Research Article
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An Investigation of the Relationships between School Structure and Preschool Bullying

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 857 - 873, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.875930

Abstract

Individual (age group of children) and school-related variables (school type, class size, and the number of male and female students in the class) in preschool bullying were explored in this current investigation. More specifically, this study examined physical/relational and verbal types of peer bullying in preschool period by testing the differences regarding school type and age group of children. The predicting roles of class size and the number of female and male students in the class considering the physical/relational and relational bullying behaviors were also investigated in this study. The sample of this quantitative research design study was composed of 529 pre-school teachers working at private or public schools in X and X. The Preschool Peer Bullying Scale: Teacher Form was the data collection instrument in this research. One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance-MANOVA and multiple regression analyses were used as statistical procedures to analyze the data. Research findings showed that physical/relational bullying behaviors were prevalent at public schools compared to private schools, but the school type did not make a significant difference in verbal bullying. While the age group of the children did not make significant difference in physical/relational bullying behaviors, 49-60 and 61-72 month groups of children had significantly more verbal bullying behaviors compared to the children in the 36-48 month group. In addition, the class size, the number of female and male students in the class did not make a significant difference in physical/relational and verbal bullying behaviors. The findings were discussed in the light of the existing literature.

References

  • Akduman, G. G. (2012). Okul öncesi dönemde akran zorbalığının incelenmesi. Journal of Society & Social Work, 23(1), 121-137.
  • Akyol, A. K., & Bilbay, A. (2018). Ergenlerin akran zorbalığı yapmaları, zorbalığa maruz kalmaları ve empatik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi,Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 7(2), 667-675.
  • Ayas, T., & Pişkin, M. (2011). Investigation of bullying among high school students with regard to sex, grade level and school type. Elementary Education Online, 10(2), 550-568.
  • Başturan, C., & Görgü, E. (2020). Öğretmenlerin mesleki sorun tanımları: okul öncesi öğretmenleri bağlamında bir değerlendirme. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 34(1), 79-98.
  • Besnili Z. N. (2019). Okul Öncesi Akran Zorbalığı Ölçeği Öğretmen Formu: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Gaziantep.
  • Bistrong, E., Bradshaw, C., & Morin, H. (2016). Understanding bullying among preschool-aged children. In O. N. Saracho (Ed.), Contemporary perspectives on research on bullying and victimization in early childhood education (61-86). Charlotte: IAP.
  • Crick, N., Casas, J. & Ku, H. (1999). Relational and physical forms of peer victimization in preschool. Developmental Psychology. 35(2), 376.
  • Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Developmental psychology, 33(4), 579-588. doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.579.
  • Çarkıt, E., & Bacanlı, F. (2020) Okullarda akran zorbalığı: Öğretmen görüşlerine göre nitel bir çalışma1. International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2545-2583. doi: 10.26466/opus.644848
  • Çelenk, T. E. A., & Yıldızlar, O. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı ve mağduriyetinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248X.201912150
  • Çolak, R. (2020). Ortaokul öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığının demografik değişkenlere göre yordanması. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Kıbrıs.
  • Gülay, H. (2009). Okul öncesi dönemde akran ilişkiler. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(22), 82-93.
  • Frisen, A., Jonsson, A. K., & Persson, C. (2007). Adolescents' perception of bullying: Who is the victim? Who is the bully? What can be done to stop bullying? Adolescence, 42(168), 749-761.
  • Hanish, L. D., Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., Fabes, R. A., Martin, C. L., & Denning, D. (2004). Bullying among young children: The influence of peers and teachers. In D. L. Espelage, & S. M. Swearer (Ed.), Bullying in American Schools: A Social-Ecological Perspective on Prevention and Intervention (pp. 141-160). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  • Henington, C., Hughes, J. N., Cavell, T. A., & Thompson, B. (1998). The role of relational aggression in identifying aggressive boys and girls. Journal of School Psychology, 36(4), 457-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(98)00015-6
  • Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2011). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin sanal zorba ve mağdur olma düzeylerinin okul türü ve cinsiyet açisindan incelenmesi. Journal of Educational Sciences & Practices, 10(20), 139-159.
  • Humphrey, G., & Crisp, B. R. (2008). Bullying affects us too: Parental responses to bullying at kindergarten. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 33(1), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693910803300108
  • Jan, A., & Husain, S. (2015). Bullying in elementary schools: Its causes and effects on students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 43-56.
