Nutrient dynamics in apple: Analyzing macro and micronutrient distribution in leaves and fruits
Abstract
Apple cultivation is a key component of sustainable agriculture, significantly contributing to global fruit production. This study aimed to analyze the macro and micronutrient contents in apple leaves and fruits and to evaluate their relations with each other. The research was conducted in Denizli, Türkiye, using the Scarlet Spur apple cultivar grafted onto MM 111 rootstock, with a planting density of 4.5 × 2.5 m. Nutrient concentrations were measured using ICP-AES and spectrophotometric techniques. The results showed that nitrogen (0.50%–0.63%) and potassium (0.10%–0.94%) were the most abundant macronutrients in fruit, whereas calcium (0.04%–0.06%) and magnesium (0.06%–0.07%) were lower. Among micronutrients, iron (7.40–9.20 ppm) and boron (98.35–115.55 ppm) were found in higher concentrations, while zinc (2.07–2.44 ppm) and copper (1.70–1.80 ppm) were relatively low. Leaf tissues exhibited higher nutrient concentrations than fruit, with nitrogen (2.41%–2.56%), potassium (1.66%–1.83%), and calcium (1.49%–1.63%) being dominant. Strong negative correlations were observed between nitrogen and calcium in fruit (r = -0.99), while calcium and magnesium in leaves showed a strong positive relationship (r = 0.99). These results suggest that proper nutrient management is essential to improve fruit quality and optimize yield. The study emphasizes the necessity of balanced fertilization strategies and highlights the potential of apples as a rich dietary source of essential minerals. Future research should focus on optimizing fertilization practices and understanding the environmental factors influencing nutrient uptake.
Keywords
Fruit quality, Nutrient uptake, Macro and micronutrients, Sustainable agriculture
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