SOLUTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SUSTAINABLE NUTRITION PRACTICES
Year 2021,
Volume: 46 Issue: 5, 1138 - 1157, 05.08.2021
Başak Can
,
Hatice Merve Bayram
,
Arda Ozturkcan
Abstract
Due to the increasing world population today, it is expected that humanity will face the danger of depletion of resources. One of the aims of "Sustainable Nutrition" is to transfer resources to future generations. At the beginning of what can be done for this, traditional nutrition models and eating habits; change with environmental and health-beneficial eating patterns and habits. Additionally, for sustainable nutrition, it is important to find alternative protein sources that nutritional contents are close to animal protein-based foods, accessible and acceptable by everyone. In recent years, the importance of this concept has increased in our country. This review aims to provide comprehensive information to increase the awareness of people about alternative protein sources that can be consumed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions effect in the coming centuries with nutrition models based on plant-based foods, which are the highest sustainability in terms of sustainable nutrition and environmental impact.
References
- Acet, D.B. (2017). Dietary pattern-induced greenhouse gas emission and water footprint estimations in Turkey. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Doğa ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Enstitüsü Dünya Sistem Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, Türkiye, 170 s.
- Aiking, H., de Boer, J. (2020). The next protein transition. Trends Food Sci Technol. 105: 515-522. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.008.
- Akyüz, A. (2019). Yaşamsal bilinmezlik: İklim krizi ve gıda. Toplum ve Hekim, 34(5): 348-355.
- Arrieta, E.M., González, A.D. (2018). Impact of current, National Dietary Guidelines and alternative diets on greenhouse gas emissions in Argentina. Food Policy, 79: 58-66. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.05.003.
- Aydemir, S., Öner, Z. (2020). Farklı konsantrasyonlarda Spirulina platensis eklenmiş yoğurtların kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri. SDUFENBED 24(3): 553-565. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.534480.
- Barilla Center For Food Nutrition (BCFN) (2010). Double pyramid: healthy food for people and sustainable for the planet. Parma,Italy. https://www.barillacfn.com/m/publications/pp-double-pyramid-healthy-diet-for-people-sustainable-for-the-planet.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2021).
- Batista, A.P., Niccolai, A., Bursic, I., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Tredici, M.R. (2019). Microalgae as functional ingredients in savory food products: application to wheat crackers. Foods, 8(12): 611. doi:10.3390/foods8120611.
- Batista, A.P., Niccolai, A., Fradinhoa, P., Fragosoa, S., Bursic, I., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Tredici, M.R., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A. (2017). Microalgae biomass as an alternative ingredient in cookies: Sensory, physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity and in vitro digestibility. Algal Research, 26: 161-171. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.017.
- Bayındır Gümüş, A., Yardımcı, H. (2019). Öğrencilerin ev dışı ana öğün tüketimlerine ve antropometrik ölçümlerine göre akdeniz diyet uyumlarının incelenmesi. STED, 28(6): 397-403. doi: 10.17942/sted.629541.
- Bayram, H.M., Öztürkcan, S.A. (2020a). Antosiyanince zengin kiraz grubu meyvelerin insan sağlığı üzerine etkilerini inceleyen klinik çalışmalara bir bakış. İGÜSABDER, 11: 230-254. doi: 10.38079/igusabder.748640.
- Bayram, H.M., Öztürkcan, S.A. (2020b). Gıda katkı maddelerinin mikrobiyota üzerine etkisi. Gıda, 45(5): 1030-1046. doi: 10.15237/gida.GD20070.
- Boehm, R., Ver Ploeg, M., Wilde, P.E., Cash, S.B. (2019). Greenhouse gas emissions, total food spending and diet quality by share of household food spending on red meat: results from a nationally representative sample of US households. Public Health Nutr, 22(10): 1794-1806. doi:10.1017/S136898001800407X.
- Broekema, R., Tyszler, M., van 't Veer, P., Kok, F.J., Martin, A., Lluch, A., Blonk, H.T.J. (2020). Future-proof and sustainable healthy diets based on current eating patterns in the Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr, 112(5): 1338-1347. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa217.
Brown, J.J., Das, P., Al-Saidi, M. (2018). Sustainable agriculture in the Arabian/Persian Gulf Region utilizing marginal water resources: Making the best of a bad situation. Sustainability, 10(5): 1364. doi: 10.3390/su10051364.
- Churchward-Venne, T.A., Pinckaers, P.J.M., van Loon, J.J.A., van Loon, L.J.C. (2017). Consideration of insects as a source of dietary protein for human consumption. Nutr Rev, 75(12): 1035-1045. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux057.
- Davis, C., Bryan, J., Hodgson, J., Murphy, K. (2015). Definition of the Mediterranean Diet; a literature review. Nutrients, 7(11): 9139-9153. doi:10.3390/nu7115459.
- Davis, K., Gephart, J.A., Emery, K.A., Leach, A.M., Galloway, J., D’Odorico, P. (2016). Meeting future food demand with current agricultural resources. Global Environ Chang, 39: 125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.004.
