VARIATION COMPARISON OF THEORETICALLY PREPARED DIETS TO THE DIETS PRACTICALLY SERVED TO CATTLE USING SIX SIGMA METHODS; 2-INVESTIGATION OF NUTRIENT VARIATIONS IN FEEDSTUFFS IN TMR RATIONS ONE EXAMPLE ON DAIRY FARM
Abstract
This research
was carried out in a large-scale dairy cattle breeding complex with about 1.500
milking capacities. Within the scope of the study, changes in the total mixture
ratios (TMR) due to nutrient variations in feedstuffs were examined. For this
purpose, it is aimed to investigate the effects of 14 different feedstuffs
(barley, sunflower seed meal, wheat bran, meadow, cotton seed whole, vetch
cereal hay, vetch cereal silage, brewer grain, corn grain, corn silage,
cottonseed meal, soybean meal, alfalfa, alfalfa silage) nutrient analyzes were
carried out. At different times and in different numbers (302 in total) from
each feed raw material, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF),
crude ash (CA), acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent fiber (ADF),
neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid and neutral detergent insoluble protein
(ADICP, NDICP) analyzes were performed. The obtained data were analyzed through
six sigma approach. As a result, it was determined that during the trial (6
months), each raw material varied in levels important in nutritional value
within itself. Based on these changes, it has been found that the nutrient
content of TMR mixtures is also significantly affected. For this reason, the
raw materials used in the rations must be analyzed periodically, raw materials
should be placed in storage considering the nutrient values and possible
variations should be considered when TMR analyzes are being conducted.
Keywords
References
- 1. Işığıçok E. Altı Sigma Karakuşaklar İçin Hipotez Testleri Yol Haritası (Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı), Marmara Kitapevi, Bursa 2011:108-109
- 2. Yalçın S, Şehu A. Rasyon, Hayvan Beslenme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları (geliştirilmiş 5. Baskı), Pozitif, Ankara, 2011; s:699
- 3. Deniz S, Rasyon Hazırlama, Rasyon, Hayvan Beslenme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları, Medipres Matbacılık, Malatya, 2008; s:461
- 4. California Deparment of Food and Agriculture, “California Cost Of Milk Production 2015 Annual”, CFDA, Sacramento, 2016: p 7–14
- 5. Friggens N, Emmans GC, Robertson S, Chamberlain DG, Whittemore CT, Oldham JD. The lactational responses of dairy cows to amount of feed and to the source of carbohydrate Energy, J. Dairy Sci 1995;78:1734–1744
- 6. Stone B. Reducing the variation between formulated and consumed rations, WCDS Adv. in Dairy Technol 2008;20:145–162.
- 7. Weiss WP, Shoemaker D, McBeth L, Yoder P, St-Pierre NR. Within farm variation in nutrient composition of feeds, Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne, IN, pages 103-117 117 in Proc, 2012, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- 8. Kutlu HR. Yem Değerlendirme ve Analiz Yöntemleri, Ders Notu, Adana, 2008:51
- 9. Protein (Crude) Determination in Animal Feed: Copper Catalyst Kjeldahl Method. (984.13) Official Methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition
- 10. Fat (Crude) or Ether Extract in Animal Feed. (920.29) Official Methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition
- 11. Ash of Animal Feed. (942.05) Official methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th Edition
- 12. Fiber (Acid Detergent) and Lignin in Animal Feed. (973.18) Official Methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition
- 13. Goering, H.K. and P.J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Handbook number 379 as modified by D.R. Mertens (1992, Personal Communication)
- 14. Goering, H.K. and P.J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 379
- 15. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 2001:13-25
- 16. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 2001
- 17. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, Seventh Edition:Update 2000, Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1996
TEORİDE HAZIRLANAN RASYONLARIN PRATİK UYGULAMADAKİ VARYASYONLARININ ALTI SİGMA METODOLOJİSİ İLE ARAŞTIRILMASI; 2-TMR RASYONLARINDA KULLANILAN YEM HAMMADDELERİNDEKİ BESİN MADDE DEĞİŞKENLİKLERİN BİR SÜT SIĞIRI ÇİFTLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİNDE İNCELENMESİ
