PARAMILITARISATION OF THE POLICE AND POLICING: EFFECTS OF POLICE VIOLENCE ON 2021 PROTESTS IN COLOMBIA

Abstract

In April 2021, the health system reform and tax regulation announced in Colombia to alleviate the effects of the Covid-19 epidemic caused thousands of people to take to the streets. In the face of the protests, the government deployed the police and the national army units to maintain public order. However, the problem of targeting civilians by the security forces re-emerged during the protests and caused the demonstrations to grow to a larger scale. This study analyzes the emergence, increasing continuation and causes of the ongoing protest actions in Colombia. Accordingly, the study argues that the chronic extreme violence the security forces perpetrated in Colombia, primarily targeting civilians, triggered the emergence of these protests and caused more activists to join the government. The study discusses the consequences of the paramilitarisation of Colombian police for the protests and society. To this end, in this study, an analysis of the possible course of the ongoing protests and violent acts is presented, which will be placed in the historical context of the 2021 protests, based on the news in the Colombian media and the observations of international organizations. The study contributes to understanding the culture of social movements prevalent in Latin America, the current Colombian politics, and the literature on political violence.

Keywords

• Colombia
• Social Movements
• Political Violence
• Paramilitary Policing
• Police Reform.

POLİS TEŞKİLATI VE ROLÜNÜN PARAMİLİTARİZASYONU: KOLOMBİYA’DA POLİS ŞİDDETİNİN 2021 PROTESTOLARINA ETKİLERİ

Abstract

Nisan 2021’de, Kolombiya’da, Covid-19 salgınının etkilerini hafifletmek amacıyla açıklanan sağlık sistemi reformu ve vergi düzenlemesi binlerce kişinin protestolara başlamasına neden olmuştur. Protestolar karşısında, hükümet, önce polis daha sonra ulusal ordu birliklerini kamusal düzeni sağlamak üzere görevlendirmiştir. Ancak, sivil vatandaşların güvenlik güçleri tarafından hedef alınması sorunu protestolar sırasında da gözlemlenmiş ve gösterilerin daha da büyümesine neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma, Kolombiya’da süregiden protesto eylemlerinin ortaya çıkışını, artarak devam etmesini ve bunların nedenlerini incelemektedir. Buna göre, çalışmada, Kolombiya’da güvenlik güçlerinin, en başta sivilleri hedef alan kronikleşmiş aşırı şiddet eylemlerinin, hem söz konusu protestoların ortaya çıkmasını tetiklediğini hem de daha çok eylemcinin hükümet karşıtı protestolara katılmalarına neden olduğunu savunulmaktadır. Çalışmada, Kolombiya’da polis teşkilatının paramiliterleşmesinin protestolar ve toplum nezdindeki sonuçları tartışılmaktadır. 2021 Protestoları, bu çalışmada, Kolombiya medyasında yer alan haberlere ve uluslararası örgütlerin gözlemlerine dayanan kaynaklar üzerinden tarihsel bağlamına konumlandırılmakta ve devam eden protesto ve şiddet eylemlerinin muhtemel seyrine dair bir analiz ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu şekilde, Latin Amerika’da yaygın olan toplumsal hareketler kültürünün, mevcut Kolombiya siyasetinin anlaşılmasına ve aynı zamanda siyasal şiddet literatürüne bu şekilde katkı sunulmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kolombiya
• Toplumsal Hareketler
• Siyasal Şiddet
• Paramiliter Polislik
• Polis Reformu

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