- de Koning, W., Dean, D., Vriesekoop, F., Aguiar, L.K., Anderson, M., Mongondry, P., Oppong-Gyamfi, M., Urbano, B., Luciano, C.A.G., Jiang, B., Hao, W., Eastwick, E., Jiang, Z., Boereboom, A. (2020). Drivers and Inhibitors in the Acceptance of Meat Alternatives: The Case of Plant and Insect-Based Proteins. Foods, 9(9):1292. doi:10.3390/foods9091292.
- Dernini, S., Berry, E.M., Serra-Majem, L., La Vecchia, C., Capone, R., Medina, F.X., Aranceta-Bartrina, J., Belahsen, R., Burlingame, B., Calabrese, G., Corella, D., Donini, L.M., Lairon, D., Meybeck, A., Pekcan, A.G., Piscopo, S., Trichopoulou, A. (2017). Med Diet 4.0: the Mediterranean diet with four sustainable benefits. Public Health Nutr, 20(7): 1322-1330. doi:10.1017/s1368980016003177.
- Dinu, M., Abbate, R., Gensini, G.F., Casini, A., Sofi, F. (2017). Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 57(17): 3640-3649. doi:10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447.
- Duran, S., Durmuşçelebi, E., Yalçın, M., Karmil, G., Radonciq, A. (2019). Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi birinci ve ikinci öğretiminde okuyan öğrencilerin uyku durumları ve beslenme alışkanlıklarının karşılaştırılması. Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine, 8(2): 78-83. doi: 10.33880/ejfm.2019080204.
- Ernstoff, A., Stylianou, K.S., Sahakian, M., Godin, L., Dauriat, A., Humbert, S., Erkman, S., Jolliet, O. (2020). Towards Win-Win Policies for healthy and sustainable diets in Switzerland. Nutrients, 12(9): 2745. doi:10.3390/nu12092745.
- FAO. (2020). Insects for food and feed. The contribution of insects to food security, livelihoods and the environment. http://www.fao.org/edible-insects/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 08.01.2020).
- FAO (2020). Fruit and vegetables – your dietary essentials, The International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, 2021, background paper. http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb2395en/#:~:text=The%20International%20Year%20of%20Fruits%20and%20Vegetables%202021%20(IYFV)%2C,the%20contribution%20of%20fruit%20and (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2021).
- Fradinho, P., Niccolai, A., Soares, R., Rodolfi, L.,Biondi, N., Tredici, M.R., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A. (2019). Effect of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) incorporation on the rheological and bioactive properties of gluten-free fresh pasta. Algal Research, 45: 101743. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101743.
- Fresán, U., Sabaté, J. (2019). Vegetarian Diets: Planetary health and its alignment with human health. Adv Nutr, 10(Suppl_4): 380-388. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz019.
- García-Segovia, P., Igual, M., Martínez-Monzó, J. (2020). Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Bread Enriched with Alternative Proteins. Foods, 9(7): 933. doi:10.3390/foods9070933.
- García, J.L., de Vicente, M., Galán, B. (2017). Microalgae, old sustainable food and fashion nutraceuticals. Microb Biotechnol, 10(5): 1017-1024. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12800.
- Gómez-Zorita, S., Trepiana, J., González-Arceo, M., Aguirre, L., Milton-Laskibar, I., González, M., Eseberri, I., Fernández-Quintela, A., Portillo, M.P. (2019). Anti-Obesity Effects of Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci, 21(1): 42. doi:10.3390/ijms21010041.
- Graça, C., Fradinho, P., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A. (2018). Impact of Chlorella vulgaris on the rheology of wheat flour dough and bread texture. LWT - Food Sci Technol, 89: 466-474. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.024.
Grahl, S., Strack, M., Mensching, A., Mörlein, D. (2020). Alternative protein sources in Western diets: Food product development and consumer acceptance of spirulina-filled pasta. Food Quality and Preference, 84: 103933. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103933.
- Grasso, A. C., Hung, Y., Olthof, M.R., Verbeke, W., Brouwer, I.A. (2019). Older consumers' readiness to accept alternative, more sustainable protein sources in the european union. Nutrients, 11(8): 1904. doi: 10.3390/nu11081904.
- Green, R. F., Joy, E. J. M., Harris, F., Agrawal, S., Aleksandrowicz, L., Hillier, J., Macdiarmid, J.I., Milner, J., Vetter, S. H., Smith, P., Haines, A., Dangour, A.D. (2018). Greenhouse gas emissions and water footprints of typical dietary patterns in India. Sci Total Environ, 643: 1411-1418. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.258.
- Grosso, G., Fresán, U., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Marventano, S., Galvano, F. (2020). Environmental impact of dietary choices: role of the Mediterranean and other dietary patterns in an Italian cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5): 1468. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051468.
- Hendrie, G.A., Baird, D., Ridoutt, B., Hadjikakou, M., Noakes, M. (2016). Overconsumption of energy and excessive discretionary food intake inflates dietary greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. Nutrients, 8(11): 690. doi:10.3390/nu8110690.
