Development of a pH-Sensitive Chitosan–Anthocyanin Smart Film and Applicability to Various Perishable Foods

Abstract

This study reports the development of a pH-sensitive smart film based on chitosan incorporated with pressurized liquid extraction-derived anthocyanins from blackcurrant pomace. The formulation was optimized using Response Surface Methodology with a Central Composite Design, and the optimized film was evaluated across a wide pH range (1–11). Color responses (ΔE), calculated from L*, a*, b* values, were modelled using quadratic regression (R²=0.91). The pH–ΔE model was applied to literature-reported spoilage pH ranges of perishable foods, enabling predictive color transitions. These findings reveal that the developed chitosan–anthocyanin film can serve as a versatile smart label for freshness monitoring and that the mathematical model can be adapted to mobile applications, enabling consumer-oriented digital freshness assessment.

Keywords

• Chitosan film
• anthocyanin
• intelligent packaging
• pH sensitivity

Antosiyanin–Kitosan Tabanlı Akıllı Film Geliştirilmesi ve Çabuk Bozulabilen Gıdalara Uygulanabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada siyah frenk üzümü posasından basınçlı sıvı ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilen antosiyaninlerin kitosan matriksine entegre edilmesiyle pH-duyarlı akıllı bir film geliştirilmiş ve bileşimi RSM tabanlı Merkezi Kompozit Tasarım ile optimize edilmiştir. Optimum film 1–11 pH aralığında test edilmiş, L*, a*, b* değerlerinden hesaplanan ΔE ikinci dereceden regresyon ile modellenmiştir (R²=0.91). Model, çabuk bozulabilen gıdaların literatürde belirtilen tazelik/bozulma pH aralıklarına uygulanmış ve renk geçişlerinin tahmini yapılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, geliştirilen filmin çok çeşitli bozulabilir gıdalar için ayarlanabilir bir akıllı etiket bileşeni olarak kullanılabileceğini ve oluşturulan matematiksel modelin mobil uygulamalara entegre edilerek tüketiciye sayısal tazelik değerlendirmesi sunma potansiyeli taşıdığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Kitosan film
• antosiyanin
• akıllı ambalaj
• pH duyarlılığı

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