Abstract
Bu araştırma,
yaklaşık 1.500 sağmal kapasiteye sahip büyük ölçekli bir süt sığırı çiftliğinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, yem hammaddelerindeki besin madde
değişkenlikleri ve bu değişkenliklerin örnek bir toplam karışım rasyonunda (TMR)
besin madde hesaplamalarındaki olası etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla,
TMR’lerde kullanılan 14 farklı yem hammaddesinin (arpa-ayçiçeği tohumu
küspesi-buğday kepeği-çayır otu-çiğit-fiğ hububat otu-fiğ hububat otu silajı-malt
posası-dane mısır-mısır silajı-pamuk tohumu küspesi-soya fasulyesi
küspesi-yonca-yonca silajı) besin madde yönünden kimyasal analizleri
yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yem hammaddelerinden, farklı zamanlarda ve sayılarda (toplam
302 adet) olmak üzere, kuru madde (KM),
ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK), asit deterjan lignin (ADL), asit
deterjan fiber (ADF), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF), asit deterjan ve nötral
deterjanda çözünmeyen protein (ADICP, NDICP) analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde
edilen veriler altı sigma yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak;
deneme süresince (6 ay) her bir hammaddenin kendi içerisinde, besin madde
değerleri bakımından önemli seviyelerde değişkenlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Bu değişimlere bağlı olarak, TMR’lerin besin madde hesaplamalarının önemli
derecede etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir.
Bu nedenle rasyonlarda kullanılan hammaddeler, belirli aralıklarla
analiz edilmeli, hammaddeler besin madde değerlerine göre işletmeye alınmalı ve
TMR çözümlemeleri yapılırken olası besin madde varyasyonları dikkate
alınmalıdır.
References
- 1. Işığıçok E. Altı Sigma Karakuşaklar İçin Hipotez Testleri Yol Haritası (Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı), Marmara Kitapevi, Bursa 2011:108-109
- 2. Yalçın S, Şehu A. Rasyon, Hayvan Beslenme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları (geliştirilmiş 5. Baskı), Pozitif, Ankara, 2011; s:699
- 3. Deniz S, Rasyon Hazırlama, Rasyon, Hayvan Beslenme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları, Medipres Matbacılık, Malatya, 2008; s:461
- 4. California Deparment of Food and Agriculture, “California Cost Of Milk Production 2015 Annual”, CFDA, Sacramento, 2016: p 7–14
- 5. Friggens N, Emmans GC, Robertson S, Chamberlain DG, Whittemore CT, Oldham JD. The lactational responses of dairy cows to amount of feed and to the source of carbohydrate Energy, J. Dairy Sci 1995;78:1734–1744
- 6. Stone B. Reducing the variation between formulated and consumed rations, WCDS Adv. in Dairy Technol 2008;20:145–162.
- 7. Weiss WP, Shoemaker D, McBeth L, Yoder P, St-Pierre NR. Within farm variation in nutrient composition of feeds, Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne, IN, pages 103-117 117 in Proc, 2012, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- 8. Kutlu HR. Yem Değerlendirme ve Analiz Yöntemleri, Ders Notu, Adana, 2008:51
- 9. Protein (Crude) Determination in Animal Feed: Copper Catalyst Kjeldahl Method. (984.13) Official Methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition
- 10. Fat (Crude) or Ether Extract in Animal Feed. (920.29) Official Methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition
- 11. Ash of Animal Feed. (942.05) Official methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th Edition
- 12. Fiber (Acid Detergent) and Lignin in Animal Feed. (973.18) Official Methods of Analysis. 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition
- 13. Goering, H.K. and P.J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Handbook number 379 as modified by D.R. Mertens (1992, Personal Communication)
- 14. Goering, H.K. and P.J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 379
- 15. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 2001:13-25
- 16. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 2001
- 17. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, Seventh Edition:Update 2000, Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1996
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2019 |
| Submission Date | September 18, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 28 Issue: 3 |