- Hendrie, G.A., Ridoutt, B.G., Wiedmann, T.O., Noakes, M. (2014). Greenhouse gas emissions and the Australian diet--comparing dietary recommendations with average intakes. Nutrients, 6(1): 289-303. doi:10.3390/nu6010289.
İlhan, E., Büyükizgi, A. N., Ermiş, E. (2020). Mavi-yeşil alg spirulina platensis’ in buğday ekmeğinde kimyasal, duyusal ve antifungal etkisi. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 0(24): 22-29. ISSN: 1303-3107.
- Kostecka, J., Konieczna, K., Cunha, L.M. (2017). Evaluation of insect-based food acceptance by representatives of polish consumers in the context of natural resources processing retardation. J. Ecol. Eng., 18(2): 166-174. doi:10.12911/22998993/68301.
- Kumar, P., Chatli, M.K., Mehta, N., Singh, P., Malav, O.P., Verma, A.K. (2017). Meat analogues: health promising sustainable meat substitutes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 57(5): 923-932. doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.939739.
- Loveday, S.M. (2019). Food Proteins: Technological, Nutritional, and Sustainability Attributes of Traditional and Emerging Proteins. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol, 10: 311-339. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121128.
- Mancini, S., Sogari, G., Menozzi, D., Nuvoloni, R., Torracca, B., Moruzzo, R., Paci, G. (2019). Factors Predicting the Intention of Eating an Insect-Based Product. Foods, 8(7): 270. doi:10.3390/foods8070270.
- Matos, J., Cardoso, C., Bandarra, N.M., Afonso, C. (2017). Microalgae as healthy ingredients for functional food: a review. Food Funct, 8(8): 2672-2685. doi:10.1039/c7fo00409e.
- McKevith, B. (2004). Nutritional aspects of cereals. Nutrition Bulletin, 29(2): 111-142.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2004.00418.x.
Meltzer, H.M., Brantsæter, A.L., Trolle, E., Eneroth, H., Fogelholm, M., Ydersbond, T.A., Birgisdottir, B.E. (2019). Environmental Sustainability Perspectives of the Nordic Diet. Nutrients, 11(9): 2248. doi:10.3390/nu11092248.
- Meyer, N., Reguant-Closa, A. (2017). "Eat as If You Could Save the Planet and Win!" Sustainability Integration into Nutrition for Exercise and Sport. Nutrients, 9(4):412. doi:10.3390/nu9040412.
- Mogensen, L., Hermansen J.E., Trolle, E. (2020). The Climate and Nutritional Impact of Beef in Different Dietary Patterns in Denmark. Foods, 9(9): 1176. doi:10.3390/foods9091176.
- Mok, IK., Yoon, J.R., Pan, C.H., Kim, S.M. (2016). Development, quantification, method validation, and stability study of a novel fucoxanthin-fortified milk. J Agric Food Chem, 64(31): 6196-6202. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02206.
- Murakami, K., Livingstone, M.B.E. (2018). Greenhouse gas emissions of self-selected diets in the UK and their association with diet quality: is energy under-reporting a problem? Nutr J, 17(1): 27. doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0338-x.
- Muslu, M. (2020). Sağliğin geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir beslenme için alternatif bir kaynak: yenilebilir böcekler. Gıda, 45(5): 1009-1018. doi: 10.15237/gida.GD20071.
- Naja, F., Jomaa, L., Itani, L., Zidek, J., El Labban, S., Sibai, A.M., Hwalla, N. (2018). Environmental footprints of food consumption and dietary patterns among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J, 17: 85. doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0393-3.
- NASA (2021). Global Climate Change, Vital Signs of the Planet. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2021).
- Nelson, M.E., Hamm, M.W., Hu, F.B., Abrams, S.A., Griffin, T.S. (2016). Alignment of Healthy Dietary Patterns and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr, 7(6): 1005-1025. doi:10.3945/an.116.012567.
- Niccolai, A., Venturi, M., Galli, V., Pini, N., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., D'Ottavio, M., Batista, A.P., Raymundo, A., Granchi, L., Tredici, M.R. (2019). Development of new microalgae-based sourdough "crostini": functional effects of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) addition. Sci Rep, 9(1): 19433. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55840-1.
- Nunesa, M.C., Graça, C., Vlaisavljevićb, S., Tenreiroc, A., Sousaa, I., Raymundo, A. (2020). Microalgal cell disruption: Effect on the bioactivity and rheology of wheat bread. Algal Research, 45: 101749. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101749.
- Özkan, M., Güneş, E. (2020). Alternatif gıda kaynağı olarak yenilebilir böceklerin kullanımına dair bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi. Jotags, 8(2): 839-851. doi:10.21325/jotags.2020.583.
Parca, F., Koca, Y.O., Aydın, U. (2018). Nutritional and Antinutritional Factors of Some Pulses Seed and Their Effects on Human Health. IJSM, 5(4): 331-342. doi: 10.21448/ijsm.488651.
