in studies are corrected quickly.

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Editors are responsible for protecting the intellectual property rights of all the articles published in the journal and the rights of the journal and author(s) in cases where these rights are violated. Also, editors must take the necessary precautions in order to prevent the content of all published articles from violating the intellectual property rights of other publications.

Constructiveness and Openness to Discussion

Editors must;
- Pay attention to the convincing criticism about studies published in the journal and must have a constructive attitude towards such criticism.
- Grant the right of reply to the author(s) of the criticized study.
- Not ignore or exclude the study that includes negative results.

Complaints

Editors must examine the complaints from authors, reviewers, or readers and respond to them in an explanatory and enlightening manner.

Political and Economic Apprehensions

Neither the owner of the journal, publisher, or any other political or economical factor can influence the independent decision making of the editors.

Conflicting Interests

Editors, acknowledging that there may be conflicting interests between reviewers and other editors, guarantee that the publication process of the manuscripts will be completed in an independent and unbiased manner.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers

The fact that all manuscripts are reviewed through “Blind Review” has a direct influence on the publication quality. This process ensures confidentiality by an objective and independent review. The review process at Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is carried out on the principle of double-blind review. Reviewers do not contact the authors directly, and the reviews and comments are conveyed through the journal management system. In this process, the reviewer comments on the evaluation forms, and full texts are assigned to the author(s) by the editor. In this context, the reviewers doing review work for Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences are supposed to bear the following ethical responsibilities:
Reviewers must;
- Agree to review only in their subject of expertise.
- Review in an unbiased and confidential manner.
- Inform the editor of the journal if they think that they encounter a conflict of interest and decline to review the manuscript during the review process.
- Dispose of the manuscripts they have reviewed in accordance with the principle of confidentiality after the review process. Reviewers can use the final versions of the manuscripts they have reviewed only after publication.
- Review the manuscript objectively and only in terms of its content and ensure that nationality, gender, religious and political beliefs, and economic apprehension do not influence the review.
- Review the manuscript in a constructive and kind tone, avoid making personal comments including hostility, slander, and insult.
- Review the manuscript they have agreed to review on time and in accordance with the ethical rules stated above.

Ethical Responsibilities of Publisher

Bingol University, the publisher of Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, is a non-profit foundation university. Therefore, the Board of Bingol University is conscious of the fact that they must observe the ethical responsibilities below and act accordingly:
• Editors are responsible for all the processes that the manuscripts submitted to the Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences will go through. Within this framework, ignoring the economic or political interests, the decision-makers are the editors.
• The publisher undertakes to have an independent editorial decision made.
• The publisher bears all the responsibility to take precautions against scientific abuse, fraud, and plagiarism.

Unethical Behavior

Should you encounter any unethical act or content in Bingol University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences apart from the ethical responsibilities listed above, please notify the journal by e-mail at biibfad@bingol.edu.tr

Publication Policy

- Bingöl University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a refereed, international and free journal.
- Bingöl University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is published twice a year, in December and August, respectively. The new issue is uploaded to the website of the journal in DergiPark platform at the end of the relevant month.
- Bingöl University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a journal that has adopted the Open Access policy. Therefore, articles published in the journal can be freely accessed, read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed and linked to full texts, and used for any legal purpose, on condition that they are cited.
- The articles sent to the journal are firstly examined by a prior review in terms of form and content. Studies that are not suitable are rejected at the editorial stage. Articles that are accepted as appropriate are submitted to the editorial board for appointing referee. However, for the articles submitted to the journal, there is no guarantee that they will be included in the refereeing process, and there is absolutely no certain date for the review process of the articles.
- Articles submitted to the journal are sent to at least two referees related to the field of the article for evaluation. If one of the referee report is positive and another is negative, the publication decision is made by the journal editors. If deemed necessary, the article can be sent to a third referee for evaluation.
- At least one year must pass before a second article of the same author can be published.