  • Kandemir-Özdinç, N. (2019). Sibling bullying and peer bullying relations to empathy, moral disengagement, problem solving and parental acceptance-rejection (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kirves, L., & Sajaniemi, N. (2012). Bullying in early educational settings. Early Child Development and Care, 182(3-4), 383-400.
  • Kochenderfer‐Ladd, B., & Wardrop, J. L. (2001). Chronicity and instability of children's peer victimization experiences as predictors of loneliness and social satisfaction trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 134-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00270.
  • Koçer, N. K. & Akduman, G. G. (2019). Examination of peer bullying during (bully-victim-passive bully) preschool period. Educational Research International, 8(4), 1-10.
  • Kokkinos, C. M., & Panayiotou, G. (2004). Predicting bullying and victimization among early adolescents: Associations with disruptive behavior disorders. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 30(6), 520-533. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20055
  • Ladd, G. W., Kochenderfer, B. J., & Coleman, C. C. (1996). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children's early school adjustment. Child development, 67(3), 1103-1118.
  • Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., White, H. R., … & Beyers, J. M. (2003). The development of male offending. In T. P. Thornberry, & M. D. Krohn (Ed.), Taking Stock of Delinquency (pp. 93-136). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Monks, C. P., Palermiti, A., Ortega, R., & Costabile, A. (2011). Peer-victimisation in preschools: a cross-national comparison of England, Spain and Italy. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 129-140.
  • Nurlia, A., & Suardiman, S. P. (2020). The phenomenon of bullying in junior high school students nowadays. International Journal of Education and Learning, 2(1), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijele.v2i1.62.
  • Olweus, D. (1988). Bullying in the schools: How educators can help. The Education Digest, 53(7), 30.
  • Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 35(7), 1171-1190.
  • Q’Moore, A.M. , Kirkham C. & Smith M.(1997) Bullying behaviour in Irish schools: A nationwide study. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 141-169. DOI: 10.1080/03033910.1997.10558137.
  • O’Moore, M., & Kirkham, C. (2001). Self‐esteem and its relationship to bullying behaviour. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 27(4), 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.1010.
  • Perren, S. (2000). Kindergarten children involved in bullying: Social behavior, peer relationships, and social status (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Berne, Switzerland.
  • Rigby, K. (2005). Bullying in schools and the mental health of children. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 15(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.2.195.
  • Rys, G. S., & Bear, G. G. (1997). Relational aggression and peer relations: Gender and developmental issues. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 87-106.
  • Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 22(1), 1-15.
  • Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32(3), 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20128.
  • Smith, P. K., & Ananiadou, K. (2003). The nature of school bullying and the effectiveness of school-based interventions. Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 5(2), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022991804210.
  • Stefanek, E., Strohmeier, D., van de Schoot, R., & Spiel, C. (2011). Bullying and victimization in ethnically diverse schools: Risk and protective factors on the individual and class level. International Journal of Developmental Science, 5(1-2), 73-84. doi:73-84. 10.3233/DEV-2011-11073.
  • Süslü, D. P., & Oktay, A. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinde siber zorbalik ve siber mağduriyetle ilişkili bazı değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Elementary Education Online, 17(4), 1877-1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.17051/io.2015.85927.
  • Tanrikulu, I. (2018). Teacher reports on early childhood bullying: how often, who, what, when and where. Early Child Development and Care, 190(4), 489-501. doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1479404.
  • Thorne, B. (1993). Gender play: Girls and boys in school. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
  • Topçu, Ç., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Çapa-Aydin, Y. (2008). Examination of cyberbullying experiences among Turkish students from different school types. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(6), 643-648. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0161.
  • Uluyurt, F. (2012). Bazı değişkenlere göre okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 5-6 yaş grubu çocuklarının akran ilişkileri (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
  • Vlachou, M., Andreou, E., Botsoglou, K., & Didaskalou, E. (2011). Bully/victim problems among preschool children: A review of current research evidence. Educational Psychology Review, 23(3), 329-358. doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9153-z.
  • Volchegorskaya, E., Zhukova, M., Frolova, E., Shishkina, K., & Kalugina, E. (2020). Self-evaluation of individual dignity as a predictor of bullying among primary school children. Revista Espacios, 41(04), 13.
  • Yörük, M. (2016). 3-6 yaş çocuklarının zorbalık davranışları ve zorbalığa maruz kalma durumlarının incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Burdur.
  • Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools. Educational research, 35(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188930350101.