- Pekcan, A.G. (2019). Sürdürülebilir beslenme ve beslenme örüntüsü: Bitkisel kaynaklı beslenme. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(2): 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1268.
- Perçin, D. (2017). Paris Zirvesi’nden Bonn Zirvesi’ne Küresel İklim Zirveleri. http://jusgentiumint.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/bonn-zirvesi.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2021).
- Ruini, L.F., Ciati, R., Pratesi, C.A., Marino, M., Principato, L., Vannuzzi, E. (2015). Working toward Healthy and Sustainable Diets: The "Double Pyramid Model" Developed by the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition to Raise Awareness about the Environmental and Nutritional Impact of Foods. Front Nutr, 2: 9. doi:10.3389/fnut.2015.00009.
- Sahruzaini, N.A., Rejab, N.A., Harikrishna, J.A., Khairul Ikram, N.K., Ismail, I., Kugan, H.M., Cheng, A. (2020). Pulse Crop Genetics for a Sustainable Future: Where We Are Now and Where We Should Be Heading. Front Plant Sci. 11: 531. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00531.
- Sarıoğlu, G., Veli̇oğlu, Y. (2018). Baklagillerin Bileşimi Akademik Gıda, 16(4): 483-496. doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.505547.
Satija, A., Hu, F.B. (2018). Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 28(7): 437-441. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2018.02.004.
- Ścieszka, S., Klewicka, E. (2019). Algae in food: a general review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(21): 3538-3547. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1496319.
- Sjörs, C., Hedenus, F., Sjölander, A., Tillander, A., Bälter, K. (2017). Adherence to dietary recommendations for Swedish adults across categories of greenhouse gas emissions from food. Public Health Nutr, 20(18): 3381-3393. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017002300.
- Spiker, M., Reinhardt, S., Bruening, M. (2020). Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2020 Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Competent, Proficient, and Expert) in Sustainable, Resilient, and Healthy Food and Water Systems. J Acad Nutr Diet, 120(9): 1568-1585 e1528. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.010.
- Sranacharoenpong, K., Soret, S., Harwatt, H., Wien, M., Sabaté, J. (2015). The environmental cost of protein food choices. Public Health Nutr. 18(11): 2067-2073.
- Sugimoto, M., Murakami, K., Fujiwara, A., Asakura, K., Masayasu, S., Sasaki, S. (2020). Association between diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient intake adequacy among Japanese adults. PLoS One, 15(10): e0240803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240803.
Suna, G. (2020). Spirulina platensis ve chlorella vulgaris ile zenginleştirilmiş probiyotik beyaz peynir üretiminin araştirilmasi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi,Bursa, 219 s.
- TAGEM. (2019). Yaş Meyve ve Sebze Çalıştayı. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Duyurular/%C3%87Al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay%20Raporu%20son%20hali.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2021).
- Tilman, D., Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature 515(7528): 518-522. doi:10.1038/nature13959.
- Tseng, A.A. (2020). Equivalent Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Mahayana Buddhists Practicing Vegetarian Diets. J Relig Health, 59(1): 598-613. doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0511-0.
- TURKOMP (2021). Ulusal Gida Kompozisyon Veri Tabani http://www.turkomp.gov.tr/database?type=foods (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2021).
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2019). Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2017. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_20.08.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 08.01.2020).
- TÜİK (2020). Sera Gazı Emisyon İstatistikleri, 1990-2018. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=33624 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2021).
United Nations (2019). Worl Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_DataBooklet.pdf
(Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2021).
- United Nations (2016). Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ (Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2021).
- United Nations (2021). Sustainable Development Goals, Goals 2: Zero Hunger. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ (Erişim Tarihi: 27.01.2021).
- Vázquez-Rowe, I., Larrea-Gallegos, G., Villanueva-Rey, P., Gilardino, A. (2017). Climate change mitigation opportunities based on carbon footprint estimates of dietary patterns in Peru. PLoS One, 12(11): e0188182. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188182.
- Watts, N., Amann, M., Arnell, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Beagley, J., Belesova, K., et al. (2020). The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises. Lancet, 397(10269): 129-170. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X.
- Widmer, J.R., Flammer A.J., Lerman, L.O., Lerman, A. (2015). The mediterranean diet, its components, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med, 128(3): 229-238. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.014.
- Zurek, M., Hebinck, A., Leip, A., Vervoort, J., Kuiper, M., Garrone, M., Havlik, P., Heckelei, T., Hornborg, S., Ingram, J., Kujisten, A., Shutes, L., Gelejinse J.M., Terluin, I., van’t Veer, P., Wijnands, J., Zimmermann, A.,Achterbosch, T. (2018). Assessing Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security of the EU Food System-An Integrated Approach. Sustainability 10: 4271. doi:10.3390/su10114271.
