THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON OLIVE AND OLIVE OIL CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify the changes in olive and corresponding olive oil characteristics in response to irrigation. Five olive cultivars (Halhalı, Sarı ulak, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık and Karamani) from Turkish origin were harvested from their own traditional growing region (Mardin, Mersin, Gaziantep, Kilis and Hatay respectively) from  both irrigated and non-irrigated trees (rain-fed) for two consecutive crop years. Olives were processed to oil with a laboratory scale system. Olive fruits were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties and phenolic composition and olive oils were analysed for fatty acid, triacylglycerol and sterol composition. Results have shown that average weight, flesh/pit ratio of olives were lower and dry matter and oil content were higher in rain-fed trees than irrigated ones. Phenolic content and composition of fruits were cultivar dependent and responded differently to water supplement. Fatty acid composition of olive oils mainly remained unchanged, however the concentration of individual triacylglycerols behaved in distinct ways. Total sterol and β-sitosterol contents increased and decreased for various cultivars whereas Δ-5-avenasterol increased in all cases. Sarı ulak variety was well separated from other varieties by principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis both in rain-fed and irrigated treatments.

Keywords

• Irrigation,fatty acid,olive oil,phenolic,sterol,triacylglycerol

SULAMA İŞLEMİNİN ZEYTİN VE ZEYTİNYAĞININ ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı zeytin ve bu zeytinlerden elde edilen zeytinyağının özellikleri üzerine sulama işleminin etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada Türkiye orijinli 5 farklı zeytin çeşidi (Halhalı, Sarı ulak, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık and Karamani), ard arda gelen 2 hasat yılı boyunca, sulanmış ve sulanmamış (yağmur suyuyla beslenmiş) ağaçlardan, yetiştirildikleri bölgelerden (sırasıyla Mardin, Mersin, Gaziantep, Kilis ve Hatay) hasat edilmişlerdir. Zeytinler laboratuvar ölçekli bir sistem ile yağa işlenmişlerdir. Zeytin meyveleri fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri ve fenolik kompozisyonları yönünden, zeytinyağları ise yağ asidi, trigliserit ve sterol bileşimleri yönünden analiz edilmişlerdir. Sonuçlar sulama yapılmamış örneklerde sulanan örneklere göre, zeytin ortalama ağırlıkları ile et/çekirdek oranının daha düşük, kuru madde ve yağ içeriğinin ise daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Fenolik madde içeriği ve kompozisyonunun çeşide bağlı olduğu görülmüş ve sulama işlemi ile farklı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Zeytinyağlarının yağ asidi bileşimleri değişmemiştir, ancak her bir trigliserit konsantrasyonunda farklı değişiklikler gözlenmiştir. Toplam sterol ve β-sitosterol miktarlarında çeşitler arasında artış azalışlar gözlenmiş, ancak Δ-5-avenasterol miktarı tüm durumlarda artmıştır. Sarı ulak çeşidi sulama yapılmamış ve sulanmış diğer çeşitlerden temel bileşen ve hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi ile net bir şekilde ayrılmıştır.

Keywords

• Sulama,yağ asidi,zeytinyağı,fenolik,sterol,triaçilgliserol

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