Research Article

EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework

Volume: 8 Number: 1 June 22, 2026
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EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework

Abstract

This study examines the compliance of Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) with European Union energy policy within the Energy Community framework from a differentiated integration perspective. The main argument of the study is that while the institutional structure of the Energy Community successfully promotes formal acquis compliance, significant deviations emerge at the substantive implementation stage. Throughout the 2020-2025 period, the inconsistency between the EU's "REPowerEU" strategy and its goal of complete disengagement from Russian energy by 2027 and the energy policies of Western Balkan countries has deepened. The systematic examination of European Commission Progress Reports and Energy Community Implementation Reports demonstrates that the Energy Community performance of WB6 countries differs within the framework of capacity and willingness factors. The study reveals that each of the six countries exhibits different compliance profiles and that this differentiation is shaped by both technical-administrative capacity and political will. Document analysis shows that hierarchical external governance mechanisms can ensure formal compliance, but substantive compliance remains limited due to capacity deficiencies, geopolitical dependencies, and the uncertainty of membership perspective. The study emphasizes that EU enlargement policy needs to differentiate conditionality by taking into account the different conditions of each country and that the membership promise needs to be provided with a concrete timeline.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Regional Studies, International Relations (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 22, 2026

Submission Date

January 24, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 10, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 1

APA
Uyğun, E. D. (2026). EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 23-47. https://doi.org/10.47899/izsbd.1870768
AMA
1.Uyğun ED. EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework. İzmir Journal of Social Sciences. 2026;8(1):23-47. doi:10.47899/izsbd.1870768
Chicago
Uyğun, Ekin Deniz. 2026. “EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness Within the Energy Community Framework”. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 8 (1): 23-47. https://doi.org/10.47899/izsbd.1870768.
EndNote
Uyğun ED (June 1, 2026) EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 8 1 23–47.
IEEE
[1]E. D. Uyğun, “EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework”, İzmir Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 23–47, June 2026, doi: 10.47899/izsbd.1870768.
ISNAD
Uyğun, Ekin Deniz. “EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness Within the Energy Community Framework”. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 8/1 (June 1, 2026): 23-47. https://doi.org/10.47899/izsbd.1870768.
JAMA
1.Uyğun ED. EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework. İzmir Journal of Social Sciences. 2026;8:23–47.
MLA
Uyğun, Ekin Deniz. “EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness Within the Energy Community Framework”. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 23-47, doi:10.47899/izsbd.1870768.
Vancouver
1.Ekin Deniz Uyğun. EU Energy Policy Alignment in the Western Balkans: Differentiated Integration, Capacity and Willingness within the Energy Community Framework. İzmir Journal of Social Sciences. 2026 Jun. 1;8(1):23-47. doi:10.47899/izsbd.1870768
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