ÇEVRESEL SORUNLARA KARŞI ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ: GÜNCEL SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR BESLENME UYGULAMALARINA GENEL BAKIŞ
Year 2021,
Volume: 46 Issue: 5, 1138 - 1157, 05.08.2021
Başak Can
,
Hatice Merve Bayram
,
Arda Ozturkcan
Abstract
Günümüzde dünya nüfusunun artması ile birlikte insanlığın, kaynakların tükenme tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya kalması beklenmektedir. "Sürdürülebilir Beslenme" kavramının amaçlarından biri kaynakların gelecek kuşaklara aktarılabilmesidir. Bunun için yapılabileceklerin başında geleneksel beslenme modellerini ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını; çevreye ve sağlığa yararlı beslenme modelleri ve alışkanlıkları ile değiştirmek gelmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra sürdürülebilir beslenme için besin ögesi içerikleri hayvansal protein kaynaklı besinlere yakın olan, herkes tarafından erişilebilir ve kabul görebilecek alternatif protein kaynakları bulmak önemlidir. Son yıllarda ülkemizde bu kavramın önemi artmış durumdadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, sürdürülebilir beslenme ve çevresel etki açısından devamlılığı en fazla olan bitkisel kaynaklı besinleri temel alan beslenme modelleri ile gelecek yüzyıllarda sera gazı etkisini azaltmak için tüketilebilecek alternatif protein kaynakları hakkında insanların bilinç düzeyini artırmak adına kapsamlı bilgi sunmaktır.
References
- Acet, D.B. (2017). Dietary pattern-induced greenhouse gas emission and water footprint estimations in Turkey. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Doğa ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Enstitüsü Dünya Sistem Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, Türkiye, 170 s.
- Aiking, H., de Boer, J. (2020). The next protein transition. Trends Food Sci Technol. 105: 515-522. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.008.
- Akyüz, A. (2019). Yaşamsal bilinmezlik: İklim krizi ve gıda. Toplum ve Hekim, 34(5): 348-355.
- Arrieta, E.M., González, A.D. (2018). Impact of current, National Dietary Guidelines and alternative diets on greenhouse gas emissions in Argentina. Food Policy, 79: 58-66. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.05.003.
- Aydemir, S., Öner, Z. (2020). Farklı konsantrasyonlarda Spirulina platensis eklenmiş yoğurtların kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri. SDUFENBED 24(3): 553-565. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.534480.
- Barilla Center For Food Nutrition (BCFN) (2010). Double pyramid: healthy food for people and sustainable for the planet. Parma,Italy. https://www.barillacfn.com/m/publications/pp-double-pyramid-healthy-diet-for-people-sustainable-for-the-planet.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2021).
- Batista, A.P., Niccolai, A., Bursic, I., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Tredici, M.R. (2019). Microalgae as functional ingredients in savory food products: application to wheat crackers. Foods, 8(12): 611. doi:10.3390/foods8120611.
- Batista, A.P., Niccolai, A., Fradinhoa, P., Fragosoa, S., Bursic, I., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., Tredici, M.R., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A. (2017). Microalgae biomass as an alternative ingredient in cookies: Sensory, physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity and in vitro digestibility. Algal Research, 26: 161-171. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.017.
- Bayındır Gümüş, A., Yardımcı, H. (2019). Öğrencilerin ev dışı ana öğün tüketimlerine ve antropometrik ölçümlerine göre akdeniz diyet uyumlarının incelenmesi. STED, 28(6): 397-403. doi: 10.17942/sted.629541.
- Bayram, H.M., Öztürkcan, S.A. (2020a). Antosiyanince zengin kiraz grubu meyvelerin insan sağlığı üzerine etkilerini inceleyen klinik çalışmalara bir bakış. İGÜSABDER, 11: 230-254. doi: 10.38079/igusabder.748640.
- Bayram, H.M., Öztürkcan, S.A. (2020b). Gıda katkı maddelerinin mikrobiyota üzerine etkisi. Gıda, 45(5): 1030-1046. doi: 10.15237/gida.GD20070.
- Boehm, R., Ver Ploeg, M., Wilde, P.E., Cash, S.B. (2019). Greenhouse gas emissions, total food spending and diet quality by share of household food spending on red meat: results from a nationally representative sample of US households. Public Health Nutr, 22(10): 1794-1806. doi:10.1017/S136898001800407X.
- Broekema, R., Tyszler, M., van 't Veer, P., Kok, F.J., Martin, A., Lluch, A., Blonk, H.T.J. (2020). Future-proof and sustainable healthy diets based on current eating patterns in the Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr, 112(5): 1338-1347. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa217.
Brown, J.J., Das, P., Al-Saidi, M. (2018). Sustainable agriculture in the Arabian/Persian Gulf Region utilizing marginal water resources: Making the best of a bad situation. Sustainability, 10(5): 1364. doi: 10.3390/su10051364.
- Churchward-Venne, T.A., Pinckaers, P.J.M., van Loon, J.J.A., van Loon, L.J.C. (2017). Consideration of insects as a source of dietary protein for human consumption. Nutr Rev, 75(12): 1035-1045. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux057.
- Davis, C., Bryan, J., Hodgson, J., Murphy, K. (2015). Definition of the Mediterranean Diet; a literature review. Nutrients, 7(11): 9139-9153. doi:10.3390/nu7115459.