Okul Öncesi Dönemde Akran Zorbalığı ve Okul Yapısı ile İlgili Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 857 - 873, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.875930

Abstract

Bireysel (çocukların yaş grupları) ve okulla ilgili değişkenler (okul türü, sınıf mevcudu, sınıftaki kız ve erkek öğrenci sayıları) okul öncesi akran zorbalığı davranışları kapsamında bu araştırma tarafından ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma özelinde, okul öncesi dönemde akran zorbalığının fiziksel/ilişkisel ve sözlü zorbalık türlerine yönelik olarak okul türü ve öğrencilerin yaş grubuna göre farkları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sınıf mevcudu ile sınıftaki kız ve erkek öğrenci sayılarının okul öncesi dönemde görülen akran zorbalığının fiziksel/ilişkisel ve sözlü zorbalık türlerini yordayıcılığı da bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Nicel araştırma desenine sahip olan bu çalışmanın örneklemini X ve X’te devlet okullarında veya özel okullarda çalışan 529 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Okul Öncesi Akran Zorbalığı Ölçeği: Öğretmen Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Tek Yönlü Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi (One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance-MANOVA) ve çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda fiziksel/ilişkisel zorbalık davranışlarının özel okullara kıyasla devlet okullarında daha fazla görüldüğü ancak okul türünün sözel zorbalık davranışlarında anlamlı bir farklılık yaratmadığı bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin yaş grubu, fiziksel/ilişkisel zorbalık davranışlarında anlamlı bir fark yaratmazken, 49-60 ve 61-72 ay grubundaki çocukların 36-48 ay grubundaki çocuklara kıyasla anlamlı şekilde daha fazla sözlü zorbalık davranışlarında bulundukları ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre toplam sınıf mevcudunun, sınıftaki kız öğrenci ve sınıftaki erkek öğrenci sayılarının fiziksel/ilişkisel ve sözlü zorbalık davranışlarına yönelik anlamlı bir fark yaratmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, okul öncesi dönemde akran zorbalığına yönelik güncel alanyazın dikkate alınarak tartılmıştır.