- Davis, K., Gephart, J.A., Emery, K.A., Leach, A.M., Galloway, J., D’Odorico, P. (2016). Meeting future food demand with current agricultural resources. Global Environ Chang, 39: 125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.004.
- de Koning, W., Dean, D., Vriesekoop, F., Aguiar, L.K., Anderson, M., Mongondry, P., Oppong-Gyamfi, M., Urbano, B., Luciano, C.A.G., Jiang, B., Hao, W., Eastwick, E., Jiang, Z., Boereboom, A. (2020). Drivers and Inhibitors in the Acceptance of Meat Alternatives: The Case of Plant and Insect-Based Proteins. Foods, 9(9):1292. doi:10.3390/foods9091292.
- Dernini, S., Berry, E.M., Serra-Majem, L., La Vecchia, C., Capone, R., Medina, F.X., Aranceta-Bartrina, J., Belahsen, R., Burlingame, B., Calabrese, G., Corella, D., Donini, L.M., Lairon, D., Meybeck, A., Pekcan, A.G., Piscopo, S., Trichopoulou, A. (2017). Med Diet 4.0: the Mediterranean diet with four sustainable benefits. Public Health Nutr, 20(7): 1322-1330. doi:10.1017/s1368980016003177.
- Dinu, M., Abbate, R., Gensini, G.F., Casini, A., Sofi, F. (2017). Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 57(17): 3640-3649. doi:10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447.
- Duran, S., Durmuşçelebi, E., Yalçın, M., Karmil, G., Radonciq, A. (2019). Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi birinci ve ikinci öğretiminde okuyan öğrencilerin uyku durumları ve beslenme alışkanlıklarının karşılaştırılması. Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine, 8(2): 78-83. doi: 10.33880/ejfm.2019080204.
- Ernstoff, A., Stylianou, K.S., Sahakian, M., Godin, L., Dauriat, A., Humbert, S., Erkman, S., Jolliet, O. (2020). Towards Win-Win Policies for healthy and sustainable diets in Switzerland. Nutrients, 12(9): 2745. doi:10.3390/nu12092745.
- FAO. (2020). Insects for food and feed. The contribution of insects to food security, livelihoods and the environment. http://www.fao.org/edible-insects/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 08.01.2020).
- FAO (2020). Fruit and vegetables – your dietary essentials, The International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, 2021, background paper. http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb2395en/#:~:text=The%20International%20Year%20of%20Fruits%20and%20Vegetables%202021%20(IYFV)%2C,the%20contribution%20of%20fruit%20and (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2021).
- Fradinho, P., Niccolai, A., Soares, R., Rodolfi, L.,Biondi, N., Tredici, M.R., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A. (2019). Effect of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) incorporation on the rheological and bioactive properties of gluten-free fresh pasta. Algal Research, 45: 101743. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101743.
- Fresán, U., Sabaté, J. (2019). Vegetarian Diets: Planetary health and its alignment with human health. Adv Nutr, 10(Suppl_4): 380-388. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz019.
- García-Segovia, P., Igual, M., Martínez-Monzó, J. (2020). Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Bread Enriched with Alternative Proteins. Foods, 9(7): 933. doi:10.3390/foods9070933.
- García, J.L., de Vicente, M., Galán, B. (2017). Microalgae, old sustainable food and fashion nutraceuticals. Microb Biotechnol, 10(5): 1017-1024. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12800.
- Gómez-Zorita, S., Trepiana, J., González-Arceo, M., Aguirre, L., Milton-Laskibar, I., González, M., Eseberri, I., Fernández-Quintela, A., Portillo, M.P. (2019). Anti-Obesity Effects of Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci, 21(1): 42. doi:10.3390/ijms21010041.
- Graça, C., Fradinho, P., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A. (2018). Impact of Chlorella vulgaris on the rheology of wheat flour dough and bread texture. LWT - Food Sci Technol, 89: 466-474. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.024.
Grahl, S., Strack, M., Mensching, A., Mörlein, D. (2020). Alternative protein sources in Western diets: Food product development and consumer acceptance of spirulina-filled pasta. Food Quality and Preference, 84: 103933. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103933.
- Grasso, A. C., Hung, Y., Olthof, M.R., Verbeke, W., Brouwer, I.A. (2019). Older consumers' readiness to accept alternative, more sustainable protein sources in the european union. Nutrients, 11(8): 1904. doi: 10.3390/nu11081904.
- Green, R. F., Joy, E. J. M., Harris, F., Agrawal, S., Aleksandrowicz, L., Hillier, J., Macdiarmid, J.I., Milner, J., Vetter, S. H., Smith, P., Haines, A., Dangour, A.D. (2018). Greenhouse gas emissions and water footprints of typical dietary patterns in India. Sci Total Environ, 643: 1411-1418. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.258.
- Grosso, G., Fresán, U., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Marventano, S., Galvano, F. (2020). Environmental impact of dietary choices: role of the Mediterranean and other dietary patterns in an Italian cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5): 1468. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051468.
- Hendrie, G.A., Baird, D., Ridoutt, B., Hadjikakou, M., Noakes, M. (2016). Overconsumption of energy and excessive discretionary food intake inflates dietary greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. Nutrients, 8(11): 690. doi:10.3390/nu8110690.
- Hendrie, G.A., Ridoutt, B.G., Wiedmann, T.O., Noakes, M. (2014). Greenhouse gas emissions and the Australian diet--comparing dietary recommendations with average intakes. Nutrients, 6(1): 289-303. doi:10.3390/nu6010289.
İlhan, E., Büyükizgi, A. N., Ermiş, E. (2020). Mavi-yeşil alg spirulina platensis’ in buğday ekmeğinde kimyasal, duyusal ve antifungal etkisi. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 0(24): 22-29. ISSN: 1303-3107.
- Kostecka, J., Konieczna, K., Cunha, L.M. (2017). Evaluation of insect-based food acceptance by representatives of polish consumers in the context of natural resources processing retardation. J. Ecol. Eng., 18(2): 166-174. doi:10.12911/22998993/68301.
- Kumar, P., Chatli, M.K., Mehta, N., Singh, P., Malav, O.P., Verma, A.K. (2017). Meat analogues: health promising sustainable meat substitutes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 57(5): 923-932. doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.939739.
- Loveday, S.M. (2019). Food Proteins: Technological, Nutritional, and Sustainability Attributes of Traditional and Emerging Proteins. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol, 10: 311-339. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121128.
- Mancini, S., Sogari, G., Menozzi, D., Nuvoloni, R., Torracca, B., Moruzzo, R., Paci, G. (2019). Factors Predicting the Intention of Eating an Insect-Based Product. Foods, 8(7): 270. doi:10.3390/foods8070270.
- Matos, J., Cardoso, C., Bandarra, N.M., Afonso, C. (2017). Microalgae as healthy ingredients for functional food: a review. Food Funct, 8(8): 2672-2685. doi:10.1039/c7fo00409e.
- McKevith, B. (2004). Nutritional aspects of cereals. Nutrition Bulletin, 29(2): 111-142.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2004.00418.x.
Meltzer, H.M., Brantsæter, A.L., Trolle, E., Eneroth, H., Fogelholm, M., Ydersbond, T.A., Birgisdottir, B.E. (2019). Environmental Sustainability Perspectives of the Nordic Diet. Nutrients, 11(9): 2248. doi:10.3390/nu11092248.
- Meyer, N., Reguant-Closa, A. (2017). "Eat as If You Could Save the Planet and Win!" Sustainability Integration into Nutrition for Exercise and Sport. Nutrients, 9(4):412. doi:10.3390/nu9040412.
- Mogensen, L., Hermansen J.E., Trolle, E. (2020). The Climate and Nutritional Impact of Beef in Different Dietary Patterns in Denmark. Foods, 9(9): 1176. doi:10.3390/foods9091176.
- Mok, IK., Yoon, J.R., Pan, C.H., Kim, S.M. (2016). Development, quantification, method validation, and stability study of a novel fucoxanthin-fortified milk. J Agric Food Chem, 64(31): 6196-6202. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02206.
- Murakami, K., Livingstone, M.B.E. (2018). Greenhouse gas emissions of self-selected diets in the UK and their association with diet quality: is energy under-reporting a problem? Nutr J, 17(1): 27. doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0338-x.
- Muslu, M. (2020). Sağliğin geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir beslenme için alternatif bir kaynak: yenilebilir böcekler. Gıda, 45(5): 1009-1018. doi: 10.15237/gida.GD20071.
- Naja, F., Jomaa, L., Itani, L., Zidek, J., El Labban, S., Sibai, A.M., Hwalla, N. (2018). Environmental footprints of food consumption and dietary patterns among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J, 17: 85. doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0393-3.
- NASA (2021). Global Climate Change, Vital Signs of the Planet. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2021).
- Nelson, M.E., Hamm, M.W., Hu, F.B., Abrams, S.A., Griffin, T.S. (2016). Alignment of Healthy Dietary Patterns and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr, 7(6): 1005-1025. doi:10.3945/an.116.012567.
- Niccolai, A., Venturi, M., Galli, V., Pini, N., Rodolfi, L., Biondi, N., D'Ottavio, M., Batista, A.P., Raymundo, A., Granchi, L., Tredici, M.R. (2019). Development of new microalgae-based sourdough "crostini": functional effects of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) addition. Sci Rep, 9(1): 19433. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55840-1.
- Nunesa, M.C., Graça, C., Vlaisavljevićb, S., Tenreiroc, A., Sousaa, I., Raymundo, A. (2020). Microalgal cell disruption: Effect on the bioactivity and rheology of wheat bread. Algal Research, 45: 101749. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101749.
- Özkan, M., Güneş, E. (2020). Alternatif gıda kaynağı olarak yenilebilir böceklerin kullanımına dair bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi. Jotags, 8(2): 839-851. doi:10.21325/jotags.2020.583.