References

  • Akduman, G. G. (2012). Okul öncesi dönemde akran zorbalığının incelenmesi. Journal of Society & Social Work, 23(1), 121-137.
  • Akyol, A. K., & Bilbay, A. (2018). Ergenlerin akran zorbalığı yapmaları, zorbalığa maruz kalmaları ve empatik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi,Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 7(2), 667-675.
  • Ayas, T., & Pişkin, M. (2011). Investigation of bullying among high school students with regard to sex, grade level and school type. Elementary Education Online, 10(2), 550-568.
  • Başturan, C., & Görgü, E. (2020). Öğretmenlerin mesleki sorun tanımları: okul öncesi öğretmenleri bağlamında bir değerlendirme. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 34(1), 79-98.
  • Besnili Z. N. (2019). Okul Öncesi Akran Zorbalığı Ölçeği Öğretmen Formu: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Gaziantep.
  • Bistrong, E., Bradshaw, C., & Morin, H. (2016). Understanding bullying among preschool-aged children. In O. N. Saracho (Ed.), Contemporary perspectives on research on bullying and victimization in early childhood education (61-86). Charlotte: IAP.
  • Crick, N., Casas, J. & Ku, H. (1999). Relational and physical forms of peer victimization in preschool. Developmental Psychology. 35(2), 376.
  • Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Developmental psychology, 33(4), 579-588. doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.579.
  • Çarkıt, E., & Bacanlı, F. (2020) Okullarda akran zorbalığı: Öğretmen görüşlerine göre nitel bir çalışma1. International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2545-2583. doi: 10.26466/opus.644848
  • Çelenk, T. E. A., & Yıldızlar, O. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı ve mağduriyetinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248X.201912150
  • Çolak, R. (2020). Ortaokul öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığının demografik değişkenlere göre yordanması. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Kıbrıs.
  • Gülay, H. (2009). Okul öncesi dönemde akran ilişkiler. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(22), 82-93.
  • Frisen, A., Jonsson, A. K., & Persson, C. (2007). Adolescents' perception of bullying: Who is the victim? Who is the bully? What can be done to stop bullying? Adolescence, 42(168), 749-761.
  • Hanish, L. D., Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., Fabes, R. A., Martin, C. L., & Denning, D. (2004). Bullying among young children: The influence of peers and teachers. In D. L. Espelage, & S. M. Swearer (Ed.), Bullying in American Schools: A Social-Ecological Perspective on Prevention and Intervention (pp. 141-160). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  • Henington, C., Hughes, J. N., Cavell, T. A., & Thompson, B. (1998). The role of relational aggression in identifying aggressive boys and girls. Journal of School Psychology, 36(4), 457-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(98)00015-6
  • Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2011). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin sanal zorba ve mağdur olma düzeylerinin okul türü ve cinsiyet açisindan incelenmesi. Journal of Educational Sciences & Practices, 10(20), 139-159.
  • Humphrey, G., & Crisp, B. R. (2008). Bullying affects us too: Parental responses to bullying at kindergarten. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 33(1), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693910803300108
  • Jan, A., & Husain, S. (2015). Bullying in elementary schools: Its causes and effects on students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 43-56.
  • Kandemir-Özdinç, N. (2019). Sibling bullying and peer bullying relations to empathy, moral disengagement, problem solving and parental acceptance-rejection (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kirves, L., & Sajaniemi, N. (2012). Bullying in early educational settings. Early Child Development and Care, 182(3-4), 383-400.
  • Kochenderfer‐Ladd, B., & Wardrop, J. L. (2001). Chronicity and instability of children's peer victimization experiences as predictors of loneliness and social satisfaction trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 134-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00270.
  • Koçer, N. K. & Akduman, G. G. (2019). Examination of peer bullying during (bully-victim-passive bully) preschool period. Educational Research International, 8(4), 1-10.
  • Kokkinos, C. M., & Panayiotou, G. (2004). Predicting bullying and victimization among early adolescents: Associations with disruptive behavior disorders. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 30(6), 520-533. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20055
  • Ladd, G. W., Kochenderfer, B. J., & Coleman, C. C. (1996). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children's early school adjustment. Child development, 67(3), 1103-1118.
  • Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., White, H. R., … & Beyers, J. M. (2003). The development of male offending. In T. P. Thornberry, & M. D. Krohn (Ed.), Taking Stock of Delinquency (pp. 93-136). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Monks, C. P., Palermiti, A., Ortega, R., & Costabile, A. (2011). Peer-victimisation in preschools: a cross-national comparison of England, Spain and Italy. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 129-140.
  • Nurlia, A., & Suardiman, S. P. (2020). The phenomenon of bullying in junior high school students nowadays. International Journal of Education and Learning, 2(1), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijele.v2i1.62.
  • Olweus, D. (1988). Bullying in the schools: How educators can help. The Education Digest, 53(7), 30.
  • Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 35(7), 1171-1190.
  • Q’Moore, A.M. , Kirkham C. & Smith M.(1997) Bullying behaviour in Irish schools: A nationwide study. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 141-169. DOI: 10.1080/03033910.1997.10558137.
  • O’Moore, M., & Kirkham, C. (2001). Self‐esteem and its relationship to bullying behaviour. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 27(4), 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.1010.
  • Perren, S. (2000). Kindergarten children involved in bullying: Social behavior, peer relationships, and social status (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Berne, Switzerland.
  • Rigby, K. (2005). Bullying in schools and the mental health of children. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 15(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.2.195.
  • Rys, G. S., & Bear, G. G. (1997). Relational aggression and peer relations: Gender and developmental issues. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 87-106.
  • Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 22(1), 1-15.
  • Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32(3), 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20128.
  • Smith, P. K., & Ananiadou, K. (2003). The nature of school bullying and the effectiveness of school-based interventions. Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 5(2), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022991804210.
  • Stefanek, E., Strohmeier, D., van de Schoot, R., & Spiel, C. (2011). Bullying and victimization in ethnically diverse schools: Risk and protective factors on the individual and class level. International Journal of Developmental Science, 5(1-2), 73-84. doi:73-84. 10.3233/DEV-2011-11073.
  • Süslü, D. P., & Oktay, A. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinde siber zorbalik ve siber mağduriyetle ilişkili bazı değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Elementary Education Online, 17(4), 1877-1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.17051/io.2015.85927.
  • Tanrikulu, I. (2018). Teacher reports on early childhood bullying: how often, who, what, when and where. Early Child Development and Care, 190(4), 489-501. doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1479404.
  • Thorne, B. (1993). Gender play: Girls and boys in school. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
  • Topçu, Ç., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Çapa-Aydin, Y. (2008). Examination of cyberbullying experiences among Turkish students from different school types. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(6), 643-648. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0161.
  • Uluyurt, F. (2012). Bazı değişkenlere göre okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 5-6 yaş grubu çocuklarının akran ilişkileri (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
  • Vlachou, M., Andreou, E., Botsoglou, K., & Didaskalou, E. (2011). Bully/victim problems among preschool children: A review of current research evidence. Educational Psychology Review, 23(3), 329-358. doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9153-z.
  • Volchegorskaya, E., Zhukova, M., Frolova, E., Shishkina, K., & Kalugina, E. (2020). Self-evaluation of individual dignity as a predictor of bullying among primary school children. Revista Espacios, 41(04), 13.
  • Yörük, M. (2016). 3-6 yaş çocuklarının zorbalık davranışları ve zorbalığa maruz kalma durumlarının incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Burdur.
  • Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools. Educational research, 35(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188930350101.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Tanrıkulu 0000-0001-9117-8047

Nasibe Kandemir Özdinç 0000-0003-2864-242X

Zeynep Nur Besnili This is me 0000-0002-7680-3673

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date May 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tanrıkulu, İ., Kandemir Özdinç, N., & Besnili, Z. N. (2021). Okul Öncesi Dönemde Akran Zorbalığı ve Okul Yapısı ile İlgili Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3), 857-873. https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.875930