Parca, F., Koca, Y.O., Aydın, U. (2018). Nutritional and Antinutritional Factors of Some Pulses Seed and Their Effects on Human Health. IJSM, 5(4): 331-342. doi: 10.21448/ijsm.488651.
- Pekcan, A.G. (2019). Sürdürülebilir beslenme ve beslenme örüntüsü: Bitkisel kaynaklı beslenme. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(2): 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1268.
- Perçin, D. (2017). Paris Zirvesi’nden Bonn Zirvesi’ne Küresel İklim Zirveleri. http://jusgentiumint.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/bonn-zirvesi.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2021).
- Ruini, L.F., Ciati, R., Pratesi, C.A., Marino, M., Principato, L., Vannuzzi, E. (2015). Working toward Healthy and Sustainable Diets: The "Double Pyramid Model" Developed by the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition to Raise Awareness about the Environmental and Nutritional Impact of Foods. Front Nutr, 2: 9. doi:10.3389/fnut.2015.00009.
- Sahruzaini, N.A., Rejab, N.A., Harikrishna, J.A., Khairul Ikram, N.K., Ismail, I., Kugan, H.M., Cheng, A. (2020). Pulse Crop Genetics for a Sustainable Future: Where We Are Now and Where We Should Be Heading. Front Plant Sci. 11: 531. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00531.
- Sarıoğlu, G., Veli̇oğlu, Y. (2018). Baklagillerin Bileşimi Akademik Gıda, 16(4): 483-496. doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.505547.
Satija, A., Hu, F.B. (2018). Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 28(7): 437-441. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2018.02.004.
- Ścieszka, S., Klewicka, E. (2019). Algae in food: a general review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(21): 3538-3547. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1496319.
- Sjörs, C., Hedenus, F., Sjölander, A., Tillander, A., Bälter, K. (2017). Adherence to dietary recommendations for Swedish adults across categories of greenhouse gas emissions from food. Public Health Nutr, 20(18): 3381-3393. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017002300.
- Spiker, M., Reinhardt, S., Bruening, M. (2020). Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2020 Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Competent, Proficient, and Expert) in Sustainable, Resilient, and Healthy Food and Water Systems. J Acad Nutr Diet, 120(9): 1568-1585 e1528. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.010.
- Sranacharoenpong, K., Soret, S., Harwatt, H., Wien, M., Sabaté, J. (2015). The environmental cost of protein food choices. Public Health Nutr. 18(11): 2067-2073.
- Sugimoto, M., Murakami, K., Fujiwara, A., Asakura, K., Masayasu, S., Sasaki, S. (2020). Association between diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient intake adequacy among Japanese adults. PLoS One, 15(10): e0240803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240803.
Suna, G. (2020). Spirulina platensis ve chlorella vulgaris ile zenginleştirilmiş probiyotik beyaz peynir üretiminin araştirilmasi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi,Bursa, 219 s.
- TAGEM. (2019). Yaş Meyve ve Sebze Çalıştayı. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Duyurular/%C3%87Al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay%20Raporu%20son%20hali.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2021).
- Tilman, D., Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature 515(7528): 518-522. doi:10.1038/nature13959.
- Tseng, A.A. (2020). Equivalent Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Mahayana Buddhists Practicing Vegetarian Diets. J Relig Health, 59(1): 598-613. doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0511-0.
- TURKOMP (2021). Ulusal Gida Kompozisyon Veri Tabani http://www.turkomp.gov.tr/database?type=foods (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2021).
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2019). Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2017. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_20.08.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 08.01.2020).
- TÜİK (2020). Sera Gazı Emisyon İstatistikleri, 1990-2018. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=33624 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2021).
United Nations (2019). Worl Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_DataBooklet.pdf
(Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2021).
- United Nations (2016). Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ (Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2021).
- United Nations (2021). Sustainable Development Goals, Goals 2: Zero Hunger. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ (Erişim Tarihi: 27.01.2021).
- Vázquez-Rowe, I., Larrea-Gallegos, G., Villanueva-Rey, P., Gilardino, A. (2017). Climate change mitigation opportunities based on carbon footprint estimates of dietary patterns in Peru. PLoS One, 12(11): e0188182. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188182.
- Watts, N., Amann, M., Arnell, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Beagley, J., Belesova, K., et al. (2020). The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises. Lancet, 397(10269): 129-170. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X.
- Widmer, J.R., Flammer A.J., Lerman, L.O., Lerman, A. (2015). The mediterranean diet, its components, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med, 128(3): 229-238. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.014.
- Zurek, M., Hebinck, A., Leip, A., Vervoort, J., Kuiper, M., Garrone, M., Havlik, P., Heckelei, T., Hornborg, S., Ingram, J., Kujisten, A., Shutes, L., Gelejinse J.M., Terluin, I., van’t Veer, P., Wijnands, J., Zimmermann, A.,Achterbosch, T. (2018). Assessing Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security of the EU Food System-An Integrated Approach. Sustainability 10: 4271. doi:10.3390/su10114271.